Vanished Kingdoms: The Rise and Fall of States and Nations (137 page)

II

26
. Henryk Łowmiański,
The Ancient Prussians
(Toruń, 1936).
27
. See J. Mortimer Wheeler,
Rome Beyond the Imperial Frontiers
(London, 1955).
28
. D. Attwater,
Penguin Dictionary of Saints
(London, 1976), p. 30; Gerard Labuda (ed.),
Świe
˛
ty Wojciech w polskiej tradycji historiograficznej
(Warsaw, 1998).
29
. Eric Christiansen,
The Northern Crusades: The Baltic and the Catholic Frontier, 1100
–
1525
(London, 1997).
30
. Henryk Samsonowicz,
Konrad Mazowiecki
(Warsaw, 2008); Karol GÓrski,
Zakon Krzyz.acki a powstanie pa
ń
stwa pruskiego
(Wrocław, 1977).
31
. William Urban,
The Teutonic Knights: A Military History
(London, 2003); Udo Arnold (ed.),
Contributions to the History of the Teutonic Order
(Marburg, 1986).
32
. Peter of Duisberg,
Chronicon Terrae Prussiae
(Jena, 1679).
33
.
Livonian Rhymed Chronicle
, trans. Jerry Smith (Bloomington, Ind., 1977), quoted by Christiansen,
The Northern Crusades
; see also William Urban,
The Prussian Crusade
(Langham, Md., 1977).
34
. A. Chodzyński,
Malbork Castle
(Warsaw, 1982); Karol Górski,
Dzieje Malborka
(Gdynia, 1960).
35
. Fred Hoyle,
Copernicus: His Life and Work
(London, 1973); Maria Bogucka,
Copernicus: The Country and Times
(Wrocław, 1973).
36
.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/e%c5%82k
(2008).
37
.
http://donelaitis.vdu.lt/prussian/index.htm
(2008).
38
.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/old_prussian
(2008).
39
. Marian Biskup,
Zakon Krzyz.acki a Polska w
ś
redniowieczu
(Toruń  , 1987).
40
. E. Schmidt,
Die Mark Brandenburg unter den Askaniern, 1134
–
1320
(Cologne, 1973).
41
. Geoffrey Chaucer,
The Canterbury Tales
, ‘The Prologue’, ll. 43–6, 51–4.
42
. R. Kyngeston,
Expeditions to Prussia and the Holy Land made by Henry, Earl of Derby (afterwards King Henry IV)
(London, 1894).
43
. Stanisłaus F. Bełch,
The Contribution of Poland to the Development of the Doctrine of International Law: Paulus Vladimiri, decretorum doktor, 1409–1432
(London, 1964).
44
.
www.absoluteastronomy.com/topics/partition(politics)
(2008).
45
. Friedrich,
The Other Prussia
.
46
. Ibid., ch. 9, ‘Myths Old and New: The Royal Prussian Enlightenment.’
47
. Jan Matejko,
Hold Pruski
, ‘The Prussian Tribute’ (1882):
http://entertainment.webshots.com/photo/1419644023074695728kkcxmn
(2008).
48
. Janusz Małłek,
Dwie cze
˛ś
ci Prus: studia z dziej
ó
w Prus Ksia
˛z.e˛
cych i Prus Królewskich w XVI i XVII wieku
(Olsztyn, 1987), pp. 37–8.
49
. Treitschke, quoted Friedrich,
The Other Prussia
, introduction.
50
. M. Biskup (ed.),
The Teutonic State of Prussia in Polish Historiography
(Marburg, 1982).
51
. F. L. Carsten,
The Origins of Prussia
(Oxford, 1954).
52
. See Benedikt Stuchtey, ‘Imperialism and Frontier in British and German Historical Writing around 1900’, in B. Stuchtey and P. Wende (eds.),
British and German Historiography, 1750
–
1950
(New York, 2000).
53
. W. Hubatsch,
Albrecht of Brandenburg-Ansbach: Teutonic Grand Master and Duke of Prussia
(Heidelberg, 1967).
54
. See H. W. Koch,
A History of Prussia
(New York, 1978).
55
. Barbara Janiszewska-Mincer and Franciszek Mincer, ‘The Diet of 1621’, in their
Rzeczpospolita Polska a Prusy Ksia
˛z
.e
˛
ce w latach 1598
–
1621: Sprawa Sukcesji Brandenburskiej
(Warsaw, 1988), pp. 245ff.
56
. As from the Swedish civil war of the 1590s, the Polish Vasas claimed to be the legitimate kings of Sweden and the Swedish Vasas claimed to be the legitimate kings of Poland-Lithuania.
57
. Derek McKay,
The Great Elector
(Harlow, 2001).
58
. A. J. P. Taylor,
The Course of German History
(London, 1945), p. 28.
59
. Max Weber, ‘National Character and the Junkers’, in his
Essays on Sociology
(London, 1998); see also C. Torp,
Max Weber and the Prussian Junker
(Tübingen, 1998).
60
. Piers Paul Read,
The Junkers
(London, 1968); F. L. Carsten,
A History of the Prussian Junkers
(Aldershot, 1989).
61
. Ibid., p. vii.
62
. Norman Davies, ‘Vasa – the Swedish Connection’, in his
God’s Playground: A History of Poland
(Oxford, 1981), vol.1, pp. 433–669.
63
. Qu0ted in Friedrich,
The Other Prussia
, p. 152.
64
. Qu0ted ibid., p. 154.
65
. Ibid., pp. 154–5.
66
. R. Herion, ‘Fehrbelliner Reitermarsch’,
www.amisforte.nl/fehrbelliner.htm
(2008).
67
.
http://www.germanculture.com/ua/library/weekly/aa011801a.htm
.
68
. M. A. D. [
sic
],
The History of Prussia
(London, 1869), pp. 10–11.
69
.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/prussian_blue
(2008).
70
. Rudolf von Thadden, ‘Prussia: When Was It?’, in his
Prussia: The History of a Lost State
(Cambridge, 1987).
71
. G. P. Gooch, ‘The Prussian School’, in his
History and Historians in the Nineteenth Century
(London, 1913); R. Southward,
Droysen and the Prussian School of History
(Lexington, Ky., 1995).
72
. J. A. R. Marriott and Sir Charles Grant Robertson,
The Evolution of Prussia: The Making of an Empire
(Oxford, 1915), p. 11.
73
. A. J. P. Taylor,
Bismarck: The Man and the Statesman
(London, 1955); David Hargreaves,
Bismarck and German Unification
(Basingstoke, 1991).
74
. An Old Westminster King’s Scholar,
The Growth of Prussia from AD 1271 to AD 1871
(London, 1871), p. 30.
75
. Taylor,
Course of German History
, p. 7;
http://gotterdammerung.org/books/reviews/c/course-of-german-history.html
(2010).
76
. G. Hosking and R. Service (eds.),
Re-interpreting Russia
(Basingstoke, 1998); Robert Service,
Stalin: A Biography
(London, 2004); Richard Pipes,
Three ‘Whys’ of the Russian Revolution
(London, 1998); Robert Conquest,
The Dragons of Expectation: Reality and Delusion in the Course of History
(London, 2005).
77
. See Richard Evans on Timothy Snyder,
London Review of Books
(4 Nov. 2010).
78
. Clark,
Iron Kingdom
, p. 1.
79
. Norman Davies, ‘Preussen – the Prussian Partition, 1772–1918’, in his
God’s Playground
, vol. 2, pp. 112–38; see also E. Martuszewski,
Polscy i nie polscy Prusacy
(Olsztyn, 1974).
80
. ‘Koenigsberg’, in
Encyclopaedia Britannica
, 11th edn. (1911).
81
. Adolf Menzel,
Coronation of Wilhelm I in Koenigsberg in the Year 1861
(1865):
http://germanhistorydocs.ghi-dc.org/print_document.cfm?document_id=304
(2008).
82
. Friedrich von Bernhardi,
Germany and the Next War
, trans. Allen H. Powles (London, 1912).
83
. Niall Ferguson,
The Pity of War
(London, 1998), p. 461.
84
. W. L. Langer
et al.
,
Western Civilization
(Chicago, 1968), p. 528.
85
. Sergei Dobrorolski, ‘On the Mobilisation of the Russian Army, 1914’, in his
Voienniy Sbornik
(1922), trans.
www.vlib.us/wwi/resources/archives/texts/t040831b.html
(2008).
86
. K. Rosen-Zawadzki, ‘Karta buduszczej Jewropy’ (‘Map of the future Europe’),
Studia z dziej
ó
w ZSRR i Europy
Ś
rodkowej
(Wrocław, 1972), vol. 8, pp. 141–5, with map.
87
. Holger Herwig, ‘Tannenberg: Reality and Myth’ and ‘The Use and Abuse of History and the Great War’, in Jay Winter
et al
. (eds.),
The Great War and the Twentieth Century
(New Haven, 2000).
88
. Norman Davies,
White Eagle, Red Star: The Polish-Soviet War, 1919
–
20
(London, 1972).
89
. Dietrich Orlow,
Weimar Prussia, 1918
–
25
:
The Unlikely Rock of Democracy
(Pittsburgh, 1995); idem,
Weimar Prussia, 1925
–
33
:
The Illusion of Strength
(Pittsburgh, 1991).
90
. Michael Behrent, ‘Weimar Koenigsberg’, from ‘Research for the Max & Gilbert film
Koenigsberg is Dead
(2004)’:
www.do4d.de/k/ii_nation.html
(2008).
91
. Ibid.
92
. Service,
Stalin
, p. 273.
93
. Norman Davies,
Europe at War, 1939–1945: No Simple Victory
(London, 2006).
94
. RAF Bomber Command, campaign diary, August 1944,
www.raf.mod.uk/bombercommand/aug44.html
(2008).
95
.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/amber_room
(2008). see also Catherine Scott- Clark,
The Amber Room: The Untold Story of the Greatest Hoax of the Twentieth Century
(London, 2004).
96
. A.-M. De Zayas,
A Terrible Revenge: The Ethnic Cleansing of East European Germans, 1944
–
50
(Basingstoke, 2006); Christopher Duffy,
Red Storm on the Reich: The Soviet March on Germany
(London, 1991).
97
. C. Dobson
et al
.,
The Cruellest Night: Germany’s Dunkirk and the Sinking of the
Wilhelm Gustloff (London, 1979). In 2002 a monument was raised in Kaliningrad to Alexander Marinesko, the captain of the Soviet submarine which sank the
Gustloff
. See photo:
www.flikr.com/photos/sludgeulper/3273776945/
(2008).
98
.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/battle_of_k%c3%b6nigsberg
; see also Isabel Glenny,
The Fall of Hitler’s Fortress City: The Battle for Koenigsberg
,
1945