Vanished Kingdoms: The Rise and Fall of States and Nations (140 page)

(New York, 1954; London, 1996),
The Principles of State and Government in Islam
(Berkeley, 1961), etc.
74
. W. Łazuga,
Michał Bobrzyński: myśl historyczna a działalność polityczna
(Wrocław, 1982).
75
. M. Friedman,
Encounter on the Narrow Ridge: A Life of Martin Buber
(New York, 2003).
76
. Jan Pomian,
Joseph Retinger: Memoirs of an Eminence Grise
(London, 1972); G. Witkowski,
Ojcowie Europy
(Warsaw, 2001).
77
. F. E. Sysyn,
Adelphotes: A Tribute to Omeljan Pritsak
(Cambridge, Mass., 1990).
78
. W. von Sternburg,
Joseph Roth
(Cologne, 2009).
79
. J. Jarze˛bski,
Szulz
(Wrocław, 1999).
80
. B. Hochman,
The Fiction of S. Y. Agnon
(Ithaca, NY, 1970).
81
. Keith Sword (ed.),
Sikorski, Soldier and Statesman
(London, 1990).
82
. Timothy Snyder,
Red Prince: The Fall of a Dynasty
(London, 2008).
83
. W. W. Szybalski,
The Genius of Rudolf Stefan Weigl, a Lvovian Microbe Hunter
(Madison, 1957).
84
. Javier Aranzadi,
Liberalism against Liberalism: The Works of Ludwig von Mises
(London, 2006).
85
. K. Anders,
Murder to Order
(London, 1965).
86
. T. Segey,
Simon Wiesenthal
(London, 2010).
87
. Asad,
The Road to Mecca.
88
. Keith Sword,
The Soviet Takeover of the Polish Eastern Provinces, 1939
–
41
(Basingstoke, 1991).
89
. ‘Galicia Memorial Sites’,
www.chgs.umn.edu/museum/memorials/galiciapoland
(2011).
90
. T. Piotrowski,
Polish-Ukrainian Relations during World War Two: Ethnic Cleansing in Volhynia and Galicia
(Toronto, 1995).
91
. M. O. Logusz,
Galicia Division: The 14th Waffen SS Grenadier Division Galizien
(Philadelphia, 1997).
92
. V. Humeniuk and L. Luciuk,
Their Just War: Images of the Ukrainian Insurgent Army
(Toronto, 2007).
93
. Norman Davies and Roger Moorhouse,
Microcosm: Portrait of a Central European City
(London, 1999).
94
. Information on Ustrzyki Dolne provided by the late Professor Eugeniusz Waniek of Kraków, 2009.
95
.
http://www.dpcamps.org/operationvistula.html
(2011).
96
.
http://borsuczyna.pl/en/bieszczady
(2011).
97
. J. Grabowski,
Judenjagd: polowanie na Z.ydów, 1942–45. Studium dziejów pewnego powiatu
(Warsaw, 2011).

III

98
. Neil MacGregor,
A History of the World in 100 Objects
(London, 2010), ‘Introduction’.
99
. Eilean Hooper-Greenhill,
Museums and the Shaping of Knowledge
(London, 1992).
100
.
http://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/authors/p/picasso_2html
(2001).
101
. M. Orłowicz,
Ilustrowany Przewodnik po Galicji
, pp. 68–70.
102
. Ibid., p. 62.
103
. Ibid., pp. 297–9.
104
.
http://www.lvivbest.com/en/museums
(2011).
105
. Muzeum Narodowe, Kraków,
www.muzeum.krakow.pl
(2011).
106
. Fundacja Ksi˛az.˛at Czartoryskich,
www.muzeum-czartoryskich.krakow.pl
(2011).
107
. Ibid.
108
. P. Stone and R. Mackenzie,
The Excluded Past: Archaeology in Education
(London, 1990).
109
. National Museum of the American Indian, Washington, DC,
http://www.nmai.si.edu/subpage.cfm?subpage=visitor
(2011).
110
. Muzeum Galicja, Kraków,
www.galicjajewishmuseum.org
(2011).
111
.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ossolineum
(2011).
112
. ‘V. Stefanyk National Lviv Academic Library’,
http://www.nas.gov.ua/en/structure/dhpl/lsl/pages/default.aspx
(2011).
113
. Magdalena Kroch,
A Guide to the Sa
˛
cz Ethnographic Park
(Nowy Sa˛cz, 2003).
114
. Joanna Holda,
Sa
˛
cz Ethnographic Park: Supplement to the Guide, 2003
(Nowy Sa˛cz, 2006)
115
.
www.muzeum.sacz.pl/47.17.wiecej_o_sadeckim_parku_etnograficznym.htm
.

CHAPTER 10. ETRURIA

Bibliographical Note
. There is no monograph in English devoted to the Kingdom of Etruria. Interested readers will need to burrow both into works dealing with Italy as a whole, such as C. Duggan,
The Force of Destiny: A History of Italy since 1796
(London, 2008) or into accounts of Napoleon’s Italian campaigns. There is one standard item in Italian, Giovanni Drei,
Il Regno d’Etruria
(Modena, 1935), and two recent studies: Romano Coppini,
Il gran-ducato di Toscana dagli ‘anni francesi’ all’Unità
(Torino, 1993), and Edgardo Donati,
La Toscana nell’impero napoleonico
(Florence, 2008).

I

1
. John Milton,
Paradise Lost
(1664), book I, ll. 301–304.
2
. James Joyce, quoted by R. J. Schork, in
American Notes and Queries
, 4 (1991), p. 1.
3
. Florentia Agency,
www.florentina.org/florentia_walking-tours/pdf
(2008).
4
.
www.ricksteves.com/plan/destinations/italy/florence3.htm
(2008).
5
. Dante Alighieri,
Inferno
, canto XV, l. 85.
6
. ‘The Florence of Dante’,
www.aboutflorence.com/itineries-florence/dante.html
.
7
. Dante,
Inferno
, canto XXVI, ll. 1–3.
8
. Dante,
Purgatorio
, canto VI, ll. 127, 137, 148–51.
9
. J. R. Hale,
Machiavelli and Renaissance Italy
(London, 1961); Quentin Skinner,
Machiavelli: A Very Short Introduction
(Oxford, 2000); Niccolò Machiavelli,
The Prince
, ed. Q. Skinner (Cambridge, 1988).
10
.
www.aboutflorence.com/history
(2008).
11
. Frances Mayes,
Bella Tuscany: The Sweet Life in Italy
(London, 1999); Beth Elon,
Tasting Tuscany
(London, 2006); see also Kinta Beevor’s exquisite
A Tuscan Childhood
(London, 1993).
12
. Mayes,
Bella Tuscany
, pp. 56, 364.
13
. Tom Kington, ‘Italy’s Rising Star Vows to Banish Berlusconi Sleaze’,
Observer
(20 Feb. 2011).
14
. Philippe Jullian,
Violet Trefusis: A Biography
(London, 1976).
15
. David Leavitt,
Florence: A Delicate Case
(London, 2002), p. 87. See also: Oreste del Buono
et al
.,
Gli Anglo-Fiorentini: una storia d’amore
(Florence, 1987).

II

16
. A. H. Hilliard,
Napoleon’s Brothers
(Stroud, 2007); Margery Weiner,
The Parvenu Princesses: Elisa, Pauline and Caroline Bonaparte
(London, 1964).
17
. David Chandler,
The Campaigns of Napoleon
(London, 1966).
18
. E. Luard and J. Heseltine,
Truffles
(London, 2006), p. 37.
19
. Andrea Corsini,
Il Bonaparte a Firenze
(Florence, 1961).
20
. Marianna Starke,
Letters from Italy
(London, 1815), vol. 1, pp. 71–2.
21
. Ibid., pp. 203–12.
22
. J. G. Lockhart,
The History of Napoleon Bonaparte
(London, 1830), vol. 1, p. 41.
23
. ‘Bonaparte chez le Duc de Toscane, 1796’, lithographe, Paris,
c
. 1830. Kunstantiquariat Poligraphicum,
www.poligraphicum.de/napoleon.html
(2008).
24
. Starke,
Letters from Italy
, vol. 1, pp. 74–5.
25
. John Bergamini,
The Spanish Bourbons: History of a Tenacious Dynasty
(London, 1974).
26
. H. W. Williams,
Travels in Italy, Greece and the Ionian Islands
(Edinburgh, 1820), vol. 1, pp. 176–7.
27
. R. Duppa,
A Brief Account of the Subversion of the Papal Government, 1798
(London, 1807).
28
. F. C. Schneid,
Napoleon’s Conquest of Europe: The War of the Third Coalition
(Westport, Conn., 2005), p. 220.
29
. Constant [Louis Wairy],
The Private Life of Napoleon Bonaparte
(London, 1895), vol. 2, ch. VII.
30
. Ibid.
31
.
www.cgb.fr/monnaies/vso/v31/gb/monnaiesgbcbf6.htm
(2007).
32
. Teodor Uklanski,
Travels in Upper Italy, Tuscany, and the Ecclesiastical States… in 1808
–
9
(London, 1816), pp. 38–9.
33
. ‘Royaume d’Étrurie’,
http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/royaume_d’etrurie
(2007).
34
. Uklanski,
Travels
, p. 94.
35
. Starke,
Letters from Italy
, vol. 1, pp. 243–5.
36
. Ibid., pp. 249–53.
37
. Ibid., pp. 258–9.
38
. Stuart Woolf, ‘Introduction’ to Ivan Tognarini,
La Toscana nell’età rivoluzionaria e napoleonica
(Naples, 1985), p. 15.
39
. Giovanni Drei,
Regno d’Etruria (1801–1807)
(Modena, 1935), p. 46.
40
. Stuart Woolf, ‘Rationalisation and Social Conservatism, 1800–14’, in his
A History of Italy, 1700–1860: The Social Constraints of Political Change
(London, 1979), pp. 188  ff.
41
.
The Memoirs of the Queen of Etruria, written by herself (an addition to the memoirs of the Baron de Kolli)
(London, 1823), pp. 309–10.
42
. Uklanski,
Travels
, p. 67.
43
. ‘Royaume d’Étrurie’.
44
.
Memoirs
, pp. 313–14.
45
. Ibid., p. 314.
46
. Ibid., p. 137.
47
. Douglas Hilt,
Godoy and the Spanish Monarchs
(London, 1987).
48
. Woolf, ‘Rationalisation’, p. 206.
49
. Margaret O’Dwyer,
The Papacy in the Age of Napoleon and of the Restoration: Pius VII
,
1800
–
23
(Langham, Md., 1985).
50
.
Memoirs
, pp. 315–16.
51
. Michael Broers,
Napoleon’s Other War: Bandits, Rebels and their Pursuers in the Age of Revolutions
(Witney, 2010), p. 90.
52
. Ibid., p. 91.
53
. Ibid.
54
. Philippe Bordes, ‘Les Peintres Fabre et Benvenuti à la cour d’Elisa Bonaparte’, in P. Rosenberg (ed.),
Florence et la France: rapports sous la Révolution et l’Empire
(Paris, 1979), pp. 187–207.
55
.
Narrative of the Seizure and Removal of Pope Pius VII on
6
July 1809…
, trans. from the Italian (London, 1814), pp. 106–7.
56
.
Memoirs
, p. 318.
57
. Ibid., pp. 335–6.
58
. Roman Coppini,
Il gran-ducato di Toscana
, p. 187.
59
. Broers,
Napoleon’s Other War
, p. 92.
60
.
Memoirs
, pp. 339–40.
61
. Robert Christophe,
Napoleon on Elba
(London, 1964); Guy Godlewski,
Napoléon à l’île d’Elbe
(Paris, 2003).
62
. Adolphe Thiers,
Histoire du Consulat et de l’Empire
(Paris, 1861), vol. 19, pp. 51–3.
63
. Ibid.
64
. Norman Mackenzie,
The Escape from Elba: The Fall and Flight of Napoleon, 1814
–
15
(Oxford, 1982); Alan Schom,
One Hundred Days
(London, 1993).
65
. ‘Mot de Cambronne’, in
Dictionnaire encyclopédique Quillet
(Paris, 1935).
66
. Compare Dom Pierre, ‘La Vérité sur le Mot de Cambronne’, based on the testimony of a French eyewitness,
http://napoleon1er.perso.neuf.fr/mot_de_cambronne.html
(2009), with John White, ‘Cambronne’s words’ based on British testimony and discussed at
www.napoleon-series.org/research/miscellaneous/c_cambronne.html
(2010). In all probability Cambronne uttered both of the ‘m-words’ but prior to his capture.
67
. J. T. Tussaud,
The Chosen Four
(London, 1938).
68
. G. Ambert,
Le Général Drouot
(Tours, 1896).
69
. Antoine D’Ornano,
Maria Walewska, l’épouse polonaise de Napoléon
(Paris, 1937); C. Sutherland,
Napoleon’s Great Love
(London, 1979); Marian Brandys,
Kłopoty z pania
˛
Walewska
˛ (Warsaw, 1969); Françoise de Bernardy,
Alexandre Walewski: le fils polonais de Napoléon
(Paris, 1976); C. Hibbert,
Napoleon’s Women
(New York, 2002).
70
. Owen Connolly,
The Gentle Bonaparte: A Biography of Joseph, Napoleon’s Eldest Brother
(New York, 1968).
71
. Marcel Dupont,
Murat: cavalier, maréchal, prince et roi
(Paris, 1980).
72
. W. R. Villa-Urrutia,
La Reina de Etruria, do
ñ
a Maria Luisa de Borbón
(Madrid, 1923); Sixte, Prince of Bourbon-Parma,
La Reine d’Étrurie
(Paris, 1928). See also
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/maria_louisa_of_spain.duchess_of_lucca
(2008).
73
. Alain Decaux,
Napoleon’s Mother
(London, 1962).
74
. Williams,
Travels
, vol. 2, pp. 4–5.
75
. Ibid., vol. 1, p. 453.
76
. Len Ortzen,
Imperial Venus
(London, 1974).
77
. A Pietromarchi,
Lucien Bonaparte: prince romain
(Paris, 1985).
78
. P. T. Stroud,
The Emperor of Nature: Charles-Lucien Bonaparte and his World
(Philadelphia, 2000).
79
. Joan Bear,
Carolina Murat: A Biography
(London, 1972).
80
. Owen Connolly,
The Gentle Bonaparte: A Biography of Napoleon’s Elder Brother
(New York, 1968).
81
. F. M. Kircheisen,
Jovial King: Napoleon’s Youngest Brother
(London, 1932).
82
.
http://www.biography.com/articles/louis-bonaparte-9218602
.
83
. F. S. Bresler,
Napoleon III: A Life
(London, 1999).
84
. Hubert Cole,
The Betrayers: Joachim and Caroline Murat
(London, 1972).