A Guide to the Good Life : The Ancient Art of Stoic Joy: The Ancient Art of Stoic Joy (35 page)
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Authors: William B. Irvine
Tags: #General, #Religion, #Philosophy, #Inspirational
teaching methods used by,
32
Cynic philosophers.
See
Antisthenes;
Crates; Diogenes of Sinope
subjects taught in,
27
teaching methods used in,
32
.
See also
Cynicism
characterized,
30
views of, regarding pleasure,
113
–14
subjects taught in,
27
death: acceptance of, and philosophies of life,
197
–98
fear of,
200
Stoic philosophers not obsessed with,
198
–201
delight: experience of, and negative visualization,
81
,
83
,
204
,
275
experience of, and practice of Stoicism,
204
–6
experience of, impaired by luxurious living,
175
and hedonic adaptation,
74
Descartes, René,
211
desire: affected by luxurious living,
175
–76
affected by practice of Stoicism,
265
–67
and anxiety,
86
–87
involuntary nature of,
90
–91
natural and unnatural,
177
and tranquility,
133
.
See also
insatiability; sexual relations
Deutsch, Helene,
219
dichotomy of control.
See
control
Diogenes of Sinope (Cynic philosopher),
31
,
113
,
114
,
186
,
283
,
291n10
Diognetus,
56
disadvantaged individuals,
151
–52
discomfort: experience of, and maximization of comfort,
113
modern aversion to,
111
self-inflicted, distinguished from voluntary,
111
tolerance of, and prevention of anger,
161
–62.
See also
voluntary discomfort
dissatisfaction.
See
satisfaction
dreams,
122
and self-sacrifice,
225
Eclectic school,
42
Egyptians, ancient,
239
–40
Elian school,
18
emotions, negative: avoiding, by internalizing our goals,
95
–96
experienced by author,
274
–75
Stoic views regarding,
7
,
216
,
219
–20.
See also
anger; anxiety; grief
emotions, positive: characterized,
10
promoted by practice of Stoicism,
123
.
See also
joy
enjoyment: of fame,
181
–82
Epaphroditus,
50
Epictetus: argument given by, to prospective students,
53
–55
on clinging to things,
115
on contagiousness of vice,
135
on contemplating death,
70
Cynic influence on,
51
and decline of Stoicism,
210
on desire fulfillment,
85
–86
on grief,
157
his characterization of Cynicism,
30
his contribution to Stoicism,
44
his fame,
181
his influence on Descartes,
211
his influence on Marcus Aurelius,
57
his philosophical interests,
57
his proof of the correctness of Stoicism,
53
–55
on internalization of goals,
99
on joy,
54
modern interest in,
6
on one’s “other self,”
263
on praise,
167
–68
on progress in the practice of Stoicism,
122
–24
on projective visualization,
79
on the proper Stoic response to misfortune,
184
on the role Zeus plays in Stoicism,
53
–55
on self-observation,
121
on sexual relations,
139
on social relations,
134
on social status,
122
on socializing,
136
on the source of harms and benefits,
85
on stealth Stoicism,
203
on when to start practicing Stoicism,
206
works of,
282
Epicurean school: attainment of tranquility as goal of,
41
history of,
25
subjects taught in,
27
Epicureanism,
212
on participation in public affairs,
50
on the proper role of philosophy,
4
on self-denial,
110
on sexual relations,
140
ethics: Stoic conception of,
34
–35
Euclides,
18
evolutionary inheritance: characterized,
234
evolutionary psychology: on the ability to experience pain and pleasure,
231
–32
on the ability to reason,
233
–34
characterized,
231
on human gregariousness,
233
exile: benefits of,
186
Stoic attitude toward,
185
–86
and values,
185
–86
fame: attainment of, by practicing Stoics,
181
–82