James Madison: A Life Reconsidered (65 page)

56
. Brant,
Madison,
3:281.

57
.
PMC,
12:402–3, to Pendleton, Sept. 14, 1789; 12:433, to Jefferson, Oct. 8, 1789.

58
.
PMC,
12:452, to Washington, Nov. 20, 1789; Bowling,
Creation of Washington, D.C.,
168.

59
. Taylor Diary, Nov. 15 and Dec. 3 and 24, 1789; Meteorological Journals, Nov. and Dec. 1789.

Chapter 9:
T
HE
E
ARTH
B
ELONGS TO THE
L
IVING

1
. “First Monticello” and “House Transition,” Monticello, http://www.monticello.org/site/house-and-gardens/first-monticello and http://www.monticello.org/site/house-and-gardens/house-transition.

2
.
PJ,
15:305, to Cosway, July 25, 1789;
PMC,
12:304, from Jefferson, July 22, 1789.

3
.
PMC,
12:382–87, from Jefferson, Sept. 6, 1789.

4
.
PMC,
13:18–21, to Jefferson, Feb. 4, 1790; 12:386, from Jefferson, Sept. 6, 1789.

5
. Rush,
Autobiography,
181; Koch,
Jefferson and Madison,
95–96; Jefferson,
Writings,
15:470–71, to Thomas Earle, Sept. 24, 1823.

6
. John Quincy Adams,
Jubilee of the Constitution,
111.

7
.
PMC,
13:4, to Jefferson, Jan. 24, 1790.

8
. John C. Hamilton,
History of the Republic of the United States,
4:29n; Maclay,
Journal,
194–95, Feb. 11, 1790;
Annals,
1st Cong., 2nd sess., 1235–36, Feb. 11, 1790.

9
.
Annals,
1st Cong., 2nd sess., 1250, 1265, Feb. 15, 1790, 1308–14, Feb. 18, 1790; Leibiger,
Founding Friendship,
22;
PMC,
3:124, “Motion on Impressment of Supplies,” May 18, 1781.

10
.
Annals,
1st Cong., 2nd sess., 1314, Feb. 18, 1790.

11
. Maclay,
Journal,
201–2, Feb. 22, 1790; Cutler and Cutler,
Life, Journals, and Correspondence of Rev. Manasseh Cutler,
1:458.

12
. Maclay,
Journal,
178, 332, Jan. 15 and July 17, 1790; “James Madison’s Autobiography,” 203–4.

13
. Jefferson,
Notes on the State of Virginia,
176.

14
. McCoy,
Elusive Republic,
121–32.

15
.
Annals,
1st Cong., 2nd sess., 1225, 1240, Feb. 11–12, 1790.

16
. Ibid., 1246, 1241, Feb. 12, 1790.

17
. Ohline, “Slavery, Economics, and Congressional Politics, 1790,” 337, 346–51;
Documentary History of the First Federal Congress,
12:727–28,
Daily Advertiser,
March 18, 1790;
Annals,
1st Cong., 2nd sess., 1505, March 17, 1790;
PMC,
13:110, to Edmund Randolph, March 21, 1790.

18
. Pennsylvania Abolition Society Collection, John Pemberton to James Pemberton, March 8 and 17, 1790;
PMC,
13:109, to Rush, March 20, 1790.

19
. Pennsylvania Abolition Society Collection, John Pemberton to James Pemberton, March 9, 1790; Ohline, “Slavery, Economics, and Congressional Politics, 1790,” 346–51;
Annals,
1st Cong., 2nd sess., 1525, March 23, 1790; Pennsylvania Abolition Society Collection, John Pemberton to James Pemberton, March 20, 1790.

20
.
Annals,
1st Cong., 2nd sess., 1524, March 23, 1790; Ellis,
Founding Brothers,
118; Wiecek,
Sources of Antislavery Constitutionalism,
16.

21
. Ellis,
Founding Brothers,
115; Farrand,
Records,
1:135, Madison’s notes, June 6, 1787;
Annals,
1st Cong., 2nd sess., 1505, March 17, 1790;
PMC,
12:437–38, “Memorandum on an African Colony for Freed Slaves,” ca. Oct. 20, 1789.

22
. Ohline, “Slavery, Economics, and Congressional Politics, 1790,” 354; Pennsylvania Abolition Society Collection, John Pemberton to James Pemberton, March 16 and Feb. 23, 1790; Sedgwick Family Papers, Sedgwick to Ephraim Williams, March 17, 1790; microfilm edition of Adams Papers, Adams to Colonel Ward, Jan. 8, 1810; Maclay,
Journal,
196, Feb. 15, 1790; microfilm edition of Adams Papers, Adams to Thomas Crafts, May 25, 1790; Ames,
Works,
1:76, to George Richards Minot, March 23, 1790.

23
.
PMC,
13:175, “Motion on the Death of Franklin,” April 22, 1790; Maclay,
Journal,
246–47, April 23, 1790; Franklin,
Writings,
10:87–91, to the editor,
Federal Gazette,
March 23, 1790.

24
.
PH,
6:106, “Report Relative to a Provision for the Support of Public Credit,” Jan. 9, 1970;
PMC,
13:148, to Lee, April 13, 1790.

25
. Maclay,
Journal,
209, March 9, 1790; Huger had suffered a fracture: “Letters of William Loughton Smith to Edward Rutledge,”
South Carolina Historical Magazine,
Jan. 1968, 11.

26
. Maclay,
Journal,
237, April 12, 1790;
PMC,
13:151, to Monroe, April 17, 1790; 13:89, 137, from Lee, March 4 and April 3, 1790.

27
.
PMC,
13:222, to Randolph, May 19, 1790; Abigail Adams,
New Letters,
49, to Mary Cranch, May 30, 1790.

28
. Jefferson,
Works,
7:224–27, “The Assumption,” Feb. 1793; Jefferson,
Complete Anas,
33–34; Maclay,
Journal,
292–93, June 14, 1790; Virginia’s allowance was increased by $500,000 in the bill that finally passed; Ferguson,
Power of the Purse,
321.

29
. Maclay,
Journal,
311, June 30, 1790; Bowling,
Creation of Washington, D.C.,
185–86, 196; “Letters of William Loughton Smith to Edward Rutledge,”
South Carolina Historical Magazine,
April 1968, 125.

30
. Shippen Family Papers, Thomas Shippen to William Shippen, Sept. 15, 1790.

31
. Peirce,
Meteorological Account,
212;
PMC,
13:404–5, from Jefferson, March 13, 1791; 13:405, to Jefferson, March 13, 1791.

32
.
PMC,
13:336, “Excise,” Dec. 27, 1790.

33
.
PMC,
13:374–76, “The Bank Bill,” Feb. 2, 1791.

34
.
PMC,
10:424,
Federalist
44, Jan. 25, 1788.

35
.
Annals,
1st Cong., 3rd sess., 2008, Feb. 8, 1791;
PMC,
10:41, “Power of the Legislature to Negative State Laws,” June 8, 1787; Farrand,
Records,
3:534, N. P. Trist Memoranda, Sept. 27, 1834.

36
.
PMR,
1:603, “Detatched Memoranda,” ca. Jan. 31, 1820.

37
.
PMC,
13:93, to Rush, March 7, 1790;
PJ,
19:351, to Freneau, Feb. 28, 1791.

38
.
PMC,
14:23, to Jefferson, May 12, 1791;
PH,
8:478, from Troup, June 15, 1791 (italics added); John C. Hamilton,
History of the Republic of the United States,
4:506.

39
.
Vermont Historical Gazetteer,
1:170–71; Maxwell,
Portrait of William Floyd,
35;
Annals,
1st Cong., 2nd sess., 1755, July 26, 1790.

40
.
PMC,
10:264,
Federalist
10, Nov. 22, 1787; 10:477,
Federalist
51, Feb. 6, 1788; Hofstadter,
Idea of a Party System,
54–55.

41
.
PJ,
20:463–64, to Martha Randolph, May 31, 1791;
PMC,
14:27, “Notes on the Lake Country Tour,” June 1, 1791; 13:303, “Instructions for the Montpelier Overseer and Laborers,” ca. Nov. 8, 1790; Brant,
Madison,
3:380.

42
.
PJ,
20:568, to Martha Randolph, June 23, 1791; 20:297, to James Monroe, July 10, 1791;
PMC,
14:39, 46, to Jefferson, July 1 and 13, 1791; 14:51, from Edmund Randolph, July 21, 1791; Tucker, “Autobiography,” in
Life and Philosophy of George Tucker,
1:70.

43
.
PMC,
14:43, to Jefferson, July 10, 1791.

44
.
PMC,
14:73–74, from Lee, Aug. 24, 1791.

Chapter 10:
T
HE
S
PIRIT OF
P
ARTY

1
.
PWP,
9:111, to the U.S. Senate and House of Representatives, Oct. 25, 1791.

2
.
PMC,
14:86, “Address of the House of Representatives to the President,” Oct. 27, 1791; 14:183, from Lee, Jan. 8, 1792.

3
. Irwin and Sylla,
Founding Choices,
14–15; Haggard, MacIntyre, and Tiede, “Rule of Law and Economic Development,” 206–9, 213.

4
.
PMC,
14:193–94, to Lee, Jan. 21, 1792.

5
.
PMC,
14:245–46, “Republican Distribution of Citizens,”
National Gazette,
March 3, 1792; 14:258, “Fashion,”
National Gazette,
March 20, 1792.

6
.
PH,
10:267, 253, “Final Version of the Report on the Subject of Manufactures,” Dec. 5, 1791.

7
.
Annals,
2nd Cong., 1st sess., 388, Feb. 6, 1792;
PMC,
14:180, to Henry Lee, Jan. 1, 1792.

8
.
PMC,
14:263, to Pendleton, March 25, 1792; Elkins and McKitrick,
Age of Federalism,
278–79.

9
.
PMC,
14:274, “The Union: Who Are Its Real Friends?,”
National Gazette,
March 31, 1792.

10
.
PMC,
14:208, “Universal Peace,”
National Gazette,
Jan. 31, 1792;
Annals,
2nd Cong., 1st sess., 504, March 30, 1792;
PMC,
4:154n14, from Pendleton, April 15, 1782.

11
.
PH,
11:426–39, to Carrington, May 26, 1792.

12
.
PMC,
14:197, “Parties,”
National Gazette,
ca. Jan. 23, 1792.

13
.
PMC,
14:301–4, “Memorandum on a Discussion of the President’s Retirement,” May 5 and 9, 1792.

14
.
PH,
12:107, “T. L. No. 1,”
Gazette of the United States,
July 25, 1792; 12:124, 124–25n3, “T. L. No. 2,”
Gazette of the United States,
July 28, 1792; 12:159, “An American No. 1,”
Gazette of the United States,
Aug. 4, 1792.

15
.
PH,
12:191, “An American No. 2,”
Gazette of the United States,
Aug. 11, 1792; 12:394, “Catullus No. 2,”
Gazette of the United States,
Sept. 19, 1792; 12:160, “An American No. 1,”
Gazette of the United States,
Aug. 4, 1792.

16
. Brant,
Madison,
3:362;
PMC,
14:368–70, 387–92, for
Dunlap’s American Daily Advertiser,
Sept. 22 and Oct. 20, 1792.

17
. Marsh, “Freneau and Jefferson,” 187; Jefferson,
Complete
Anas,
159.

18
.
PMC,
14:370–72, “A Candid State of Parties,”
National Gazette,
Sept. 22, 1792.

19
. Kaminski,
George Clinton,
230–31;
PMC,
14:383–85, from Beckley, Oct. 17, 1792.

20
.
PMC,
14:421, to Pendleton, Dec. 6, 1792.

21
.
PMC,
14:384, from Beckley, Oct. 17, 1792.

22
.
PH,
21:258, “Printed Version of the Reynolds Pamphlet,” 1797;
Annals,
2nd Cong., 2nd sess., 836, Jan. 23, 1793;
PH,
14:34, “Report Relative to the Loans Negotiated Under the Acts of the Fourth and Twelfth of Aug. 1790,” Feb. 13–14, 1793;
PJ,
25:280–86, “Jefferson and the Giles Resolutions: Editorial Note.”

23
.
PJ,
25:284–88, “Jefferson and the Giles Resolutions: Editorial Note.”

24
. Jefferson,
Complete
Anas,
113–14;
PMC,
14:472, to George Nicholas, March 15, 1793.

25
. Elkins and McKitrick,
Age of Federalism,
265–66.

26
.
PMC,
15:4, to the Minister of the Interior of the French Republic, April 1793.

27
. Schama,
Citizens,
782–89;
PMC,
15:7, to Jefferson, April 12, 1793; Brackenridge,
Incidents of the Insurrection,
52.

28
. Elkins and McKitrick,
Age of Federalism,
335; Washington Irving,
Life of George Washington,
5:197–98;
PMC,
15:12, to Jefferson, May 8, 1793.

29
.
PWP,
12:472, “Neutrality Proclamation,” April 22, 1793;
PMC,
15:12, to Jefferson, May 8, 1793; 15:37, from Jefferson, June 23, 1793.

30
.
National Gazette,
June 1 and 5, 1793;
PMC,
15:33, to Jefferson, June 19, 1793; Leibiger,
Founding Friendship,
172;
PJ,
26:522–23, “Notes on James Cole Mountflorence and on Federalist Intrigues,” July 18, 1793.

31
. Elkins and McKitrick,
Age of Federalism,
360;
PH,
15:33, “Pacificus No. 1,” June 29, 1793.

32
.
PMC,
15:43, from Jefferson, July 7, 1793; 15:51, to Jefferson, Aug. 5, 1793.

33
.
PMC,
15:44, 48, to Jefferson, July 18 and 30, 1793; 15:56, from Jefferson, Aug. 11, 1793; 15:65, “Madison’s ‘Helvidius’ Essays: Editorial Note”; 15:94–95, to Jefferson, Sept. 2, 1793. Thanks to J. C. A. Stagg for pointing out the possibility that Madison’s pen name was a comment on the Washington administration.

34
.
PMC,
14:111, “Madison’s
National Gazette
Essays: Editorial Note”; Cunningham,
Jeffersonian Republicans,
69.