A Guide to the Good Life : The Ancient Art of Stoic Joy: The Ancient Art of Stoic Joy (32 page)

9.
Tacitus, 15.71.

10.
Strabo, 10.5.3.

11.
Seneca, “To Helvia,” VI.4.

12.
New York Times Index
(1973), 929.

13.
Lutz, 15, 16.

14.
Musonius, “Lectures,” 8.9.

15.
Musonius, “Sayings,” 49.3.

16.
Epictetus, “Discourses,” III.xxiii.29.

17.
Musonius, “Lectures,” 3.1.

18.
Long, 10.

19.
Arnold, 120.

20.
Long, 108.

21.
Epictetus, “Discourses,” II.xvii.29–31.

22.
Epictetus, “Discourses,” III.xxiii.30.

23.
Long, 91.

24.
Epictetus, “Discourses,” I.xv.2–3.

25.
Long, 146.

26.
Epictetus, “Discourses,” I.i.11–12.

27.
Epictetus, “Discourses,” I.xxiv.1–2.

28.
Seneca, “On Providence,” I. 6, II.2, III.2.

29.
Marcus, II.1.

30.
Julius Capitolinus, sec. 2.

31.
Birley, 37–38.

32.
Julius Capitolinus, sec. 2.

33.
Marcus, I.8, I.7.

34.
Marcus, VII.67.

35.
Birley, 104.

36.
Julius Capitolinus, sec. 7.

37.
Julius Capitolinus, secs. 10, 11.

38.
Cassius Dio, 72.33.

39.
Birley, 160.

40.
Quoted in Birley, 11.

41.
Lecky, 292.

42.
Marcus, III.6.

43.
Birley, 179, 182, 191, 196, 183.

44.
Julius Capitolinus, sec. 12.

45.
Birley, 149, 158; Julius Capitolinus, sec. 11; Birley, 205.

46.
Marcus, VII.61.

47.
Cassius Dio, 72.36, 72.34.

48.
Julius Capitolinus, sec. 28.

49.
Birley, 209.

50.
Cassius Dio, 72.35.

1.
Seneca, “To Marcia,” IX.5.

2.
Seneca, “On Tranquillity,” XI.6.

3.
Epictetus, “Discourses,” IV.v.27.

4.
Frederick and Loewenstein, 302, 313.

5.
Veyne, 178 n 38. This technique has also been called
premeditation of evils
(76).

6.
Seneca, “To Marcia,” I.7, IX.2, X.3.

7.
Epictetus, “Discourses,” II.xxiv.86, 88.

8.
Marcus, XI.34.

9.
Epictetus, “Discourses,” III.xxiv.86–88.

10.
Epictetus,
Handbook
, 21.

11.
Seneca,
Ad Lucilium
, XII.8, XCIII.6, LXI.1–2.

12.
Marcus, X.34.

13.
Stockdale, 18–19.

14.
Seneca, “On Tranquillity,” XI.10.

15.
Epictetus,
Handbook
, 26.

16.
Marcus, VII.27.

17.
Seneca, “On the Happy Life,” III.3.

18.
Seneca, “On the Happy Life,” III.4.

19.
Seneca, “To Marcia,” XXI.1.

20.
Marcus, X.34, VI.15.

1.
Epictetus,
Handbook
, 29, 48.

2.
Epictetus, “Discourses,” III.xv.12.

3.
Epictetus, “Discourses,” III.xxiv.17.

4.
For more on this point, see my
On Desire: Why We Want What We Want
.

5.
Epictetus,
Handbook
, 14, 19.

6.
Epictetus,
Handbook
, 1.

7.
Epictetus,
Handbook
, 2, 1.

8.
Epictetus,
Handbook
, 14.

9.
Marcus, XI.16, VII.2, XII.22.

10.
Marcus, X.32, VIII.29, VIII.8, V.5.

11.
Marcus, VIII.17.

1.
Seneca, “On Providence,” V. 8.

2.
Epictetus,
Handbook
, 17, 8.

3.
Marcus, II.16, X.25, VI.39, III.4, III.16, X.6, III.4, III.16.

4.
As the supreme god, Zeus had it in his power to override the decisions of the Fates but usually chose not to do so for pragmatic reasons. In the
Iliad
(16.440–49), for example, Homer describes an episode in which Zeus complains to Hera that Sarpedon is fated to be slain by Patroclus. Zeus is considering interfering with events in order to save Sarpedon’s life. Hera implores him not to do this, since it would result in the other gods also interfering with earthly events, which would in turn create great discord among them.

5.
Marcus, II.14, III.10.

6.
Seneca, “On the Happy Life,” III.3.

1.
Seneca,
Ad Lucilium
, XVIII.5–6.

2.
Seneca,
Ad Lucilium
, XVIII.9.

3.
Musonius,
Lectures
, 19.2–3, 6.4.

4.
Musonius,
Lectures
, 6.5.

5.
Seneca, “On the Happy Life,” XIV.2.

6.
Dio Chrysostom, “The Eighth Discourse,” 389, 391.

7.
Marcus, II.2, V.26, VII.55.

8.
Epictetus,
Handbook
, 34.

9.
Seneca, “On the Happy Life,” X.3.

10.
Musonius,
Lectures
, 7.1.

11.
Seneca, “On Anger,” II.13.

12.
Epictetus,
Handbook
, 34.

13.
Epictetus,
Handbook
, 34.

14.
Seneca,
Ad Lucilium
, XVIII.10.

1.
Seneca, “On Anger,” III.36.

2.
Seneca, “On Anger,” III.36–37.

3.
Epictetus, “Discourses,” IV.xii.19.

4.
Marcus, III.11, V.11, X.37.

5.
Epictetus,
Handbook
, 46, 13.

6.
Epictetus,
Handbook
, 48.

7.
Quoted in Plutarch, “Progress in Virtue,” 12.

8.
Epictetus,
Handbook
, 50, 47, 46.

9.
Seneca,
Ad Lucilium
, XXVI.5.

10.
Seneca, “On the Happy Life,” XVII.3.

11.
Epictetus,
Handbook
, 33.

12.
Marcus, V.9.

13.
Marcus, XII.6.

1.
Seneca, “On the Happy Life,” II.4.

2.
Marcus, VIII.19–20, X.8.

3.
Musonius,
Lectures
, 14.3.

4.
Marcus, V.16, VI.44.

5.
Marcus, III.4, IV.3, II.1, VII.5, V.20.

6.
Marcus, V.6, IV.32, VI.22, V.1.

7.
Marcus, XI.9, VI.39.

8.
Marcus, II.1, V.10, XI.15.

9.
Marcus, IX.3, X.36, X.19.

10.
Lecky, 250.

11.
Marcus, V.6, IX.12.

12.
Marcus, VIII.7, V.34, VII.28, XII.3, VI.40, VIII.26.

1.
Epictetus,
Handbook
, 33.

2.
Seneca, “On Tranquillity,” VII.4.

3.
Epictetus,
Handbook
, 33.

4.
Seneca, “On Tranquillity,” VII. 6.

5.
Johnson, s.v. “seeksorrow.”

6.
Epictetus,
Handbook
, 33.

7.
Marcus, XI.18, X.30, XI.18.

8.
Marcus, III.4.

9.
Marcus, IX.42, VII.63, XII.12, IV.6, X.42.

10.
Marcus, XII.16.

11.
Marcus, XI.18.

12.
Marcus, XI.9, XI.13, VII.65, VI.6.

13.
Musonius,
Lectures
, 12.2.

14.
Epictetus,
Handbook
, 33.

15.
Marcus, XI.16, VI.13.

16.
Bodhi, 83–85.

17.
Epicurus, 8.

18.
Musonius,
Lectures
, 14.1–2, 13A.2.

19.
Musonius,
Lectures
, 15A.4.

1.
Musonius,
Lectures
, 10.1.

2.
Seneca, “On Firmness,” X.2.

3.
Seneca, “On Firmness,” XVI.4.

4.
Epictetus,
Handbook
, 42.

5.
Seneca, “On Firmness,” XII.1–2.

6.
Marcus, VII.26.

7.
Epictetus,
Handbook
, 20, 30.

8.
Epictetus,
Handbook
, 5.

9.
Seneca, “On Anger,” III.38.

10.
Seneca, “On Anger,” III.11. Other sources claim it was Diogenes the Cynic, not Socrates, who was responsible for the helmet joke.

11.
Seneca, “On Firmness,” XVII.3.

12.
Epictetus,
Handbook
, 33.

13.
Musonius,
Lectures
, 10.2.

14.
Seneca, “On Anger,” II.32.

15.
Seneca, “On Firmness,” XIV.3.

16.
Seneca, “On Firmness,” XVII.4.

17.
Seneca, “On Firmness,” XII.3.

1.
Seneca, “To Polybius,” XVIII.4–5.

2.
Seneca, “To Polybius,” XVIII.6.

3.
Seneca, “To Polybius,” IV.3.

4.
Seneca, “To Marcia,” XII.1.

5.
Seneca, “To Polybius,” IV.2, XVIII.6.

6.
Seneca, “To Polybius,” V.3, IX.2.

7.
Seneca, “To Helvia,” IV.1, I.2.

8.
Epictetus,
Handbook
, 16.

1.
Seneca, “On Anger,” I.1, I.2, III.28.

2.
Seneca, “On Anger,” I.12, I.10.

3.
Seneca, “On Anger,” I.12–15, II.31.