It Began with Babbage (72 page)

instruction
112
,
136
,
137
,
138
,
142
,
145
,
153
,
181
,
182

instruction sequence
182
,
183

instruction set
123
,
186

integer
192

integer arithmetic
193

integrated circuit
243

integration
92
,
96
,
103

integrator
100

intellectual history
282
,
283

intellectual tradition
vii
,
1
,
24
,
165
,
242

intelligent machine
169
,
234

Intelligent Machinery
172

interdisciplinarity
166

intermediate machine
194

International Business Machine Corporation (IBM)
33
,
34
,
68
,
69
,
87
,
136
,
195
,
215
,
221
n

International Computers and Tabulators (ICT)
33

International Computers Limited (ICL)
33

International Congress of Mathematicians
44
,
45

International Federation for Information Processing (IFIP)
207
,
215

International Standards Organization (ISO)
204

interpolation
62
,
63

interpretation
55

interpreter
151
,
154
,
203
,
219
,
272
–
273

interpretive language
195
,
219
,
238

interpretive routine
153
,
154

interrupt mechanism
256

Introduction to Mathematical Philosophy
(Russell)
48

invention
12
,
13
,
15
,
29
,
102
,
119
,
143
,
149
,
158
,
181
,
185
,
186
,
225

inventionhood
102
,
141

Iowa State College (Iowa State University)
94

IRE Transactions on Electronic Computers
280

is versus ought
116
,
151

iteration (repetition)
21
,
69
,
99
,
137
,
138
,
139
,
193
,
199
,
218

Iverson, K.E.
42
n
,
146
n
,
148
n
,
156
n
,
216
–
219
,
224
n
,
280
,
290

Jacopo di Dondi
40

Jacquard loom
20
,
21
,
29
,
36

Jacquard, J.-M.
20
,
29
,
36
,
290

Janus
134

Jeffress, L.A.
174
n

Jevons, W.S.
65

Jodeit, J.G.
263
n

JOHNNIAC computer
236

Jones, C.B.
276
n

Jones, J.C.
27
n
,
147
n

Journal of the ACM
129
,
280

Juley, J.
80
n

Kasami, T.
223
n

Katz, C.
222
n

Kekulé, F.A. von
10

Kelvin (Lord)
92

Keynes, J.M.
49

keypunch
32
,
34

Kilburn, T.
123
–
124
,
132
n
,
149
,
150
,
162
,
184
,
187
n
,
258
,
259
,
263
n
,
290

King's College, Cambridge
48
,
49
,
57
,
119
,
120

Kleene, S.C.
261
n

know-how knowledge
151

know-that knowledge
151

knowledge
151

Knuth, D.E.
136
,
146
n
,
147
n
,
192
,
193
,
195
,
219
n
,
220
n
,
221
n
,
251
–
253
,
261
n
,
262
n
,
263
n
,
281
,
290

Koestler, A.
181
,
188
n
,
196

Kohavi, Z.
261
n

Koopmans, T.C.
238
n

Koster, C.H.A.
224
n

Kuhn, T.S.
83
,
84
,
88
n
,
91
,
114
,
119
,
131
n
,
146
,
242
,
249
,
259
,
262
n
,
264
n
,
278
,
285
n
,
290

laboratory society
57

LaCapra, D.
285
n

Lachman, J.L.
240
n

Lachman, R.
240
n

Lakatos, I.
88
n

Lake, C.D.
69
,
73
,
290

Lamarckian evolution
127

Landes, D.S.
43
n

Landin, P.J.
272
,
290

Langdon, G.G., Jr.
175
n
,
261
n

language
136
,
170
,
193
,
203
,
212
,
217
,
246

language design
190
,
196
,
197
,
200
,
204
,
216

language genus
198

language theory
280

language translator
145
,
197

Lanigan, M.J.
263
n

Laning, H.
195
,
196
,
203
,
220
n

Laplace, Comte de
24

Lardner, D.
15
,
290

Larson, E. (Judge)
102
,
107
n

Lashley, K.
162

Latin
203

Laudan, L.
88
n
,
188
n

Lavington, S.H.
viii
,
132
n
,
133
n
,
149
,
155
n
,
187
n
,
220
n
,
261
n

law of recapitulation
99

laws of physics
49
–
50
,
134
,
243

laws of science
151

Le Bourgois Gentilhomme
226

Lee, J.A.N.
221
n
,
262
n

Leibniz, G.W.
9
,
13
,
24
,
38
,
290

Leibniz's theme
9
,
10
,
31

Lennard-Jones, J.
121

levels of abstraction
135

levels of description
206

Lewis, P.M. II
263
n

Lexeme
248

lexical analysis
247
–
248
,
249

library science
281

liminal artifact
4
,
8
,
134
,
141
,
142
,
145
,
196
,
201
,
219
,
234
,
242
,
250
,
253
,
255
,
281

liminality
8
n
,
134
,
136
,
141
,
146

Lindsay, C.H.
224
n

linear equation
63
,
94
,
95
,
96
,
103

linguistic universals
171

linguistcs
211
,
214

LISP programming language
236
–
238
,
255
,
272

List data structure
236

List processing language
236

literal (constant)
75

Little Science
196
,
220
n

loader
145
,
151
,
153
,
203

logarithmic function
63
,
112

logarithmic method of multiplication
37

logarithms
10
,
29
,
37

logic design
243
,
244
,
281

logic diagrams
22

Logic Theorist (LT)
229
–
234
,
235
,
236
,
270

logical connective
231

logical design
111
,
112
,
180
,
250

logical value
64

logical variable
65

London Mathematical Society
117
,
141

long-term memory
124

look-ahead strategy
168

Los Alamos National Laboratory
109
,
113

Lovejoy, A.E.
41
n
,
282
,
285
n

Lovelace, A.A., Countess of
18
,
19
,
21
,
24
–
25
,
26
n
,
27
n
,
36
,
38
,
41
,
48
,
65
,
70
,
85
,
137
,
138
,
158
,
173
,
190
,
194
,
252
,
290

Lowes, J.L.
16
n

Lucas, K.
276
n

Ludgate, P.
35
–
38
,
40
,
42
n
,
54
,
290

Lyell, C.
111

Lyons, J.
223
n

MacCullum, I.R.
262
n

machine code
194
,
195
,
196
,
197
,
201
,
206
,
260

machine cognition
232

machine culture
138
,
169

machine description language
218

machine independent programming language
192
,
196
,
201
,
205
,
216
,
247

machine intelligence
234

machine language
170
,
190
,
201
,
202

machine learning
173
,
235

machine state
51
,
244

machine translation
169
–
171

Maeir, C.
147
n

magnetic tape
141

magnetophone
117

Mailloux, B.J.
224
n

main memory
137

maintainability
181

Mallach, E.
187
n

Manchester Atlas computer
249
,
257
–
258

Manchester Mark I
124
–
126
,
127
,
129
,
134
,
145
,
149
,
166
,
178
,
195
,
196
,
202
,
241
,
278

Mandler, G.
131
n

Manhattan Project
109
,
113

Mantissa
82
n

Markov, A.A.
252

Marquise du Chatêlet
24

Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
30
,
92
,
182
,
185
,
195
,
211
,
234
,
259

Master Programming Unit (ENIAC)
98
,
99
,
135

matching
35

material artifact
3
,
8
,
21
,
29
,
85
,
111
,
117
,
127
,
134
,
145
,
219
,
245
,
253
,
255
,
269
,
281

mathematical computation
31
,
32
,
69
,
129
,
194

mathematical culture
138
,
169

mathematical discovery
225

mathematical knowledge
45

Mathematical Laboratory, Cambridge
120
,
129
,
141

mathematical logic
65

mathematical machine
18
,
19
,
29
,
49
,
87
,
90