Vanished Kingdoms: The Rise and Fall of States and Nations (138 page)

(London, 2007); Antony Beevor,
Berlin: The Downfall, 1945
(London, 2002).
99
. Graf Hans von Lehndorff, quoted by Applebaum,
Between East and West
, pp. 18–19.
100
. David Shukman, ‘On the Trail of the Amber Room’, BBC News, 1 August 1998:
http://news.bbc.co.uk./1/hi/world/europe/143364.stm
(2008).
101
. Karl Potrek, quoted by Applebaum,
Between East and West
, p. 19.
102
. Applebaum,
Between East and West
, pp. 25–6. Marion Dönhoff,
Before the Storm: Memories of my Youth in Old Prussia
(New York, 1990).
103
. ‘Agreements of the Berlin (Potsdam) Conference, 17 July–2 August 1945’,
www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/truman/psources/ps_potsdam.html
(2008).
104
. Polish–Soviet Treaty of Friendship and Co-operation, 21 April 1945; see Davies,
God’s Playground
, vol. 2, pp. 558–9.
105
. ‘Abolition of the State of Prussia’, US State Department,
Germany, 1945–47: The Story in Documents
(Washington, 1950), p. 151.

III

106
. Thadden,
Prussia: The History of a Lost State,
p. 125.
107
. Florian Illies, ‘Prussia’s Most Beautiful Jewel’,
dot De Magazin-Deutschland
(13 Nov. 2009).
108
. Merriam-Webster online,
www.yourdictionary.com
(2009).
109
. Ausstellungskatalog,
Preussen versuch einer Bilanz
(1981):
www.hdg.de/lemo/objekte/pikt/…katalogpreussen/index.htm
(2008).
110
. ‘Prussia 2001’,
www.germanculture.com.u/library/weekly/aa0111801a.htm
(2008).
111
.
www.preussen-2001.de/en/programm/landesausstellung.html
(2008).
112
.
Power and Friendship: Berlin–St Petersburg, 1800–1917: Rediscovering an Era of European History
,
www.spsg.de/macht_und_feundschaft_pressetext/eng.pdf
(2008).
113
. Agnes Miegel, from ‘Es war ein Land’,
http://www.alt-rehse.de/heimat-preussen.htm
(2011), trans. Norman Davies.
114
. Bernd Längin,
Unvergessene Heimat Ostpreussen: Städte, Landschaften,
u
nd Menschen auf alten Fotos
(Dusseldorf, 1995).

CHAPTER 8. SABAUDIA

Bibliographical Note
. Since it cannot be fitted tidily into French, Swiss or Italian history, Savoy is frequently overlooked. No standard survey has been published in English, either of the land of Savoy or of the House of Savoy. Indeed, British library catalogues give more space to religious matters in seventeenth-century Savoy than to all other Savoyard topics. Of course, specific studies have been addressed to particular people, periods or episodes. But an introduction to the historical identity of Savoy remains extremely elusive. French historians, such as Henri Ménabréa,
Histoire de Savoie
(Paris, 1933, 1960), find great difficulty in transcending the concept of Savoy merely as a province of France. Interest in the
Casa Savoia
is largely, if not exclusively, Italian. Jacques Lovie,
Savoie
(Grenoble, 1973) is much quoted; and a recent study by Robert Colonna d’Istria,
Histoire de la Savoie
(Paris, 2002) brings an open-minded approach to the subject. A polemical study by Jean Pignon,
Savoie fran
ç
aise: histoire d’un pays annexe
(St Gingolphe, 1996), illustrates the convictions of the separatist minority.

I

1
. RAI bulletin, 3 June 2008:
www.televideo.rai.it/televideo/pub/popupultimanotizia.jsp?id=393939
.
2
. ‘Napolitano alla Festa del 2 giugno’,
www.repubblica.it/2008/06/sezioni/politica/due-giugno-2008
(2008).
3
. P. Kammerer, ‘Italy’s Enduring President’,
Le Monde diplomatique
(English edn.) (1 Aug. 2008).
4
.
www.quirinale.it/simboli/emblema/emblema-aa.htm
(2008).
5
. ‘L’inno nazionale’,
www.radiomarconi.com/marconi/mameli1.html
(2010).
6
. ‘E la festa della Repubblica diventa la festa di Silvio’,
www.repubblica.it/2008/06/sezioni/politica/due-guigno-2008/
(2008).
7
.
http://ena.lu/referendum-constitution-italy-1946-020703683.html
(2010).
8
.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/umberto_ii_of_italy
(2008).

II

9
. Bayle St John,
The Subalpine Kingdom: or, Experiences and Studies in Savoy, Piedmont and Genoa
, 2 vols. (London, 1856), vol. 1, pp. 141–3.
10
. Claude Genoux,
Histoire de Savoie
(Annecy, 1852), p. 68.
11
. E. Cox,
The Green Count of Savoy
(Princeton, 1967).
12
. Jean d’Orville ‘Cabaret’,
La Chronique de Savoie
(Les Marches, 1995), ‘Comment le comte Pierre devint seigneur du Pays de Vaud’, pp. 108–9.
13
. Robert Somerville,
The Savoy: Manor, Hospital, Chapel
(London, 1960); Compton Mackenzie,
The Savoy of London
(London, 1953).
14
. J. N. D. Kelly,
The Oxford Dictionary of Popes
(Oxford, 1986), pp. 243–4.
15
. A. S. Barnes,
The Holy Shroud of Turin
(London, 1934); H. E. Gove,
Relic, Icon or Hoax? Carbon Dating the Turin Shroud
(Bristol, 1996); R. Hoare,
The Turin Shroud is Genuine: The Irrefutable Evidence
(London, 1994).
16
. Quoted by E. Ricotti (1861) in
Encyclopaedia Britannica
, 11th edn. (1911).
17
. Margaret Trouncer,
The Gentleman Saint: Francis de Sales and his Times
(London, 1973).
18
. J.-P. Fouchy,
Et Nice devient le port de Savoie
(Cannes, 2008).
19
. Nicholas Henderson,
Prince Eugen of Savoy
(London, 1964).
20
. C. Storrs,
War, Diplomacy and the Rise of Savoy, 1690
–
1720
(Cambridge, 1999).
21
. John Campbell,
The Present State of Europe
, 6th edn. (London, 1761), p. 380.
22
. Ibid., pp. 398–402.
23
. J. Dessaix,
La Savoie historique et pittoresque,
2 vols. (Annecy, 1854).
24
.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/chant_des_allobroges
(2008). One of several stanzas that are often omitted refers to Poland’s struggle for freedom: ‘
Relève-toi ma Pologne héroïque
/
Car pour t’aider je m’avance à grands pas,
/
Secoue enfin ton sommeil léthargique
/
Et je le veux, et je le veux, tu ne périras pas!
’ (‘Arise, my heroic Poland, / for I’m striding to your aid. / Shake off your lethargic sleep / I wish it, wish it: you will not die!’). Quoted by Liliana Batko-Sonik, ‘Stan wojenny w Małopolsce: relacje i dokumenty’ (Kraków, n.d.), p. 19.
25
. César Vidal,
Charles Albert et le risorgimento italien
(Paris, 1932).
26
. C. Jemolo
et al
.,
Lo Statuto Albertino
(Florence, 1946).
27
. ‘John Beckwith’,
Encyclopaedia Britannica
, 11th edn.
28
. Quoted at
www.search.com/reference/victor_emmanuel_ii_of_italy
(2008).
29
. Denis Mack Smith,
Victor Emanuel, Cavour and the Risorgimento
(London, 1971); idem,
Cavour
(London, 1985); Maurice Paléologue,
Cavour
(London, 1927, 1970).
30
.
www.quotesdaddy.com
(2010).
31
. Sylvain Milbach,
L’
É
veil politique de la Savoie: conflits ordinaires et rivalités nouvelles
,
1848
–
1853
(Rennes, 2008).
32
. Justin Godart,
A Lyon, en 1848: les Voraces
(Paris, 1948).
33
. St John,
The Subalpine Kingdom
, vol. 1, pp. 19–20, 72–4.
34
. Ibid., pp. 156–64.
35
. Edward Gibbon,
Gibbon’s Journey from Geneva to Rome…
, ed. G. A. Bonnard (London, 1961), p. 18, quoted by H. Trevor-Roper,
History and Enlightenment
(London, 2010), p. 10.
36
.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/house_of_savoy
(2008).
37
. Orsini Letters, in Paléologue,
Cavour
, ch. IV, pp. 105–46.
38
. C. Bayly (ed.),
Mazzini and the Globalisation of Democratic Nationalism
(Oxford, 2008).
39
. Donn Byrne,
Garibaldi: The Man and the Myth
(Oxford, 1998).
40
. Denis Mack Smith,
Cavour and Garibaldi: A Study in Political Conflict
(Cambridge, 1985).
41
. Claude Dufresne,
La Comtesse de Castiglione
(Paris, 2002); Giuseppe Borghetti,
L’Ambasciatrice de Cavour
(Rome, 1933); P. Apraxine and X. Demange,
La Comtesse Divine: Photographs of the Countess of Castiglione
(New Haven, 2001).
42
. Paléologue,
Cavour
, ch. V, pp. 149–71.
43
. Franco-Sardinian Treaty, 1860:
http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/traite_de_turin_1860
(2008).
44
. ‘Annonce d’un referendum et appel au calme’, 10 March 1860:
www.savoie.fr/archives73/expo-affiches-1860/index.html
(2010).
45
. Napoleon III, 21 March 1860:
http://newspapers.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/1206057
.
46
. Lovie,
Savoie
, pp. 38–41.
47
. Ibid., p. 37.
48
. Ménabréa,
Histoire de Savoie
, pp. 231–2.
49
. Lovie,
Savoie
, p. 41.
50
. Ibid., pp. 43–5.
51
. Ménabréa,
Histoire de Savoie
, p. 347.
52
. Lovie,
Savoie
, p. 48.
53
.
Encyclopaedia Britannica
, 11th edn.
54
.
www.quotesdaddy.com
.
55
.
www.biographicon.com/view/5roil
(2010).
56
. Cecil Headlam, in
Harmsworth Universal Encyclopedia
(London, 1925).
57
. Denis Mack Smith,
Italy and its Monarchs
(New Haven, 1969), p. 342.

III

58
. Robert Katz,
The Fall of the House of Savoy
:
A Study in the Relevance of the Commonplace or the Vulgarity of History
(London, 1971).
59
. See:
www.regalis.com/reg/savgen
, also
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/…htm
, Category: ‘Pretenders to the Italian Throne’.
60
.
www.crocerealedisavoia.it/index.htm
(2010).
61
. ‘Right Royal Punch-up’,
Guardian
(29 May 2004); see also
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/vittorio_emanuele,_prince_of_naples
(2010).
62
. ‘Prince admits killings on video’,
Sunday Times
, 27 Feb. 2011; Birgit Hamer,
Delitto senza Castigo: la vera storia di Vittorio Emanuele
(Civitavecchio, 2011).
63
.
http://www.vin-de-savoie.fr
.
64
.
Alpes du Nord
, Michelin Guide Vert (Paris, 2007), p. 30.
65
.
www.tourisme.savoiehautesavoie.com
(2008).
66
.
Alpes du Nord
, p. 88.
67
. Communauté du Chemin Neuf,
L’Abbaye de Hautecombe
(Lyon, n.d.).
68
.
www.chateauthorens.fr
(2008).
69
. Maison de la Maurienne,
Guide Patrimoine
(St Jean, n.d.), pp. 7–8; also
www.maurienne-tourisme.com
(2010).
70
. Ménabréa,
Histoire de Savoie
, p. 674.
71
. Colonna d’Istria,
Histoire de la Savoie
, pp. 243–4.
72
. Projet de Constitution de la Federation Savoisienne,
http://notre.savoie.free.fr/infos/inf052.htm
(2008).
73
.
www.sabaudia.org/v2/dossiers/dos-histoire.php
(2010).
74
. ‘150ème Anniversaire de l’Entrevue de Plombières’,
www.categorynet.com/communiques-de-presse/histoire
(2008).
75
. Open letter to the president of the Rhône-Alpes region, Arpita News, 27 June 2008,
http://blog.regionleman.com/2008/06/07
(2008).
76
. David Gilmour,
The Pursuit of Italy: A History of a Land, its Regions and their Peoples
(London, 2011), p. 399.
77
. Kammerer, ‘Italy’s Enduring President’.