A History of the Crusades (72 page)

      Spanish
183
,
328
–9,
345

      and Swordbrethren
190

      and Teutonic Knights
325

      and penance
82

      and political crusades
4
,
39
–40,
65
,
268

      and practicalities of crusade
60

      and promotion of crusades
42
–7

      reform
26
–7,
39
,
87

      and Spain
38
–9,
284

      and status of crusades
9
–11,
37
,
42

      and taxation
57
–9,
66
,
262
–5,
266
,
267
–8,
278
,
284
,
288

Papal (Great) Schism (1378)
4
,
268
–9,
274
,
278
,
317
,
336
–7

Papal State
268
,
388

Paris, Matthew
10
,
132

      and military orders
198
,
205

parlement
, kingdom of Jerusalem
118
–19

Paschal II, pope, and First Crusade
79
–80

passagium generale
260
,
270
,
274
,
277
–8

passagium particulare
260
,
267
,
270
–1,
276
,
336

Passarowitz, Peace (1718)
310

pastorela
93
,
101
–2,
104

patronage: and art
141
–2,
148
,
158

      and crusade-songs
94
–5

      and military orders
177
,
193
–4,
198
,
345
,
348
,
353

      and recruitment
87

Paul I of Russia
387

peace, domestic
73

peasants’ crusade: 1309
261
; 1320
261

Pedro I of Portugal
329

Pegalotti, Francesco Balducci
294

Peirol
108

Pelagonia, battle (1259)
131
,
299

penance
32
–4

      crusade as
70
,
77
–84,
88
,
89

      and financing of crusades
58
,
194

      and indulgences
46
,
286

People’s Crusade
36
,
47
,
68

Pera, Genoese control
305
,
311

personnel
47
–53

Perugia Missal
151

Peter des Roches
178

Peter the Hermit
2
,
36
,
368

Peter I of Cyprus
295
–6,
315

      and capture of Alexandria
247
,
270
–2,
295

Peter II of Cyprus (1369–82)
175
,
296

Peter of San Superan
302
,
311

Philibert of Naillac
336

Philip of Aubigny
150

Philip the Bold of Burgundy, and Nicopolis crusade
274
–5

Philip of Gloucester
83

Philip the Good, Feast of the Pheasant
261

Philip I of France, and financing of crusades
55

Philip of Ibelin
128

Philip II of France (1165–1223);

      and conquest of Spain
107

      and Latin East
125

      and Richard I of England
59
,
61
,
107
–8

      and Third Crusade
38
,
52
,
57
,
132

Philip II of Spain (1578–1621)
288
–9

Philip IV ‘the Fair’ of France (1606–65);

      and Knights Templar
208
–10

      and papacy
265

Philip of Mézières
266
,
341
–2

Philip of Novara
135

Philip VI of France (1293–1350),

crusade planning
261
–2,
264
–5,
276

Phocaea, Genoese control
305
–6,
321

Piacenza, Council (1095)
2

pilgrimage: crusade as
27
,
68
–70,
77
–80,
101
–2

      and Knights Templar
176

      Muslim
217
,
224

      as penance
32
–4,
88

      symbols
69
–70

      to Holy Land
29

      to Holy Sepulchre
77
,
81

      to Jerusalem
2
,
20
,
132

      and transport
117

Pillart, Peter
88

piracy: and Knights Hospitallers
299
,
324
,
337
–8,
352
–3

      and Mamluk sultanate
248
–9

      and Santo Stefano order
349

      Turkish
294
,
306

Pisa: and merchant communities
116
,
132

      and Santo Stefano order
349

      and shipping contracts
61

Pius II, pope (1405–64): death
13

      
and general crusade
278
,
286

      and military orders
350

Pius V, pope (1504–72): and anti Turkish crusade
287
–8

      and Spain
289

place, in religious culture
28
–9

plague: in Cyprus
295
,
317

      effects in west
266
,
267
,
305

      in Egypt
218
,
247

      and Knights Hospitallers
335

planning, of recovery crusade
261
–2,
274
,
276
,
278

Plauen, Heinrich von
343

Plettenbeurg, Wolter von
333

plunder
see
booty

poetry
93
–100,
104
–9

      Islamic
220
,
232
–3,
236
–7

      and love
100
–4,
110

      pre-Islamic
232

pogroms, 1096
66
,
115

Poland: crusades
4
,
39

      and Holy League
257
,
309

      and Teutonic Knights
276
,
331
,
337
,
343
–4

politics, and crusade theories
260
,
265

Pomerania, and crusades
39

poor: motivation
8

      and Peasants’

Crusades
261

      and People’s Crusade
36
,
47
,
68

Popular Crusade (1309)
69

Portugal: and Castile
267

      and Mamluk sultanate
249

      and military orders
179
,
185
,
201
,
325
,
329
–30,
345
,
360

      and North Africa
284
,
286

      and Second Crusade
41

Powell, James
13

Prague, rebellion (1419)
280
–1

Prawer, Joshua
5
–6

preaching
2
,
13
,
261
,
279

      development
45
–6

      local
44
–6,
66
,
69
–70,
73
,
77

      and military orders
273

      and state occasions
42
–4;
see also
indulgence

Premonstratensians, in Latin East
163
,
173
,
294

Prevéza, battle (1538)
255
,
288

Prison of Christ
142

privileges: of crusaders
9
,
41
,
43
,
46
,
71
–2,
266

      of military orders
195
,
206
;
see also
indulgence

promotion of crusades
42
–7

property, crusader, administration
74
–5

protection: of crusaders
71
–2,
74
,
108

      of pilgrims
176

Protestantism: and anti-Turkish war
287

      crusades against
4

      and Order of St John
388

      and Teutonic Order
358
–9

Prussia: and Teutonic Knights
180
–1,
339
,
357
–8

      and crusades
4
,
39
,
323

      decline
344

      independence
181
,
183
,
191
,
206
,
330
,
332

      and Marienburg
208
,
323
,
331
,
332
,
343

      as
ordenstaat
276
,
332
–3,
343
,
344

      and
Reisen
272
–4,
343

      secularization
343
,
344

      subjugation
185

Psalter of Melisende
141
,
145

      Deësis miniature
141

Pulgar, Ferdinand del
283

Pushkin Madonna
152

Qal‘at Jiddin (Judyn)
156
,
167

Qal‘at Yahmur (Chastel Rouge)
156

Qalawun, al-Mansur, Mamluk sultan
241

Qaraman Turkomans
252

Quantum praedecessores
42

Qutuz, Mamluk leader
239

Raimbaut of Vaqueiras
94

Rainald of Châtillon
233

Rainald of Sidon
233

Ralph of Bethlehem
144

Al-Ram, courtyard buildings
166

Ramla, Fatimid capital
217
,
224

ransom
165
,
234
,
336

      and role of military orders
180
,
191
,
352
,
356

Ranulf of Chester
73

Raydaniyya, battle (1517)
250

Raymond II of Tripoli, and military orders
184

Raymond IV of St Gilles, count of Toulouse, as First Crusade leader
2
,
35
,
36

Raymond of Poitiers and Antioch
121
,
122

reconnaissance, importance
262

Reconquista see
Spain, reconquest

recruitment
13
,
47
–53

      for First Crusade
34
,
50
–1,
81
,
85
–7

      for later crusades
262

      and lordship
13
,
50
–2,
85
–6,
87
–8

      for Second Crusade
81

      to military orders
189
,
196
–8,
199
,
273
–4,
323
,
332
,
340

regions, and crusader recruitment
51
–2

Reisen
(journeys)
272
–4,
279
,
343

relics: brought by crusaders
75
,
150

      of True Cross
141

religion, popular
13
,
29
–34

reliquaries
141
,
150

Requesens, Luis de
346

Rethymnon, Venetian control
309

Rhodes: and crusader art
153

      forti-fications
334
,
337

      and indigenous population
335

      and Knights Hospitallers
85
,
208
,
298
–9,
324
,
325
,
333
–8,
339
,
343
,
361

      and Latin East
291
,
310

      and Mamluk sultanate
249
,
331
,
337
–8

      and Ottoman Turks
254
,
256
,
297
,
299
,
337
–8

Riant, Paul
373

ribat
, in Islam
177
,
243

Riccardiana Psalter
150

Richard, earl of Cornwall, and financing of crusade
55

Richard I of England (1157–97): capture
94
–5,
108

      and conquest of Cyprus
125
,
147
,
248

      and conquest of Spain
107

      in crusade-songs
94
–5,
107
–8

      and financing of crusades
55
,
63
–4

      nineteenth-century interest in
379

      and Philip II of France
59
,
61
,
107
–8

      and Saladin
231

      and supplies
63

      and Third Crusade
38
,
59
,
132
,
382
,
384

Richard II of England (1367–1400), and Nicopolis crusade
274