A History of the Crusades (69 page)
Read A History of the Crusades Online
Authors: Jonathan Riley-Smith
sixteenth-century conflicts
284
;
see also
Genoa; Venice
Ivan the Terrible
358
Ivo of Chartres
71
Jacobites, and Franks
113
,
114
,
157
,
215
,
318
Jadwiga of Poland
276
James I of Aragon
185
James I of Mallorca
300
James III of Cyprus
297
James of Molay, Templar master
189
,
208
,
260
James of Vitry
10
Janah al-Dawla, atabak
216
Janissaries
251
–2
Janus of Cyprus
173
,
249
,
296
,
337
Jem (brother of Bayezid II)
254
,
337
Jerosolimitanus
72
Jerusalem, city: capture by Khorezmians (1244)
3
,
106
,
136
,
150
capture by Saladin (1187)
3
,
37
,
83
,
147
,
234
–5
cathedral of St James
158
church of the Ascension
162
church of the Redeemer
367
church of St Mary Latin
157
church of St Mary Magdalen
157
–8
church of St Mary of Mount Sion
147
,
162
church of St Michael the Archangel
158
covered market
164
Dair al- ‘Adas
158
Fatimidcontrol
217
–18
in Islamic thought
211
–12,
217
,
224
as place to die
217
recovery (1099)
2
,
37
,
138
–9,
168
,
218
–19,
224
recovery (1229)
3
,
133
;
see also
Holy Sepulchre Church
Jerusalem, kingdom of: and Acre
132
and architecture
157
–68
and crusader art
139
defeat by Saladin
125
,
147
,
234
–5
Frankish settlement
111
–18
history
5
–6
and military orders
181
,
183
,
342
and Muslims
114
,
117
,
120
–5,
134
–6,
149
,
225
,
230
–1,
233
–4
political development
118
–24
and power of women
120
–1
seneschal
136
–7
and study of law
133
–4
and Third Crusade
147
–8;
see also
Acre
Jews: and effects of crusades
66
jihad
219
,
220
–7,
234
–9,
241
,
244
–5,
247
,
248
,
385
and Saladin
124
;
see also
war, holy
Joanna of Naples
301
–2
Joao I of Portugal
329
Jogailo of Lithuania
276
Johanniter Orde in Nederland
388
Johannitorden i Sverige
388
John of England, and declaration of crusade
40
John of France, and capture of Jerusalem
270
John of Gaunt, and Nicopolis crusade
274
John of Gravina
300
John II of Cyprus (1432–58)
296
and costs of crusading
53
and supplies
63
and symbols of pilgrimage
70
John le Maingre (Marshal Boucicaut)
274
,
331
John of Mâcon
55
John of Nevers
274
–5
John V Palaeologus, Byzantine emperor
310
John VI Cantacuzenus, Byzantine emperor
301
,
306
,
310
–11
John of Würzburg
191
John XXII, pope
325
John XXIII, pope
337
Jones, Henry Arthur
378
Jubayl, cathedral
160
Julius II, pope, and Italy
284
Ka‘b ibn al-Akhbar
212
Kaffa, Crimea
305
Kahn Madonna
152
Karak, cathedral
160
Karbuqa, atabak of Mosul
216
Karlowitz, Peace of (1699)
257
,
310
,
363
Kenaan-Kedar, Nurith
160
–1
Kettelet, Gotthard
358
khanqa
226
Khayr al-Din Barbarossa
255
Khorezmians
224
and capture of Jerusalem
3
,
106
,
136
,
150
Kilij Arslan I, sultan
218
Kingsley, Charles
376
–7
kinship, and recruitment
13
,
50
–2,
81
,
85
–7
Kipchaks, and Mamluks
238
,
240
,
247
–8
Kirokitia, Cypriot defeat (1326)
296
knights: as armsbearers in East
85
in crusade-songs
95
–8
and First Crusade
1
,
24
–6,
35
–6,
47
in military orders
197
,
201
,
332
–3,
341
,
354
–5,
362
as
milites
24
–6
and recovery crusades
274
–5
and recruitment
49
–53
and St George
273
;
see also
chivalry
Knights Hospitallers of St John of Malta
5
,
89
archives
14
and Baldwin III
144
castles
145
–6,
149
,
167
,
173
–4,
184
–7
charitable role
191
,
196
,
337
,
388
church building
163
and crusader art
153
and Cyprus
126
,
207
–8,
294
,
298
,
324
,
335
in Europe
181
and frontier crusades
269
independence
183
and Malta
339
–40,
347
–8,
350
–7,
361
–2,
371
,
387
masters
325
,
329
,
331
,
334
,
337
,
340
,
353
,
356
,
387
military role
344
,
350
–3,
361
–2,
367
modern survival
387
–9
numbers
186
,
187
–8,
334
,
339
,
354
,
355
,
360
–1
organization
199
–200,
201
–2,
340
–1
origins
178
and Ottoman Turks
286
,
299
,
311
,
333
–4,
335
–6,
337
–8,
347
–8,
361
and papacy
324
,
325
,
336
,
347
,
354
–5,
388
in Portugal
329
–30
recruitment
196
–8
resources
192
–3,
194
–6,
298
,
324
,
325
,
335
,
338
–40
and Saladin
24
secularization
344
and sisters
202
and survival of crusading
290
;
see also
Rhodes
Knights of Malta
see
Knights Hospitallers of St John of Malta
Knights Templar: and Baldwin III
144
charitable role
191
church building
163
conventual life
203
–4
discipline
188
–9
in Europe
181
fleets
184
independence
183
moneylending role
191
–2
and Muslims
114
origins
176
–8
recruitment
196
–8
revival attempt
371
and Saladin
234
suspension
323
and temporary service
182
trial
89
,
191
,
197
,
204
,
206
,
208
–10,
265
,
324
,
341
Königsberg, and Teutonic Knights
343
Kotzebue, August von
378
La Forbie, battle (1244)
136
,
178
and popular religion
30
–4
and reform of Church
26
;
see also
orders, military
Lamartine, Alphonse de
364
Lambert, Baldwin
172
Lampsakos, battle (1359)
335
lance, use by élite soldiers
24
land: mortgaging
55
–6
reclamation
194
Las Navas de Tolosa, battle (1212)
4
,
244
–5
Last Days, in Islam
211
–12,
217
,
223
,
235
Lateran Councils: Fifth (1512-17)
283
–4
First (1123)
71
Fourth (1215)
43
and agriculture
115
–16,
126
–7,
131
,
174
,
319
–20,
321
–2
and architecture
142
–4,
149
,
154
,
155
–75
and art
138
–54
and Byzantium
118
,
119
,
120
–1,
123
–4,
129
–31,
144
–5,
215
,
291
–2,
299
–302,
310
–12