Empire of Liberty: A History of the Early Republic, 1789-1815 (130 page)

and Findley,
220

and Freneau,
151

and Madison,
140

and monarchical republicanism,
53
–54

and patronage,
108

and political campaigning,
62

and ratification of the Constitution,
35
–36

appellate courts,
411

Appleby, Joyce,
732
–33

appointment powers.
See also
patronage: and executive power,
86
–87

and federal positions,
107
–10,
110
n33,
111

and Jefferson,
292
,
299

and the judiciary,
400
–401,
408
,
411

and Marshall,
435

and military power,
266
–67

and removal powers,
88

apprenticeship,
348

architecture,
548

aristocracy.
See also
class divisions and conflict: and Adams,
23
,
214
,
215

and the arts,
548

and Burr,
281

and class divisions,
35
–36,
235
–38

and the Constitution,
34

and democracy,
718

and electoral representation,
530

and the Federalist Party,
313
,
708
–9

and honor codes,
717

and inheritance law,
498

and Jefferson,
279

and labor,
353

and monarchism,
74
,
77
,
78
–79

and popular sovereignty,
451

and religion,
580
,
607

and slavery,
527

and social equality,
349

Aristotle,
21
–22

Arkansas River,
382

Arminianism,
604
,
608

arms, rights to bear,
70
,
475

Armstrong, John,
683
,
691
–92

Arnold, Benedict,
555
–56

Arnold, Stephen,
341

Article I of the Constitution,
456
,
465

Article III of the Constitution,
55
,
408
–9

Article V of the Constitution,
250

Articles of Confederation,
7
,
11
,
15
–16,
31
–33,
47
,
287

artisans,
348
–49,
350

arts: and British influence,
559
–60

and cultural advancement,
544
–45,
545
–47,
547
–52

and the Great Seal,
554
–55

literature,
565
–67,
569
–70

painting,
552
–54,
563
–65,
568
–69,
571
–72,
723

and Peale,
555
–57

poetry,
548

and the public good,
567
–75

and republicanism,
557
–59

theater,
570
–71

and western settlement,
546
n10

Asbury, Francis,
599
,
601

Asia,
623

assembly rights,
70

Astor, John Jacob,
381
–82,
623

Astoria,
382

attorney general’s office,
86

Aurora:
on Jefferson’s election,
285

on patronage,
299

and public opinion,
253
,
308

on republican reforms,
426
–28

and sedition laws,
259
,
261

on ship seizures,
641

Austin, Benjamin,
334
,
403

Austria,
403
,
621

authoritarianism,
549
.
See also
monarchical power

Autobiography
(Franklin),
27
,
499
,
713
,
714

Averell, William Holt,
320

Bache, Benjamin Franklin,
200
,
253
,
255
,
259

Backus, Isaac,
588
–89

Bainbridge, William,
682

Ballard, Martha,
342

Ballou, Hosea,
608
–9

Baltimore, Maryland,
104
,
336
–38,
355
,
683
,
691
,
706

Bancroft, George,
575

Bank of England,
93
,
98
,
241

Bank of North America,
98
,
143
,
219
,
221
,
296

Bank of the United States (BUS),
98
–99,
143
–44,
145
,
293
–96,
673

banking: and civil society,
488

and corporate charters,
462

and Findley,
218
–22

and Hamilton,
98
–99

and Jefferson presidency,
293
–98

and the War of 1812,
692

bankruptcy laws,
416
,
416
n44

Baptists: and class divisions,
613

and clergy,
596

and freed blacks,
521

and growth of congregations,
581
–82,
597
–98,
604
–6

and millennial beliefs,
617

and the Republican Party,
167
,
244
,
594

and revivalism,
605

and separation of church and state,
587
–88

and slavery,
536
,
538
,
599
–600

Barbary States,
696
–700

Barbary Wars,
633
–39,
638

Bardstown, Kentucky,
593

Barlow, Joel: and American culture,
545
,
554

and the arts,
552

and citizenship,
50

and the Declaration of Independence,
641

Fourth of July oration,
469

and the French Revolution,
256

and Fulton,
631

and land speculation,
120

on social equality,
35

and Volney,
552

Barnum, P. T.,
725

Barralet, John James,
567

Barron v. City of Baltimore
,
70
n56

Batavian Republic,
240

Baton Rouge, Louisiana,
375

Battle of Austerlitz,
621
–22

Battle of Derne,
638

Battle of Fallen Timbers,
362

Battle of New Orleans,
4
,
695
–96

Battle of Queenston Heights,
680

Battle of the Nile,
271

Battle of the Thames,
686

Battle of Tippecanoe,
676

Battle of Trafalgar,
621
,
645
–46

Battle of Yorktown,
90

Bavaria,
403

Bavarian Illuminati,
244
–45,
722

Bayard, James A.,
305
,
416
,
695

Bayard, Samuel,
285

Beccaria, Cesare,
404
–5,
492

Beck, George,
571

Beckley, John,
237

Beckwith, George,
204

Bee, Isaac,
521

Beecher, Lyman,
487
,
613

Belgium,
246
,
621

Belknap, Jeremy,
475
,
477
,
544
,
557

Bellamy, Joseph,
616

Belshazzar’s Feast
(Coleridge),
574

benevolence: and Adams,
214

and civil society,
203
,
495

and egalitarianism,
580

and Enlightenment principles,
11

and the Federalist Party,
306

and Freemasonry,
52

and gender equity,
502
–3

and Hamilton,
302

and ratification of the Constitution,
38

and religion,
613
–14

and republicanism,
485
–91

and sociability,
13

and utopianism,
632

Benjamin
,
202

Bentley, William,
333
,
581
,
655
,
731
–32

Berkeley, George,
546

Berlin Decree,
646

biblical literalism,
611
–12,
616
–17

bicameral legislatures,
214
,
216
–18

Biddle, Nicholas,
381

Bigelow, Jacob,
729
–30

Bill No.
2
,
665
–66

Bill of Rights (English),
66

Bill of Rights (U.S.),
65
–72,
70
n56,
258
,
409
,
446
,
493
,
662
.
See also specific amendments

Bingham, William,
118
,
628
–29

Binns, John,
427

Birch, William Russell,
559
,
572

Birkbeck, Morris,
358
,
710
–11

Bitterroot Mountains,
380

black codes,
521
,
538

Blackfoot Indians,
380

Blackstone, William,
222
,
404
,
406
,
434
,
448
,
449

Blanchard, Thomas,
728
,
729

Bland, Theodorick,
87

blasphemy,
591

blockades,
622
,
637
,
646
,
661
,
688

Blodgett, Samuel,
730

Bloomfield, Robert,
574

Blount, William,
133

“Blue Light” Federalists,
693

Blumin, Stuart M.,
350

boardinghouses,
347

Boileau, Nathaniel,
427
,
429

Bonaparte, Napoleon,
275
,
292

A Bone to Gnaw, for the Democrats
(Cobbett),
255

Bonus Bill,
485

Boone, Daniel,
370
–71

Boston, Massachusetts,
104
,
349
,
486
,
516
,
520
,
593
,
604
,
706

Boston Gazette
,
537

Boston Massacre,
213

Boucher, François,
548

Boudinot, Elias,
57
,
500
,
577

Boydell, John,
563

Brace, Jonathan,
412

Brackenridge, Hugh Henry,
182
,
218
–21,
547

Bradford, William,
137

Bradley, Stephen,
375

Brant, Joseph,
112

Brewster, Walter,
349
–50

bridges,
482
,
706
–7

Brief Retrospect of the Eighteenth Century
(Miller),
258

Brissot de Warville, Jacques Pierre,
56
,
704

Britain.
See
England; Great Britain

British West Indies,
193
,
197

Brock, Isaac,
679

“broken voyage” concept,
624

Brown, Charles Brockden,
335
,
356
,
394
,
470
n4,
507

Brown, David,
261
–62

Brown, John,
113
,
725

Brown, Moses,
702
–3

Brown, Nicholas, II,
623

Brown, William Hill,
566

Brown College,
343
,
344

Bryan, Andrew,
599

Bryan, Samuel,
38

Bunyan, John,
475

Burgoyne, John,
690

Burke, Edmund,
46
,
176
,
257
–58,
406