A Guide to the Good Life : The Ancient Art of Stoic Joy: The Ancient Art of Stoic Joy (38 page)

use of, to deal with negative emotions,
47
,
154
–56,
160
,
236
,
237

reason.
See
rationality

religion: and philosophies of life,
22
–24

and Stoicism,
230
.
See also
Christianity

Richardson, Robert D.,
211
–12

role models,
270

rowing,
260
–61,
264

Rutilius Rufus,
183

sacrifice,
225
.
See also
duty

sage.
See
Stoic sage

Satel, Sally,
219

satisfaction: attainment of,
78
,
86
,
106
–7,
177
,
179
,
275

as a goal,
78

schools of philosophy: absence of, in the modern world,
22

adults as pupils at,
26
–27

in the ancient world,
21
–22,
24
–26,
42

blending of doctrines by,
42

competition among,
41
–42

contrasted with sophists,
21

creation of,
26
–27

educational role of,
21

effect of, on adherents,
28

and philosophies of life,
21
,
27

of Socrates,
18
,
24

subjects taught by,
27
,
33
–34.
See also
Academic school; Cynic school; Cyrenaic school of philosophy; Eclectic school; Elian school; Epicurean school; Megarian school; Peripatetic school; Stoic school

Schopenhauer, Arthur,
32
,
211
,
283

self-control: benefits of possessing,
114
–15,
116
–17,
179
,
225
,
263

pleasure in exercising,
117
–18

required to practice Stoicism,
114
–15,
223
–24

strengthened by acts of self-denial,
116

self-denial: difficulties in practicing,
116

pleasure in exercising,
113

practice of,
110
–11,
115

and self-control,
114
,
116
.
See also
voluntary discomfort

self-discipline.
See
self-control

Seneca (the younger): on anger,
159
–62,
163
,
165
,
256

on asceticism,
180

on clinging to things,
82
–83

on contagiousness of vice,
135

on contemplating impermanence,
83

on “customization” of Stoicism,
244

on death,
70
,
198
,
268
,
270

on discomfort,
54

on enjoyment of life,
109
,
205
–6,
243

on exile,
185

on fatalism,
102

on grief,
153
–56,
216

his contribution to Stoicism,
44
–45

his exile,
45
–46,
183
,
185
,
206

his fame,
46
,
181

his life,
44
–47,
199

his nonphilosophical interests,
8
,
45

his wealth,
45
,
109
,
179

on humor,
258
–59

on insults,
143
–44,
147
,
149
,
151

on jealousy,
128

on joy,
7
–8,
47
–48,
83
,
286n8

on luxurious living,
177
–78

on measuring our progress as Stoics,
123

on meditation,
119
–20

on negative emotions,
219
–20

on negative visualization,
65
,
68
–69,
70

on old age,
192
–93,
194
,
271

on pleasure,
48
,
113
–16,
118
,
263

on progress in the practice of Stoicism,
124

on the proper role of philosophy,
4

on the role of God (Zeus) in Stoicism,
54

on self-control,
117
–18

on self-denial,
110
,
228

on self-observation,
119
–20

on sexual relations,
117

on Stoic tests,
268
,
275

on tranquility,
47

on vices,
177

on wealth,
173
,
177
,
178
,
179
,
180
–81

on whiny people,
135

works of,
281
–82

Serenus,
277

Sextius,
119

Sextus Afranius Burrus,
46

sexual relations: Buddhist advice on,
139
–40

evolutionary explanation of desire for,
232
,
234
–35

harm done by,
117
,
139
–40,
202

in old age,
193

Stoic advice regarding,
138
–39.
See also
lust

social duty.
See
duty

social events,
123
,
135
–36,
167

social fatalism.
See
fatalism social relations: dealing with

annoying people,
128
,
134
,
136
–38,
161
,
228

effect of, on tranquility,
11
,
127
–28,
134
,
136
–38,
143
–44,
254

effect of, on values,
135
,
136

friendship,
109
,
127
,
134
–35,
228

human need for,
228
,
233

preparing for,
134

selectivity in,
134
,
228
.
See also
duty: social; fatalism: social; sexual relations; social status

social status: cost of pursuing,
167
,
236

evolutionary explanation of desire for,
233
–34,
236

in old age,
191

overcoming our desire for,
122
,
145
,
235

Socrates: on being overlooked,
203

and the focus of philosophy,
19

on food,
176

his life,
18
,
48

his manner of living,
19
–20

his philosophical theories,
19
–20

his response to insults,
147
,
162
,
291n10

his school,
3
–4,
18
,
24

Sommers, Christina Hoff,
219

sophists,
21

Sophocles,
193

Stilpo,
32

Stoa Poikile,
24
,
33

Stockdale, James,
73
,
283

Stoic, “congenital,”
246
–47

Stoic philosophers: did not write handbooks of Stoicism,
10
,
243
–44

joy experienced by,
7
–8,
48
,
213

on the proper role of philosophy,
4
,
50
,
52
,
222
–23

sought to enjoy life,
109
,
205
–6,
243

on the suppression of grief,
82
,
153
,
215
–16

their deaths,
198
–200

their fame,
46
,
109
,
181

their need to prove Stoicism,
229
–30,
238

their optimism,
73
–74

their susceptibility to exile,
183
,
184
–85

their wealth,
109
,
179
–81

welcomed discomfort,
111

were not antipleasure,
115

were not anxiety-ridden,
80

were not hermits,
128
–29

were not obsessed with death,
198
–201

were not passive,
8
,
94
–95,
100
,
103
,
108
–9.
See also entries for individual philosophers
: Apollonius of Chalcedon; Barea Soranus; Cato; Chrysippus; Cleanthes; Epictetus; Helvidius Priscus; Julius Canus; Marcus Aurelius; Musonius Rufus; Paconius Agrippinus; Panaetius of Rhodes; Posidonius; Quintus Junius Rusticus; Rutilius Rufus; Seneca; Thrasea Paetus; Zeno of Citium

Stoic sage: on becoming,
37
,
124
,
178

characterized,
37
,
115
–16,
145
,
206

joy experienced by,
206
,
276

Stoic school: blending of doctrines by,
41
–42

of Chrysippus,
38

of Cleanthes,
38
,
41

of Epictetus,
41
,
51
–52

history of,
4
,
24
,
33
,
38

influenced by Academic school,
25
,
27
,
32

influenced by Cynic school,
31
,
32
,
51
,
56
,
114

influenced by Megarian school,
32
–33

of Musonius Rufus,
41
,
48

philosophy of life advocated by,
27

and the practice of Stoicism,
10
,
244

subjects taught in,
27
,
33
–34

success and popularity of,
13
,
33
,
38
,
41

of Zeno,
4
,
24
,
42
.
See also
Stoic philosophers; Stoicism; Stoicism, the practice of

Stoic tests,
267
–70,
275

Stoicism: and the afterlife,
210

and anxiety,
100
–101,
229
,
242
,
253
,
262