Read Transitional Justice in the Twenty-First Century: Beyond Truth versus Justice Online
Authors: Naomi Roht-Arriaza
Transitional Justice in the Twenty-First Century: Beyond Truth versus Justice (62 page)
[1]
Naomi Roht‐Arriaza,
The Pinochet Effect: Transnational Justice in the Age of Human Rights
(University of Pennsylvania Press, 2005).
[2]
Ellen Lutz and Kathryn Sikkink, “The Justice Cascade: The Evolution and Impact of Foreign Human Rights Trials in Latin America”, (2001)
Chicago Journal of International Law
, 2, p. 1.
[3]
Prosecutor
v.
Furundzija
, judgment of December 10, 1998, para. 155.
[4]
Barrios Altos (
Chumbipuma Aguirre y otros
v.
Peru
), March 14, 2001.
[5]
Protocol Additional II to the 1949 Geneva Conventions relating to the Protection of Victims of Non‐International Armed Conflicts, (1979) 1125 UNTS 609.
[6]
Convention Against Torture, Art. 5; Genocide Convention, Art. 5; Geneva Conventions “grave breaches” provisions, e.g. Geneva Convention I, Art. 49; II, Art. 50; III, Art. 129; IV, Art. 146; Inter‐American Convention on Enforced and Involuntary Disappearances.
[7]
Witness to Truth: Report of the Sierra Leone Truth and Reconciliation Commission
, Vol. 3B, Freetown, 2004, Chapter VI, paras. 11–12.
[8]
Ibid
.
, para. 12.
[9]
Christine Bell,
Peace Agreements and Human Rights
(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000).
[10]
See Chapter
10
.
[11]
See Chapter
10
.
Ad hoc tribunals
10
See also
International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY)
International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR)
Afghanistan
Afghan Independent Human Rights Commission
268
-
270
,
270
-
271
Afghan New Beginnings Program
262
Afghan Transitional Administration
264
Bonn Agreement
259
-
260
,
262
,
263
,
264
,
267
,
268
Karzai, Hamed
256
,
264
,
265
,
266
,
268
,
269
Loya Jirga
264
,
264
,
264
,
264
,
264
,
265
,
265
,
265
,
266
,
266
Marxist‐Leninist People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan
257
,
257
Northern Alliance
262
Pashtun
260
,
261
-
262
,
265
,
266
,
266
,
272
Rabbani, Burhanuddin
258
,
263
,
271
Tajik Shura‐i Nazar
260
,
260
,
260
,
263
,
265
,
265
,
265
Taliban
255
,
256
,
256
,
258
-
260
,
261
,
268
,
271
,
272
,
272
,
272
,
272
UN Assistance Mission in Afghanistan
260
,
264
,
270
,
271
US opposition to an Independent Expert
270
Al‐Jazeera
249
American Convention of Human Rights
76
Amnesties
29
-
30
,
33
,
45
,
72
,
76
,
125
-
126
,
126
,
154
,
249
,
261
-
262
,
306
,
313
-
314
,
316
-
317
Amnesty International
110
,
112
,
236
,
283
,
285
,
296
Argentina
Amnesty
316
Cavallo, Ricardo Miguel
319
,
319
Extradition requests
317
Grandmothers of the Plaza de Mayo
314
,
319
-
320
Inter‐American System
303
Menem, Carlos
307
,
307
,
314
,
314
,
315
National Commission on Disappearances (CONADEP)
304
,
305
,
305
,
308
Truth Trials
316
Videla, Rafael
304
-
305
,
306
,
314
,
314
,
315
,
315
,
315
,
316
Cambodia
Extraordinary Chambers
144
Chad
Abakar, Mohamat Hassan
282
,
286
-
288
Centre de Recherches et de Coordination de Renseignements
(CRCR)
282
,
283
,
285
Chadian Association for the Promotion and Defense of Human Rights
286
Chadian Association of Victims of Political Repression and Crimes (AVCRP)
280
,
284
,
284
,
285
,
285
,
285
,
286
,
287
-
289
,
291
,
292
,
293
,
294
,
296
,
296
,
296
,
297
,
297
,
297
Documentation and Security Directorate (DDS)
279
-
281
,
282
-
283
,
285
,
287
,
289
,
289
,
292
,
292
Fransen, Judge
288
,
289
,
289
,
290
,
290
Guengueng, Souleymane
284
,
285
,
293
Hadjeraï
281
Kandji, Demba
287
Moudeïna, Maître
293
Patriotic Front for Salvation (MPS)
282
-
285
See
Truth and Reconciliation Commissions
Wade, Abdoulaye
287
,
287
,
288
,
288
Civil war
22
Alternative punishments
129
Autodefensas Unidas de Colombia
(AUC)
123
,
124
-
127
,
136
Domestic and international law interaction
121
,
131
-
137
Drug cartels
123
Ejército de Liberación Nacional
(ELN)
122
,
124
,
124
,
136
Ejército Popular de Liberación
(EPL)
122
Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia
(FARC)
122
,
124
,
124
,
136
Justice and Peace Law
127
La Violencia
122
Movimiento 19 de Abril
122
National Commission on Reparations and Reconciliation
130
-
131
,
134
See
Truth and Reconciliation Commissions
Partido Revolucionario de los Trabajadores
122
Santa Fe de Ralito Accord
125
,
126
Social Solidarity Network
130
Tribunales Superiores de Distrito Judicial
128
Complementarity
301
Customary international law
52
,
286
,
317
-
318
Darfur
279
Abolition of
30
Disappeared
70
Argentina
30
,
304
,
314
,
315
,
315
,
316
,
317
,
318
,
319
,
319
Mexico
95
,
96
,
97
,
99
,
100
,
101
,
101
,
102
,
105
,
107
,
108
,
109
,
114
,
115
Peru
70
East Timor
See
Timor Leste
European Court of Human Rights
214
-
215
Exhumation
70
,
84
,
84
,
160
,
249
,
272
,
283
Extradition
99
,
121
,
123
,
136
,
136
,
283
,
285
,
287
,
315
,
318
,
319
-
320
Female genital mutilation
32
-
33
Genocide
22
,
99
,
108
,
108
,
114
,
152
,
206
-
223
,
235
,
245
,
316
Human Rights Watch
36
,
235
,
236
,
249
,
280
,
286
,
286
,
286
,
290
,
290
,
291
,
293
,
295
Hybrid tribunals
10
,
49
-
60
,
143
-
163
,
181
,
313
See also
Timor Leste
Sierra Leone,
Indonesia
See
Timor Leste
Insider–outsider coalition
311
,
319
Inter‐American Court of Human Rights
73
,
73
,
74
,
74
,
77
,
77
,
121
,
133
,
134
,
303
,
303
,
314
Inter‐American Commission on Human Rights
110
,
136
-
137
,
305
Inter‐American Convention on Forced Disappearance of Persons
110
International Center for Transitional Justice
34
,
231
,
241
,
245
,
245
,
247
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
303
,
303
International Criminal Court (ICC)
7
,
7
,
13
,
51
,
53
,
121
,
136
-
137
,
150
,
236
,
236
,
285
,
301
,
320
,
326
,
328
International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR)
50
,
51
,
60
,
146
,
156
,
208
,
208
,
208
,
209
-
212
International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY)
48
,
50
,
60
,
146
,
156
,
157
,
237
,
313
-
314
,
329
International Federation of Human Rights Leagues
280
Iraq
Accreditation Review Committees (ARCs)
241
Anfal
245
Bremer, Paul
229
,
230
,
231
,
232
,
236
,
240
-
242
,
243
,
244
,
246
,
246
,
247
,
248
Central Criminal Court of Iraq
238
Chalabi, Ahmad
242
,
242
,
243
,
243
,
243
,
244
Chalabi, Salem
238
Coalition Provisional Authority
232
,
234
,
236
,
237
,
238
,
240
,
241
,
241
,
243
,
243
,
243
,
244
,
244
,
244
,
246
,
246
,
247
,
248
,
248
,
248
,
249
,
249
,
249