Everyone Is African (27 page)

Khoisan,
38
,
134
–
39
,
149

King, Martin Luther, Jr.,
10
,
59
,
75

KITLG
gene and variants,
69
–
70
,
71
–
72

Korea,
147

Korean Peninsula,
86
,
87

lactose intolerance,
93
–
95

lactose persistence,
94
–
95

Latino,
146

LCT
gene and variants,
93
,
94

Lebensborn program,
18
–
19

Lewontin, Richard,
20
–
23
,
35
,
115
,
116

Lincoln, Abraham,
59

Lincoln Memorial,
59

Linnaeus, Carolus,
48

Linné, Carl von.
See
Linnaeus, Carolus

Loving, Richard,
13

Loving v. Virginia
,
13
,
14
,
19
,
147

malaria,
52
,
78
–
82
,
90
,
91

malignant melanoma,
64
,
84
,
85
,
154

Mandela, Nelson,
139

Mappa mundi,
47

Masai,
20

Maya,
144

Mbenga,
21

Mbuti,
21

MC1R
gene and variants,
68
,
73

MC1R
gene and variants in Neanderthals,
73

Mediterranean region,
79
,
91
,
133

melanin biosynthesis pathway,
65
–
66

melanins,
64
–
67
,
73

metformin,
99

Michelangelo,
27

Middle East,
25
,
29
,
30
,
33
,
38
,
40
,
48
,
50
,
132
,
133
,
136
,
139
,
140
,
147

migrations,
11
,
20
,
24
,
29
,
30
,
33
–
35
,
37
–
39
,
41
,
51
–
53
,
55
,
62
,
69
,
75
,
87
,
89
,
106
,
130
–
34
,
137
,
140
,
142
–
49
,
155
,
156

Mismeasure of Man
,
69
,
103
,
104
,
123

missing heritability.
See
heritability, missing

mitochondrial DNA.
See
DNA, mitochondrial

mitochondrial Eve,
41
–
43

mitochondrial haplogroups.
See
DNA, mitochondrial haplogroups

Mongol Empire,
132

multiple origins hypothesis,
29

Murray, Charles,
104
–
9
,
115
,
118
–
20

muscular dystrophy,
92
,
93

mutation,
32
,
33
,
36
,
40
,
42
,
51
,
53
,
55
,
60
,
61
,
63
,
65
,
66
,
69
–
73
,
79
,
80
,
83
,
89
,
131
,
153

Myers, Simon,
131

NANOG
gene and variants,
49
,
50
,
52

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (N
AA
CP),
93
,
97

National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) and sickle cell trait,
80
–
81

National Sickle Cell Anemia Control Act,
92
–
93

Native American,
13
,
39
,
48
,
49
,
51
,
56
,
63
,
87
,
88
,
95
,
124
,
134
,
143
–
46
,
154

natural selection.
See
selection, natural

Neanderthal,
29
,
30
,
37
,
40
,
73
,
140

Neanderthal DNA.
See
DNA, Neanderthal

Netherlands,
54
,
124
,
144

Nile River,
133

Nisbett, Richard,
107
,
111
,
113
,
117
,
118
,
121

Nixon, Richard M.,
92

Noah (biblical),
46
–
47

Nobel Prize,
139

north Africa.
See
Africa, north

North America,
39
,
51
,
94
,
129
,
134
,
140
,
143
–
46
,
152

Nuremberg laws,
18

OCA2
gene and variants,
72
–
73

Old World monkeys,
50

orangutan,
66

Origin of Species
,
15
,
16
,
61

Ossorio, Pilar,
148
–
49

Ottoman Empire,
133
,
136

“Out of Africa” hypothesis,
29
,
34
–
35
,
38
,
50
,
52
,
69
,
70
,
89
,
110
,
153

Pacific Island ancestry,
48
,
50
,
134
,
140
,
147
,
148

Pacific Islander, as racial classification,
48
,
134
,
147
,
148

Page Act,
145

Papua, New Guinea,
103
,
140
,

paternal inheritance,
41
,
46
,
54
,
56

perception of race,
10
,
11
,
20
,
56
,
59
,
127
,
134
,
136
,
139
,
144
,
146
,
147
,
149
,
155

personalized medicine,
99

Peru,
9
,
10
,
127
–
30

phenylketonuria,
92

pheomelanins,
66

pigmentation, geographic distribution and variation,
12
,
17
,
31
,
33
,
53
,
55
,
59
–
75
,
84
,
122
,
136
,
153
,
154

Plasmodium
falciparum,
78

Plomin, Robert,
122

polygenism,
151
–
52

Portugal,
143

Portuguese,
9
,
10
,
15
,
135
,
144

Priestess of Chornancap,
127
–
30

purebred (animal),
16

purifying selection.
See
selection, purifying

Qafzeh Cave,
28
–
29

race, as a social construct,
7
,
11
,
48
,
57
,
112
,
113
,
146
–
49
,
154

race, definition of,
14
–
15

Race, Ethnicity, and Genetics Working Group,
56
–
57

racial and ethnic classification,
10
,
11
,
14
,
18
,
20
–
24
,
46
–
49
,
55
,
56
,
96
–
99
,
111
,
112
,
134
,
139
,
146
,
147
,
149
,
152
,
153

Racial Integrity Act of 1924,
13

racial segregation.
See
segregation

racism,
7
,
8
,
25
,
90
,
92
,
109
,
110
,
125
,
134
,
143
,
149
,
151
,
155

Rampasasa,
21

Raper, A. B.,
91

rare variants.
See
variants, rare

red, racial classification,
13
,
59
,
147

rickets,
62
,
63

Roman Empire,
133

Romans, ancient,
133

Rosenberg, Noah,
154

Rushton, J. Phillipe,
105
,
107
,
109
–
11
,
120

Russia,
59
,
61
,
73
,
129

Sahel,
138

Sahul,
140
–
41

sampling, effect of on variation,
24
,
25
,
34
,
54
,
55
,
89
,
131

San,
134
,
135

Scandinavia,
40
,
73
,
134

Scotland,
50
,
68
,
73

Scott, Robert B.,
91
–
92

screening, genetic,
18
,
93
,
96
,
100

segregation, racial,
10
,
59
,
91
,
104
,
125
,
139
,
143
,
146
,
148
,
149

selection, artificial,
19
,
116

selection, natural,
21
,
51
–
53
,
61
–
63
,
67
,
68
,
70
,
72
–
75
,
78
–
80
,
82
,
83
,
87
,
89
,
90
,
94
,
110
,
153

selection, purifying,
68

selective sweep,
61
,
63
,
71
,
75
,
89

self-classification of race,
48
,
49
,
134
,
147
,
148

Semang,
21

Shem (biblical),
47

Siberia,
39
,
63

sickle cell anemia,
78
–
80
,
82
,
83
,
90
–
93

sickle cell disease,
78
,
81
,
90
,
91
,
93
,
96
,
97

sickle cell trait,
77
–
81
,
83
,
90
,
92
,
93

Sickle Cell Treatment Act,
93

single origins hypothesis,
29

Sistine Chapel,
27

skin cancer.
See
malignant melanoma

skin color.
See
inheritance of skin, hair, and eye pigmentation; melanins; pigmentation, geographic distribution and variation

SLC24A5
gene and variants,
70
–
71

SLC45A2
gene and variants,
53
,
71

smallpox,
137
,
141
,
145

social Darwinism,
104
,
106

socioeconomic factors,
104
,
108
,
120
,
154

South Africa,
14
,
134
,
137
,
139
,
140
,
144
,
149

South America,
21
,
38
,
39
,
51
,
129
,
130
,
143
,
147

south Asia.
See
Asia, south

southeast Asia.
See
Asia, southeast

Spain,
29
,
73
,
143

Spanish conquest of the Americas,
130
,
146

Sternberg, Robert J.,
111
–
14

Stolen Generations,
143

sub-Saharan Africa.
See
Africa, sub-Saharan

Sumatra,
140
–
41

Sunda,
140
–
41

susceptibility to disease conferred by genetic constitution,
52
,
61
,
66
,
78
,
82
–
88
,
100
,
101
,
122
,
154

Sweden,
121
,
143

tanning,
60
,
74

Tanzania,
94

Tapper, Melbourne,
92

Taron,
21

Tasmania,
140
–
42

telethons,
92

testing, genetic and medical,
30
,
40
,
49
,
54
,
77
,
80
,
81
,
92
,
93
,
96
,
98
–
101