Transitional Justice in the Twenty-First Century: Beyond Truth versus Justice (63 page)

De‐Ba'athification
239
-
244

Higher National De‐Ba'athification Commission (HNDC)
242
,
242
,
243
,
243
,
244
,
244

Iraqi De‐Ba’athification Council
241

Diamond, Larry
230
,
248

Dohan Al‐Hassan, Malek
247

Hussein, Saddam
231
,
231
,
235
,
237
,
238
,
238
,
239
,
240
,
240
,
241

Iraqi Bar Association
247

Iraqi Governing Council
232
,
235
,
235
,
236
,
242
,
244
,
244

Iraqi Special Tribunal for Crimes Against Humanity (Special Tribunal)
230
,
236
-
239
,
236
,
246
,
249

Kurds
231
,
232
,
240

Prosper, Pierre‐Richard
237
,
237

Regime Crimes Liaison Office
237

Reparations
247
-
248

Shia
231
,
232

Sunnis
232
,
240

Truth Commission
245
-
246

See
Truth and Reconciliation Commissions

United Nations, absence of
232
,
236

Viera de Mello, Sergio
235

Justice cascade
308
-
313

Legal opportunity structure
286
,
312
,
314

Mexico
94
-
115

Asociación de Familiares de Desaparecidos de México
(AFADEM)
102
,
112

Citizens' Support Committee
103
,
104
,
104
,
104
,
105
,
114

Comité Eureka
96
,
102
,
111

Comité de Madres de Desaparecidos Políticos
96

Creel, Santiago
96
,
100
,
101

Dirección Federal de Seguridad
95
,
101
,
106
,
106
,
107

Dirección General de Investigaciones Sociales y Políticas
106

Fox, Vicente
94
,
94
,
97
-
99
,
107
-
108
,
109
-
110

Garzón, Judge Baltazar
47
,
98

Haro, Miguel Nazar
106
,
107

ICC

Resistance to
99

Ibarra de Piedra, Rosario
97
,
102
,
111
,
114

Partido Revolucionario Institucional
(PRI)
94
,
95
,
108
,
110
,
112
,
113
,
115

Kidnapping
107
-
108

Liga Comunista 23 de Septiembre
108

Macedo de la Concha, Rafael
98
-
99
,
103
,
110

Military Justice
109
-
110

Partido Acción Nacional
(PAN)
94
,
96
,
100
,
110

Comisión Nacional de Derechos Humanos
(CNDH)
97
,
97
,
100
,
101
,
102

See
Truth and Reconciliation Commission

Prieto, Ignacio Carrillo
Procuraduría General de la República
104
,
104
,
106
,
107
,
108
,
108
,
109
,
110
,
112
,
112
,
114

Salinas, Carlos
97
-
100

Soberanes, José Luis
100
,
101

Tlatelolco Massacre
95
,
103
,
104
,
111

Peru

Amnesty laws
76
-
78

Barrios Altos
case
73
,
73
,
76

Belaúnde, Fernando
72
,
77

Chuschi
case
83
,
84
,
86

El Frontón
84

Fujimori, Alberto
72
,
72
,
74
,
74
,
155

Human Rights Ombudsman
73
,
84
,
84
,
88

Huanta
case
83
,
86
-
87

Intelligence services
72

Ministerio Publico

See
Relationship between truth and prosecution

Montesinos, Vladimiro
74

Paniagua, Valentín
74
,
75
,
76
-
78

Comisión de la Verdad y Reconciliación
70
-
91

See
Truth and Reconciliation Commissions

Relationship between truth and prosecution
83
-
89

Shining Path
71
,
74
,
77

Supreme Court of Peru
76

Truth‐telling and legal evidence
78
-
83

Tupac Amaru Revolutionary Movement
71
,
74
,
76
,
76
,
77

Plural legal systems,

See also
Customary law
Rwanda
Timor Leste

Political opportunity structure
301
,
302
,
305
,
320
,
320

Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights on the Rights of Women in Africa
32

Moammar Qaddafi
27
,
278

Reparations
5
,
59
,
104
,
107
,
129
,
130
-
131
,
134
-
136
,
247
-
248
,
295
,
325

Restorative justice
34
,
159
,
176
-
203
,
213
-
214

Rule of law
44
-
48
,
57
,
165
,
330

Rwanda

Bizimungu, Pasteur
210

Confession policy
222

Gacaca,

Competence of judges
214
-
215

Due process concerns
216
-
219

History and origin of
209
-
212

Human rights concerns
212
-
213

Lack of local knowledge
220
-
221

National service of Gacaca jurisdictions
210

Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF)
206
,
208
,
208
,
212
-
213
,
221

Shortcomings of the ICTR
208
-
209

Solidarity camps
206

Sexual crimes
24
,
31
,
31
,
32
,
178
,
257

Sierra Leone,

1965 Criminal Procedure Act
49
,
57

Abidjan Peace Agreement
22
,
34
,
34

All People's Congress
22

Armed Forces Revolutionary Council
44
-
48

Bockarie, Sam
49
-
60

Civil Defence Forces
28
,
44
-
48
,
54
,
59

Crane, David
36

Kabbah, Tejan
26
,
26
,
26
,
30
,
44
,
44
,
44
,
46
,
59

Koroma, Johnny Paul
44
,
46
,
49

Norman, Sam Hinga
44
,
46

Lomé Peace Agreement
22
,
22
,
23
,
23
,
29
-
30
,
31
-
32
,
46
,
47
,
52
,
52
,
55

Revolutionary United Front
22
,
22
,
28
,
28
,
28
,
29
,
30
,
32
,
33
,
36
,
44
-
45
,
47
,
53

Robertson, Geoffrey
36

Sanko, Foday
44
,
44
,
45
-
46
,
45
,
48

Sierra Leone Army
44

Special Court for Sierra Leone
21
,
23
,
33
-
38
,
46
-
61

See
Hybrid tribunals

Taylor, Charles
27
,
46
,
49
,
50
,
50
,
52
,
52

Truth and Reconciliation Commission
21
-
38
,
54
-
57

See
Truth and Reconciliation Commissions

and children
32
-
33

and the Special Court
33
-
38

and women
31
-
32

South Africa

South African Truth and Reconciliation Commission
24
,
27

See
Truth and Reconciliation Commissions

Soviet Union
178
,
257
,
258
-
260

Spain
98
-
99
,
316
-
317

Timor Leste

Adat
189
-
191

Ad Hoc Human Rights Court
143
,
156

See
Ad hoc tribunals

Commission for Reception, Truth and Reconciliation (CAVR)
143
,
144
,
153
-
155
,
177
,
177
,
182
-
183
,
185
-
186
,
185
,
194
,
196
,
197
-
198

See
Truth and Reconciliation Commissions

Community Reconciliation Procedures
153
-
154
,
155
,
184
-
194

Shortcomings
194
-
197

Dili District Court
148
,
197
,
198
,
198
,
199
,
200

Domestic and international law interaction
86
-
87

FALINTIL
145
,
152
,
152

Fretilin
178

Gusmão, Xanana
155
,
157
,
160

Habibie, President
144
,
179

Indonesian Human Rights Commission
146
,
156

Judicial infrastructure
147
-
152

Jakarta trials
144
,
156
-
157

Kraras massacre
155

Serious Crimes Unit
182
-
183
,
196
,
199
,
199
,
200
,
200
,
201

Special panels for serious crimes
143
,
144
,
144
,
148
-
151
,
164

Required acts of reconciliation
193
-
194

Suharto, General
146
,
179
,
181

Wiranto, General
157
,
157
,
160

Traditional dispute resolution

See
Rwanda
Timor Leste

Transnational human rights networks
50
,
302

Truth and Reconciliation Commissions

Argentina
305
,
316

Chad
282
,
295

Chile
3

Colombia
130
-
131
,
134

Mexico
97
-
100
,
97
,
97
,
100
,
101
,
102
,
109
,
112
,
115

Peru
70
-
91

Sierra Leone
21
-
38
,
54
-
57

South Africa
4

Timor Leste
143
,
144
,
153
-
155
,
177
,
177
,
182
-
183
,
185
-
186
,
185
,
194
,
196
,
197
-
198

Iraq
245
-
246

United Nations
22
,
33
,
35
,
45
,
46
,
143
,
159
,
160
,
222
,
232
,
236
-
239

UN Assistance Mission in Afghanistan
260
,
264
,
270
,
271

UN Charter – Chapter VII
50
,
156
,
302