James Madison: A Life Reconsidered (61 page)

48
.
PMC,
1:46,
to Madison Sr., Sept. 30, 1769.

49
. “James Madison’s Autobiography,” 197;
PMC,
1:68, 69n1,
to Madison Sr., Oct. 9, 1771; De Coppet Collection, Madison to Delaplaine, memo, Sept. 1816; Devinsky,
Epilepsy,
61.

50
.
PMC,
1:194, from Samuel Stanhope Smith, Nov. 1777–Aug. 1778; Witherspoon, “Introductory Lecture on Divinity,” in
Works,
4:43, 47.

51
. Aristotle,
Problems II,
155; Hippocrates,
Medical Works,
179.

52
. Temkin,
Falling Sickness,
92, 221–23; Churchwell, “Epilepsy and Holy Orders in the Canonical Practice of the Western Church,” 67; Harle,
Historical Essay on the State of Physick,
22. The canon law of the Catholic Church, promulgated in 1918, maintained that those “who either are or have been epileptics, madmen, or possessed by a demon” could not be ordained. Churchwell, “Epilepsy and Holy Orders in the Canonical Practice of the Western Church,” 172. References to people with epilepsy and demoniacs were removed in 1983.

53
. De Coppet Collection, Madison to Delaplaine, memo, Sept. 1816; Vickers,
Coleridge and the Doctors,
134–43.

54
. Witherspoon Collection, “Titles of Volumes Once Belonging to President Witherspoon and Bought by the College from President Smith”; Tait,
Piety of John Witherspoon,
197; Clarke,
Paraphrase on the Four Evangelists,
1:115;
Catalogue of Books in the Library of the College of New Jersey,
26; Eadie and Bladin,
Disease Once Sacred,
85, 171.

55
.
PMC,
1:4–7, “Commonplace Book: Editorial Note”; 1:7, 13–14, “Commonplace Book,” 1759–1772; de Retz,
Memoirs,
2:307.

56
. Locke,
Some Familiar Letters,
280,
from Dr. Molyneux, Dec. 20, 1692;
PMC,
1:21,
“
Commonplace Book,” 1759–1772.

Chapter 2:
S
EASON OF
D
ISCONTENT

1
.
PMC,
1:74–75,
to Bradford, Nov. 9, 1772.

2
. Shane Collection, Presbyterian Historical Society, Madison Family Papers, Madison Sr. to Clay and Midgley, Aug. 4, 1770; Orange County Will Book 4, 56, “Inventory of the Estate of James Madison Deceased,” Sept. 1, 1801; Burkitt,
Expository Notes with Practical Observations,
37–38.

3
.
PMC,
1:52,
“
Notes on Commentary on the Bible,” 1770–1773; Burkitt,
Expository Notes with Practical Observations,
284.

4
.
PMC,
1:52–57, 59n18,
“
Notes on Commentary on the Bible,” 1770–1773.

5
.
PMC,
1:76, to Bradford, Nov. 9, 1772; “James Madison’s Autobiography,” 198; Orange County Will Book 4, 56–57, “Inventory of the Estate of James Madison Deceased.” Some of the books in the inventory were likely acquired after 1772; the ones discussed were all published long before.

6
. Todd,
Imagining Monsters,
1–7; Blondel,
Power of the Mother’s Imagination over the Foetus Examin’d,
xi, 40–42, 53–54.

7
. Temkin,
Falling Sickness,
229.

8
.
PMC,
1:80, from Bradford, March 1, 1773.

9
.
PMC,
1:84, to Bradford, April 28, 1773; Orange County Will Book 4, 56, “Inventory of the Estate of James Madison Deceased”; Wesley,
Primitive Physic,
iv, vii, ix.

10
. Wesley,
Primitive Physic,
x; Blondel,
Power of the Mother’s Imagination over the Foetus Examin’d,
95–96;
PMC,
1:84,
to Bradford, April 28, 1773. See also Cheyne,
Essay of Health and Long Life,
159.

11
.
PMC,
1:89, to Bradford, June 10, 1773; 1:86, from Bradford, May 27, 1773.

12
.
PMC,
1:96, to Bradford, Sept. 25, 1773.

13
. Little,
Imprisoned Preachers and Religious Liberty in Virginia,
163.

14
.
PMC,
1:106, 101, 112–13, to Bradford, Jan. 24, 1774, Dec. 1, 1773, and April 1, 1774; “James Madison’s Autobiography,” 198.

15
.
PMC,
1:105, to Bradford, Jan. 24, 1774.

16
. Walter Berns, “Religion and the Founding Principle,” in
Moral Foundations of the American Republic,
219–20; Jefferson,
Notes on the State of Virginia,
170; Meade,
Old Churches,
2:99–100.

17
. Witherspoon, “Lectures on Moral Philosophy,” in
Works,
3:395;
PMC,
14:427, for the
National Gazette,
Dec. 20, 1792; Hume,
Essays and Treatises on Several Subjects,
2:452.

18
. Hume,
Treatise of Human Nature,
269, 353; Ferling,
Leap in the Dark,
94–107.

19
.
PMC,
1:105, to Bradford, Jan. 24, 1774; Brant,
Madison,
1:137;
PMC,
1:101, to Bradford, Dec. 1, 1773.

20
. Force,
American Archives,
ser. 4, 1:350–51.

21
.
PMC,
1:121, to Bradford, Aug. 23, 1774; 1:126, from Bradford, Oct. 17, 1774.

22
.
PMC,
1:126, from Bradford, Oct. 17, 1774; 1:145 and n8, to Bradford, May 9, 1775; 1:131, 133n1, from Bradford, Jan. 4, 1775; 1:160, to Bradford, July 28, 1775.

23
.
PMC,
1:131, from Bradford, Jan. 4, 1775; 1:129, 135, to Bradford, Nov. 26, 1774, and Jan. 20, 1775.

24
.
PMC,
1:135, to Bradford, Jan. 20, 1775;
Naval Documents of the American Revolution,
1:204;
PMC,
1:144, to Bradford, May 9, 1775; Wirt,
Sketches of the Life and Character of Patrick Henry,
141–42.

25
. Wirt,
Sketches of the Life and Character of Patrick Henry,
149–61.

26
. Brant,
Madison,
1:180;
PMC,
1:147 and n1, “Address to Captain Patrick Henry and the Gentlemen Independents of Hanover,” May 9, 1775;
PMC,
1:145, to Bradford, May 9, 1775. Strengthening the case that Madison wrote the address is the fact that he referred readers of his autobiography to it: “James Madison’s Autobiography,” 199.

27
.
PMC,
1:152, 162n11, to Bradford, June 19 and July 28, 1775.

28
.
PWR,
1:3, to Martha Washington, June 18, 1775.

29
. Ferling,
Leap in the Dark,
146.

30
. Brant,
Madison,
1:162–63; Crary, “Tory and the Spy.”

31
.
PMC,
1:161, to Bradford, July 28, 1775.

32
. Eckenrode,
Revolution in Virginia,
50–54; “Williamsburg—the Old Colonial Capital,” 49; Theobald, “Monstrous Absurdity”; “Magazine,” Colonial Williamsburg, http://www.history.org/almanack/places/hb/hbmag.cfm;
PMC,
1:153, to Bradford, June 19, 1775.

33
.
PMC,
1:153, to Bradford, June 19, 1775; Alexander Purdie,
Virginia Gazette,
Nov. 24, 1775; Olmert,
Official Guide to Colonial Williamsburg,
92; Selby,
Revolution in Virginia,
57–58;
PWR,
2:611, to Richard Henry Lee, Dec. 26, 1775.

34
. Pybus,
Epic Journeys of Freedom,
18–20.

35
.
PMC,
1:153, to Bradford, June 19, 1775.

36
. John Hughlings Jackson,
Selected Writings,
1:390, 399; Devinsky,
Epilepsy,
19, 31.

37
.
PMS,
1:394, to Wilson Cary Nicholas, July 10, 1801;
PMC,
3:10, from the Reverend James Madison, March 9, 1781; Devinsky,
Epilepsy,
19–20; De Coppet Collection, Madison to Delaplaine, memo, Sept. 1816; Devinsky to author, e-mail, Sept. 22, 2013.

38
. “James Madison’s Autobiography,” 199; Rives Papers, George Tucker, untitled memoir of James Madison.

39
. Paine,
Common Sense,
36–37.

40
. Ibid., 24.

41
. Ibid., 19–20.

Chapter 3:
G
REAT
M
EN

1
. Ketcham,
Madison,
63.

2
. Grigsby,
Virginia Convention of 1776,
19n, 15; “Edmund Randolph’s Essay on the Revolutionary History of Virginia,”
VMHB,
April 1935, 126–27; Charles D. Lowery, “Edmund Pendleton,” in
James Madison and the American Nation,
335.

3
. Grigsby,
Virginia Convention of 1776,
76–78; McCullough,
1776,
40–41; “Edmund Randolph’s Essay on the Revolutionary History of Virginia,”
VMHB,
Oct. 1935, 308.

4
. Wirt,
Sketches of the Life and Character of Patrick Henry,
23–33; “Edmund Randolph’s Essay on the Revolutionary History of Virginia,”
VMHB,
April 1935, 120, and Oct. 1935, 308.

5
. Selby,
Revolution in Virginia,
95–97; Grigsby,
Virginia Convention of 1776,
17–18.

6
. “Edmund Randolph’s Essay on the Revolutionary History of Virginia,”
VMHB,
Jan. 1936, 42–43.

7
. Selby,
Revolution in Virginia,
97; Alexander Purdie,
Virginia Gazette,
May 17, 1776.

8
. Rowland,
Life of George Mason,
1:226, 204–5.

9
. Ibid., 226.

10
.
PMC,
1:173, “Committee’s Proposed Article on Religion,” May 27–28, 1776; Locke,
Works,
5:5–58.

11
. Brant,
Madison,
1:247–48; Ketcham,
Madison,
72–73;
PMC,
1:173, “Committee’s Proposed Article on Religion”;
PMC,
1:174–75, “Article on Religion Adopted by Convention,” June 12, 1776.

12
.
PJ,
1:133, “Draft of Instructions to the Virginia Delegates in the Continental Congress,” July 1774.

13
. “Edmund Randolph’s Essay on the Revolutionary History of Virginia,”
VMHB,
Jan. 1936, 43–44.

14
. LC-TJ, to Augustus B. Woodward, April 3, 1825; in notes,
PJ,
1:384–85, “The Constitution as Adopted by the Convention,” the editors make the case that Jefferson underestimated how much his draft influenced the constitution of Virginia.

15
.
PMC,
8:77, “Notes for a Speech Favoring Revision of the Virginia Constitution of 1776,” June 14 or 21, 1784.

16
.
PJ,
1:354,
“
Second Draft by Jefferson,” before June 13, 1776;
PMC,
10:17, “The Virginia Plan,” May 29, 1787.

17
. Alexander Purdie,
Virginia Gazette,
Oct. 11, 1776.

18
. Alexander Purdie,
Virginia Gazette,
Oct. 18, 1776; Brant,
Madison,
1:298; Ketcham,
Madison,
75.

19
. Jefferson,
Autobiography,
50–53; LC-JM, to Samuel H. Smith, Nov. 4, 1826.

20
. Alexander Purdie,
Virginia Gazette,
Dec. 20, 1776, supp., and Dec. 27, 1776; Tyler,
Patrick Henry,
203–4.

21
. Thomas, “Politics in Colonial Orange County,” 5, 8–9; Rives,
Life and Times of James Madison,
1:180–81.

22
. Brant,
Madison,
1:316.

23
.
PMC,
1:216, “Session of Virginia Council of State,” Jan. 14, 1778; 1:219–21, “Patrick Henry in Council to Virginia Delegates in Congress,” Jan. 20, 1778.

24
.
PMC,
1:216–17, “Session of Virginia Council of State,” Jan. 14, 1778;
Official Letters of the Governors of the State of Virginia,
1:227–29, Henry to Gálvez, Jan. 14, 1778.

25
. Lowell H. Harrison,
George Rogers Clark and the War in the West,
5–17; Selby,
Revolution in Virginia,
189–203.

26
. Brant,
Madison,
1:343–44, 348;
PMC,
1:285, 287nn2–3, from Mazzei, June 13, 1779.

27
. Brant,
Madison,
1:349;
PMC,
7:421, to Jefferson, Feb. 17, 1784; 8:15, from Jefferson, March 16, 1784.

28
. Rives,
Life and Times of James Madison,
1:190; Brant,
Madison,
1:326–27;
PMC,
8:9, to Jefferson, March 16, 1784.

29
. Jefferson,
Autobiography,
55.

30
. Selby,
Revolution in Virginia,
197;
Republic of Letters,
1:74–76, “Order Placing Lieutenant Governor Henry Hamilton of Detroit and Others in Irons,” June 16, 1779; 1:79, 89–90, to Washington, June 19 and July 17, 1779.

31
.
PJ,
3:61, from Washington, Aug. 6, 1779.

32
.
PMC,
1:222–23, to Madison Sr., Jan. 23, 1778; Randall,
Life of Thomas Jefferson,
2:326n; John Clarkson and Augustine Davis
, Virginia Gazette,
Oct. 30, 1779;
PMC,
1:298, to Madison Sr., June 25, 1779.

33
.
Republic of Letters,
1:52; Randall,
Life of Thomas Jefferson,
1:68.

34
. Rives Papers, Edward Coles to Hugh Grigsby, Dec. 23, 1854; Randall,
Life of Thomas Jefferson,
2:326n.

35
. Coolidge Correspondence, letters from Ellen Coolidge to Henry S. Randall, 37;
PMC,
1:105–6, to Bradford, Jan. 24, 1774; Peterson,
Thomas Jefferson and the New Nation,
266.

36
. Malone,
Jefferson,
1:216; Jefferson,
Autobiography,
25;
PMC,
12:466, to Washington, Jan. 4, 1790.