From Colony to Superpower: U.S. Foreign Relations Since 1776 (201 page)

71
. Hull to Harold Ickes, November 13, 1943, Department of State,
Foreign Relations of the United States, 1943,
vol. 4 (Washington, 1964), 941.

72
. William Eddy to Hull, September 7, 1944,
Foreign Relations of the United States, 1944,
vol. 6 (Washington, 1967), 734–36.

73
. James Moose to State Department, August 2, 1944, William Culbertson Papers, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress, Washington, DC.

74
. FDR to WSC, March 3, 1944, WSC to FDR, March 4, 1944, in Kimball,
Churchill-Roosevelt Correspondence
3:14, 17.

75
. David Holden and Richard Johns,
The House of Saud
(New York, 1981), 139–40.

76
. James L. Gormly, "Keeping the Door Open in Saudi Arabia: The United States and the Dhahran Airfield, 1945–1946,"
Diplomatic History
4 (Spring 1980), 189–205.

77
. Mark Hamilton Lytle,
The Origins of the Iranian-American Alliance, 1941–1953
(New York, 1987), 59.

78
. James A. Bill,
The Eagle and the Lion: The Tragedy of Iranian-American Relations
(New Haven, Conn., 1988), 19.

79
. Lytle,
Iranian-American Alliance,
103–17.

80
. Bill,
Eagle and Lion,
26.

81
. Lytle,
Iranian-American Alliance,
60.

82
. Yergin,
Prize,
405–8; Lytle,
Iranian-American Alliance,
120–22.

83
. David Schoenbaum,
The United States and the State of Israel
(New York, 1993), 25.

84
. Dallek,
Roosevelt and American Foreign Policy,
446–48; Kennedy,
Freedom from Fear,
794–97. David S. Wyman,
The Abandonment of the Jews: America and the Holocaust, 1941–1945
(New York, 1998) provides a strong critique of U.S. policy. Michael C. Desch, "The Myth of the Abandonment: The Use and Abuse of the Holocaust Analogy,"
Security Studies
15 (January–March 2006), 16–23, offers a persuasive response.

85
. Schoenbaum,
United States and Israel,
25.

86
. Matthew Wayne Coulter, "The Joint Anglo-American Statement on Palestine,"
Historian
54 (Spring 1992), 469.

87
. Thomas M. Campbell and George C. Herring, eds.,
The Diaries of Edward R. Stettinius, Jr., 1943–1946
(New York, 1975), 170, 174.

88
. Holden and Johns,
House of Saud,
137–40; Rachel Bronson,
Thicker than Oil: America's Uneasy Partnership with Saudi Arabia
(New York, 2006), 38–42.

89
. Brenda Gayle Plummer,
Rising Wind: Black Americans and U.S. Foreign Affairs
(Chapel Hill, N.C., 1996), 87–100.

90
. Campbell and Herring,
Stettinius Diaries,
40.

91
. For the Casablanca encounter, see Kimball,
Forged,
192–93; FDR's views on colonialism are discussed in Kimball,
Juggler,
127–31; the "pitiless publicity" quote is from 145.

92
. Ibid., 132–40.

93
. Stimson Diary, April 22, 1942; Kimball,
Juggler,
136.

94
. Kenton J. Clymer, "The Education of William Phillips: Self-Determination and American Policy Toward India, 1942–1945,"
Diplomatic History
8 (Winter 1984), 29.

95
. Ibid., 34.

96
. Mark Philip Bradley,
Imagining Vietnam and America: The Making of Postcolonial Vietnam, 1919–1950
(Chapel Hill, N.C., 2000), 81.

97
. Smith,
American Diplomacy,
80.

98
. Stimson Diary, April 17, 1945.

99
. Kimball,
Juggler,
153–57.

100
. Herbert Feis,
The China Tangle
(New York, 1965).

101
. Warren I. Cohen,
America's Response to China: An Interpretative History of Sino-American Relations
(New York, 1972), 162.

102
. Michael Schaller,
The United States and China in the Twentieth Century
(New York, 1990), 74–80.

103
. Theodore White, ed.,
The Stilwell Papers
(New York, 1948), 171.

104
. Schaller,
United States and China,
84.

105
. Barbara W. Tuchman,
Stilwell and the American Experience in China
,
1941–1945
(New York, 1971), 116.

106
. February 19, 1943.

107
. Stimson Diary, November 4, 1943.

108
. Dallek,
Roosevelt and American Foreign Policy,
485–502.

109
. Schaller,
United States and China,
102–3.

110
. Frederick Kevin Simon, "The United States Observer Group in Yenan: A Venture in Sino-American Relations, 1944–1945" (M.A. thesis, University of Kentucky, 1977),
chapter 2
.

111
. Schaller,
United States and China,
103–4.

112
. Lloyd C. Gardner,
Economic Aspects of New Deal Diplomacy
(Madison, Wisc., 1964), 287.

113
. Alfred E. Eckes Jr.,
A Search for Solvency: Bretton Woods and the International Monetary System, 1941–1971
(Austin, Tex., 1975), 135–64.

114
. Robert A. Divine,
Second Chance: The Triumph of Internationalism in America During World War II
(New York, 1967), 78–81, 103–5, 124–27, 170–71, 177.

115
. Stoler,
Allies and Adversaries,
144.

116
. Ibid., 61, 190–200; Michael Sherry,
Preparing for the Next War: America Plans for Postwar Defense, 1941–1945
(New Haven, Conn., 1977), 52–54.

117
. W. Averell Harriman and Elie Abel,
Special Envoy to Churchill and Stalin 1941–1946
(New York, 1975), 338–49.

118
. Smith,
American Diplomacy,
145.

119
. Stoler,
Allies and Adversaries,
215.

120
. Warren F. Kimball,
Swords or Ploughshares? The Morgenthau Plan for Defeated Nazi Germany
(New York, 1976), 96.

121
. Campbell and Herring,
Stettinius Diaries,
214.

122
. Kimball,
Juggler,
100.

123
. Ibid., 102–69; Kimball, "Bomb and the Special Relationship," 39–41.

124
. Sherwood,
Roosevelt and Hopkins,
870.

125
. George C. Herring, "Yalta as Cold War Metaphor," in F. Kevin Simon, ed.,
The David A. Sayre History Symposium: Collected Lectures, 1985–1989
(Lexington, Ky., 1991), 121.

126
. John L. Snell et al,
The Meaning of Yalta: Big Three Diplomacy and the Balance of Power
(Baton Rouge, La., 1956), 105, 113.

127
. Smith,
American Diplomacy,
151.

128
. Dallek,
Roosevelt and American Foreign Policy,
515.

129
. Quoted in Kimball,
Juggler,
177.

130
. Stalin to FDR, April 3, 1945, FDR to Stalin, April 5, 1945, in Ministry of Foreign Affairs, USSR,
Correspondence Between the Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR and the Presidents of the United States and the Prime Ministers of Great Britain During the Great Patriotic War of 1941–1945
(2 vols., New York, 1965), 2:205–8.

131
. John Lewis Gaddis,
The United States and the Origins of the Cold War
(New York, 1972) and Alonzo L. Hamby,
Beyond the New Deal: Harry S. Truman and American Liberalism
(New York, 1973) make this argument.

132
. Daniel Yergin,
Shattered Peace: The Origins of the Cold War and the National Security State
(New York, 1977) and Dianne Shaver Clemens,
Yalta
(New York, 1970) take this position.

133
. Waldo Heinrichs,
Threshold of War: Franklin D. Roosevelt and American Entry into World War II
(New York, 1988), 46.

134
. John Morton Blum, ed.,
The Price of Vision: The Diary of Henry A. Wallace, 1942–1946
(Boston, 1973), 313.

135
. Berle and Jacobs,
Navigating the Rapids,
526–27.

136
. Alonzo L. Hamby,
Man of the People: A Life of Harry S. Truman
(New York, 1999), 293.

137
. Ibid., 266–68.

138
. Herring,
Aid to Russia,
198–99.

139
. Ibid., 203–11.

140
. Yergin,
Shattered Peace
and Gar Alperovitz,
Atomic Diplomacy—Hiroshima and Potsdam: The Use of the Atomic Bomb and the Confrontation with U.S. Power
(rev. ed., New York, 1985) contend that Truman reversed FDR's policy of cooperation.

141
. Divine,
Second Chance,
295–97.

142
. Herring,
Aid to Russia,
195–96.

143
. Martin J. Sherwin,
A World Destroyed: The Atomic Bomb and the Grand Alliance
(New York, 1977), 223–24.

144
. Excellent introductions to the ongoing controversy on the use of the atomic bomb are J. Samuel Walker, "The Decision to Use the Bomb: A Historiographical Update," in Michael J. Hogan, ed.,
Hiroshima in History
(New York, 1996), 11–37, and "Recent Literature on Truman's Atomic Bomb Decision: A Search for Middle Ground,"
Diplomatic History
29 (April 2007), 311–34.

145
. Richard B. Frank,
Downfall: The End of the Japanese Empire
(New York, 1999), 132–33, 139–48, 194–95, 243–45, 338–40.

146
. J. Samuel Walker,
Prompt and Utter Destruction: Truman and the Use of Atomic Bombs Against Japan
(Chapel Hill, N.C., 2004), 75.

147
. Ibid., 60.

148
. John W. Dower,
War Without Mercy: Race and Power in the Pacific War
(New York, 1986), 54, 142.

149
. Ibid., 300; Walker,
Prompt and Utter Destruction,
96.

150
. Tsuyoshi Hasegawa,
Racing the Enemy: Stalin, Truman and the Surrender of Japan
(Cambridge, Mass., 2005), 154–65.

151
. Frank,
Downfall,
272, 293–94, stresses the bombs; Hasegawa's
Racing the Enemy
emphasizes Soviet intervention.

152
. Walker,
Prompt and Utter Destruction,
77.

153
. Sadao Asado, "The 'Shock' of the Atomic Bomb and Japan's Decision to Surrender—A Reconsideration,"
Pacific Historical Review
67 (November 1998), 498.

154
. Kennedy,
Three Cities,
2.

155
. Lytle,
Iranian-American Alliance,
1.

156
. Walter LaFeber, ed.,
The Origins of the Cold War
(New York, 1971), 28–30.

157
. Richard H. Pells,
The Liberal Mind in a Conservative Age
(New York, 1985), 12–13.

1
. Dean Acheson,
Present at the Creation: My Years in the State Department
(New York, 1969), xvi.

2
. Thomas G. Paterson,
On Every Front: The Making of the Cold War
(New York, 1979), 1–21. The Murphy quote is from p. 3, Lane from p. 7. See also Tony Judt,
Postwar: A History of Europe Since 1945
(New York, 2005), 13–40, and John Dower,
Embracing Defeat: Japan in the Wake of World War II
(New York, 1999), 21–45.

3
. Raymond F. Betts,
Decolonization
(London and New York, 1998), 26.

4
. Paterson,
On Every Front,
13; Charles S. Maier, ed.,
The Cold War in Europe: Era of a Divided Continent
(New York, 1991), 3–17.