It Began with Babbage (76 page)

subroutine
140
–
143
,
151
,
152
,
153
,
154
,
193
,
203

subroutine library
142
,
151
,
255

subroutine linkage editor
203

subschema
115

Sumner, F.H.
263
n

supervisory program
255
,
257

Sussenguth, E.H.
224
n

Swade, D.
16
n

switch
90

switching circuit theory and design
65
,
66
,
95
,
96
,
160
,
165

symbol
1
,
35
,
46
,
50
–
56
,
134
,
135

symbol processing
1
,
2
,
3
,
8
,
21
,
35
,
41
,
50
–
56
,
134
,
145
,
150
,
158
,
228
,
233
,
235
,
283

Symbol Processing Model (SPM) of cognition
233
,
234

symbol structure
4
,
29
,
35
,
135
,
235
,
236

symbol system
143
,
233

symbolic artifact
270

symbolic language
151
,
169
,
191

symbolic logic
229

symbolic representation
6
,
8
,
143
,
153
,
158
,
202

symbolic variable
65

Symposium on Automatic Programming for Digital Computers (Washington, DC)
194

Symposium on Large-Scale Digital Calculating Machines (Harvard)
128
,
140

synapses
159
–
161

synchronous system
78
,
90
,
268

syntactic analysis
214

syntactic category
214
,
272

syntactic correctness
193
,
210
,
214
,
246

syntactic rule
139
,
210
,
213
,
246

Syntactic Structures
211
,
246

syntax
135
,
139
,
199
,
201
,
206
,
209
–
214
,
215
,
216
,
235
,
236
,
249
,
272

syntax analysis
248

Syntax and Semantics of the Proposed Algebraic language of the Zurich ACM-GAMM Conference
209

system program
64
,
146
,
255

system programmer
145

system software
255
,
257

table search (lookup)
71
,
85

tabulating
31
,
32
,
33

Tabulating Machine Company
33

tabulating system
42
n
,
68
,
73
,
134
,
149

tabulator
34
,
35
,
68
,
94

Tagore, R.
157
,
174
n

tallying
30
,
31

tape memory
256

tape recorder
117

Taub, A.H.
146
n
,
174
n

Technische Hochschule Berlin
74

Technische Universiteit Eindhoven (THE)
265
,
268

technological complexity
63
,
90
,
91

technological evolution
63

technological knowledge
151

technological system
260

Telecommunications Research Establishment (TRE), Malvern
123

telephone network
60
,
61

teleprinter
125

teletype apparatus
62
,
63

terminal symbol
214

testing
183

textile machinery
20

THE Multiprogramming System
268
–
269

The Third Man
57

theorem
229

theorem proving
230

theoretical computer science
56
,
162
,
181

theory
86
,
87
,
96
,
109
,
120
,
126
,
127
,
151
,
183
,
201
,
281

Theory of Algorithms
252

theory of computing
245
,
281

theory of evolution
29
,
116

Theory of Games and Economic Behavior
108

theory of problem solving
234

theory of programming languages
211

thinking machine
40
,
167
,
172
–
174

Thomas J. Watson Astronomical Computing Bureau
68
,
71
,
74

Thompson Publications
280

Thompson, V.A.
238
n

Thomson, J.J.
57

Thomson, W. (Lord Kelvin)
82
,
105
n

thought
158
,
234

thought experiment
234

thought process
282

Time Sharing Computer Systems
280

time sharing system
257
,
260

timing diagrams
22

Toole, B.
27
n

top down programming
267
–
269

topology
49

Torres y Quevedo, L.
39
–
41
,
42
n
,
162
,
167
,
234
,
292

total correctness of a program
271

transcendental function
18
,
69
,
70

transcreation
138

transistor circuit
243

translation
138
,
145
,
147
n
,
169
–
171

Traub, J.F.
279
,
285
n

trial and error
225

trigonometric function
29
,
63
,
69
,
70
,
112

Trinity College, Cambridge
10
,
142

triode circuit
243

Trowbridge, W.P.
30

truth value
64

Tucker, S.G.
262
n

Tukey, J.
165

Turanski, W.
205

Turing award
48

Turing computability
54
,
77

Turing machine
4
,
51
–
56
,
79
,
87
,
88
,
134
,
181
,
206
,
214
,
245
,
278
,
281

Turing test
172
–
174
,
234

Turing thesis
56

Turing, A.M.
47
–
58
,
59
n
,
76
,
77
,
78
,
79
,
87
,
112
,
113
,
117
,
118
–
119
,
120
,
129
,
131
n
,
134
,
141
,
147
n
,
150
,
154
,
162
,
165
,
169
,
171
–
174
,
176
n
,
177
n
,
181
,
192
,
206
,
229
,
234
,
245
,
250
,
270
,
271
,
276
n
,
278
,
292

Tutte, W.
77

Ulam, S.M.
130
n

Ullman, J.D.
245
,
261
n
,
263
n

ultrasonic memory
110
,
184
,
187
n

Uncertainty Principle (Heisenberg)
47

unconditional branch
208

undecidability
47
,
57

unification
163

United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)
207

UNIVAC
1
185

UNIVAC 1103
185

Universal Automatic Computer (UNIVAC)
178
,
185
,
203

universal computing
28
,
29
,
54
–
55
,
79
,
125

universal decision maker
228

universal host machine
186

universal language
171
,
205
,
206
,
215
,
216

universal laws
6
,
7
,
163
,
284

universal Turing machine
54
–
55
,
79
,
115
,
117
,
154
,
164

universality as a scientific ideal
205
,
206

Universidad Politécnica de Madrid
39

University of Amsterdam
265

University of Bologna
241

University of Cambridge
119
,
120
,
149

University of Chicago
72
,
226

University of Dublin
65

University of Edinburgh
79

University of Göttingen
44

University of Illinois
235

University of Leyden
265

University of Manchester
78
,
119
,
120
,
123
,
149
,
178
,
241
,
258

University of Manchester Institute of Science & Technology
viii

University of Michigan
91
,
193

University of Paris
241

University of Pennsylvania
89
,
93

University of Toronto
241

unsolvability
55
,
57

Uranus College
24

U.S. Army
63
,
74

U.S. Bureau of Census
30

U.S. Navy
70
,
74

U.S. Navy Bureau of Ordinance
128

U.S. Patent Office
30

Use of High Speed Vacuum Tube Devices for Calculating
(Mauchly)
97

user interface
28
,
38

Usher, A.P.
43
n

vacuum tube technology
66
,
73
,
75
,
77
,
90
,
95
,
100
,
109
,
116
,
118
,
161
,
163
,
243

value judgment
116

valve
78

Van Horn, E.C.
263
n

van Wijngaarden, A.
223
n
,
224
n

Vassar College
69

Vauquois, B.
223
n

vector data type
218

verifier
34
,
35

Vienna Definition Language (VDL)
273

virtual address space
258

virtual machine
136
,
167
,
194
,
250

virtual memory
258
–
259
,
260
,
269

virtual process
268

Voltaire
24

von Eckerdt, B.
240
n

von Neumann, J.
58
,
91
,
102
,
108
–
113
,
115
,
118
,
121
,
130
n
,
131
n
,
133
n
,
135
–
139
,
143
,
147
n
,
150
,
161
,
162
,
164
–
165
,
167
,
174
n
,
175
n
,
176
n
,
178
,
179
,
181
,
190
,
191
,
196
,
225
,
228
,
234
,
238
n
,
241
,
250
,
271
,
278
,
292

von Neumann's first computer program
136
–
137
,
144

Walk, K.
276
n

walk-through
22

Wallace, A.R.
13
,
29

Wallace, D.B.
285
n

Warren, S.R.
130
n

water clock
40

Watson, T.J. Sr.
33
,
68
,
292