238
New Deal,
51
,
52
,
129
,
203
,
296
n
Newkirk, Raymond,
140
–41,
143
,
151
,
154
,
156
,
205
,
220
,
227
,
236
,
316
n
New Republic
magazine,
164
–65
New York City
boycotts in,
289
–91n,
294
n
German Day celebrations in,
288
,
291
,
295
,
304
n
German immigrant social groups in,
287
–96n,
305
–6n.
See also
German American Bund
German spies in,
3
,
22
,
51
,
168
,
179
,
208
,
255
,
266
Jews in,
304
n,
305
n
loyalty of German-Americans in,
248
pro-Nazi operatives in,
34
,
65
,
245
,
306
–7n
New York Daily News,
11
,
40
,
50
,
74
,
77
,
87
,
122
,
131
,
231
,
242
New York Herald Tribune,
20
,
81
,
111
,
140
,
178
,
213
,
231
,
233
,
306
n
New York Police Department
(NYPD),
32
,
40
,
92
,
94
,
121
,
171
,
172
,
290
n,
302
–4n,
310
n
New York Post,
21
,
41
–42,
53
–55,
57
,
88
,
89
,
213
New York Times
,
2
,
5
,
11
,
20
,
31
–32,
34
,
55
,
57
,
74
,
77
,
80
,
90
,
93
,
116
–17,
166
,
168
,
173
,
187
,
209
,
230
,
231
,
232
,
236
,
241
,
242
,
249
,
255
,
257
,
289
n,
300
n,
307
n
New Yorker
magazine,
261
New Yorker Staats-Zeitung und Herold,
20
–21,
23
,
287
n
Nichols, Richard,
276
–77
Nipkin, Walter,
318
n
Norden, Carl Lukas,
25
,
26
,
48
,
130
,
265
Norden bombsight,
26
,
28
,
37
,
44
,
48
,
109
,
118
,
137
,
157
,
180
,
181
–84,
187
,
197
,
206
,
215
,
222
,
225
,
230
,
231
,
237
–38,
241
–42,
254
,
260
,
261
–62,
272
,
317
n,
319
–20n
Norden Inc.,
25
–26,
27
–28,
37
–40,
44
,
49
,
72
,
96
,
161
,
181
,
186
Norris, George,
165
Norway, invasion of,
166
–67,
178
,
180
,
208
North Africa,
204
,
207
Nye, Gerald,
182
Oberwager, Charles,
246
–47
O’Brien, John P.,
288
n
Office of Strategic Services (OSS),
223
Olympic games,
291
n,
295
n,
296
n
O’Neal, Birch,
158
Operation Dynamo,
171
Operation Lena,
319
n
Operation Sea Lion,
189
,
190
,
319
n
Order of ’76,
34
–35
Ordnungsdienst
(Order Force; OD),
93
,
94
,
287
n,
290
n,
294
n
Ott, Bobbi,
310
n,
311
n
Pact of Steel,
108
,
116
Palmer, A. Mitchell,
23
,
164
Papirofsky (later Papp), Joseph,
19
Pearl Harbor attack,
1
,
245
,
253
Pearson, Drew,
222
–23
Pegler, Westbrook,
170
Peis, Günter,
321
n
Pellegrin, Frederick,
275
Pelley, William Dudley,
307
n
Pétain, Philippe,
172
Peterson, Reuben,
220
Phillips, Alice,
213
Picasso, Pablo,
10
Pickenbrock, Hans,
232
Pletsch, Mary,
281
PM
(newspaper),
171
Poland,
132
Germany’s invasion of,
4
,
38
,
69
,
106
–8,
115
–16,
118
,
119
,
123
,
214
Soviet Union’s invasion of,
123
–24
Polish Corridor,
107
Polish Pavilion, World’s Fair, New York City,
172
Popular Front,
17
,
18
,
52
,
108
,
128
Post, Wiley,
99
Price, Maurice,
176
,
177
,
188
Quill, Mike,
82
Quisling, Vidkun,
166
–67
radar,
184
,
189
radio
Ast Hamburg’s use of,
102
,
161
,
175
,
188
,
189
,
196
,
201
,
230
,
232
Centerport, Long Island, station for,
175
,
197
,
202
–3,
219
,
232
,
233
FBI surveillance of,
180
,
185
,
188
Hirohito’s use of, to surrender,
265
Hoover’s use of,
257
in Mexico,
202
–3
Quisling’s use of,
166
Roosevelt’s use of,
202
,
238
Sebold’s use of,
134
,
135
,
136
,
137
,
159
,
161
,
179
,
180
,
182
,
192
,
232
,
276
spy ring’s use of,
232
,
233
,
255
,
258
Winchell’s story about spies broadcast on,
222
Reader’s Digest,
49
,
258
–59
Red Army of the Ruhr,
61
Renken, Dr. (Nikolaus Ritter, Sebold’s contact),
114
,
124
–25,
126
,
133
,
134
,
137
,
150
,
154
,
232
,
288
n
Reuben James
(destroyer),
242
–43
Reuper, Carl,
201
–2,
221
,
244
,
318
n
Ridder, Bernard,
287
n
Ridder, Victor,
287
n
Ridgewood neighborhood, New York City,
21
,
22
,
160
,
290
n,
307
n
Rifkind, Simon,
55
Ritter, Aurora Evans,
14
–15,
17
,
103
,
287
Ritter, Hans,
192
,
318
n
Ritter, Katharine,
15
Ritter, Nikolaus Adolf Fritz,
192
,
286
–87n,
301
n
Ast Hamburg led by,
13
–14,
16
–17,
21
–24,
96
,
204
,
243
,
273
background of,
14
–15
bombsight plans from Lang and,
37
,
39
,
44
,
47
,
137
,
241
–42
marriage of,
14
–15,
17
North Africa mission of,
204
recruitment of agents by,
14
,
26
–29,
35
–36,
102
–3,
241
Roeder and,
311
–12n
as Sebold’s contact (as Dr. Renken),
114
,
124
,
125
–26,
133
,
134
,
137
,
150
,
154