The Train to Crystal City: FDR's Secret Prisoner Exchange (58 page)

war context and risks in,
188
,
193

Rifkind, Simon H.,
273

Roosevelt, Anna,
236

Roosevelt, Eleanor

death of Roosevelt and,
235
–36,
323

Gila River camp visit of,
148
–49

Hoover’s investigation of,
27
–28

Japanese American internees and,
148
–49

race relations and,
52
,
323

rights of immigrants and,
19
–20,
22
,
31
–32,
33
,
50
,
51

Roosevelt’s internment policies and,
21
–22,
34
,
149

United Nations delegation with,
323

visit to West Coast by,
19
–21

World War II and,
28
,
214

Roosevelt, Franklin D.,
xvii
,
4
,
5

anti-Semitism against Jewish advisers of,
75
,
99

arrest and internment policies of,
23
–24,
28
–29,
32
–34,
77
,
149
,
152
,
162
,
177
,
262
,
320
,
322

Biddle’s support for,
32
–33,
152

Black Tom incident and,
24
–25

death of,
234
–36

declaration of war by,
159

Eleanor Roosevelt’s activism and,
21
–22,
34
,
50
,
51
,
149

exchange of Japanese prisoners of war and,
124

Harrison’s resignation from INS and,
177

Hoover’s investigation of Eleanor and,
27
–28

Ingrid Eiserloh’s letter to,
86

Japanese Americans as soldiers and,
139
,
143
–44

Jewish question and immigration restrictions and,
177
,
229
–31

Kuhn and the Bund and,
99

Liberty ships and,
232

Nazis and Nazi sympathizers investigation and,
26
–27

New Deal of,
21
,
44
,
72
,
99
,
229
–30

Pearl Harbor attack and,
30
–31

War Refugee Board set up by,
264

World War II and,
28
–29,
236

Yalta meeting between Churchill and Stalin and,
214

Zangara’s attack on,
25

Roosevelt, Sara Delano,
21

Rosensaft, Hadassah,
266
,
267
,
268

Rosensaft, Josef,
266
–68

Rowe, James H.,
33

Rubinstein, Helena,
98
–99

San Antonio, Texas, internment camp,
43
,
89
,
100

Santa Fe Internment Camp, New Mexico,
121
,
126
,
143
,
147
,
165
,
166

Sasaki, Sachi,
174

Sawamura, Hollywood,
136

Schlueter case,
307

schools

at Crystal City,
134
–35,
163
,
233
,
296
,
299
.
See also
Federal School; German School; Japanese School

at Gila River camp, Arizona,
148

at Heart Mountain camp, Wyoming,
128
–29

Seagoville, Texas, internment camp,
40
–41,
43
,
56
,
189

Shepard, Bert,
194
,
323
–24

Shimahara, Kazuko,
112

Shimatsu, Kiyo,
314
,
315

Smith, Pamela,
57

Soong, T. V.,
50
,
51

Spain (Spanish consul), as protecting power for Japanese internees,
154
–55,
169
,
171
,
299

Special War Problems Division, State Department,
28
,
39
,
54
,
78
,
96
,
122
,
123
,
165

Stalin, Joseph,
214
,
323

Stannard, Amy,
40
,
41
,
56

State Department,
28
,
39
,
41
,
54
,
62
,
103
,
124
–25,
184
,
185
–86,
230
,
231
,
265
,
321

Special War Problems Division of,
28
,
39
,
54
,
78
,
96
,
122
,
123
,
165

Stern, Mrs.,
292
,
314

Stinson, Henry,
23

Straus, Nathan Jr.,
230

Stringtown, Oklahoma, internment camp,
79
–81

Supreme Court,
322
–23

Suran, R. C.,
100

Sussman, Margaret,
285
–86

Sussman, Peter,
285
,
286

Switzerland, as protecting power for German internees,
44
,
93
,
299

Tajii, Min,
256
,
257
,
291

Takeuchi, Toni,
179

Taname, Sachiko,
178
–79

Taniguchi, Alan,
xviii
,
xix
,
145
,
146
,
147
,
148
,
149
–51,
316
,
317

Taniguchi, Evan,
xix

Taniguchi, Isamu,
xviii
–xix,
145
,
146
–47,
149
–51,
246

Taniguchi, Izumi,
145
–46,
147
–48,
149
–51

Taniguchi, Rose,
136

Taniguchi, Sadayo,
145
,
147
,
150
,
151

Taniguchi Garden, Austin, Texas,
xviii
,
xix

Tate, R. C. (Robert Clyde),
134
–36,
169
–70,
172
,
238
,
244

Texas Rangers,
44

Theresienstadt concentration camp, Czechoslovakia,
206
,
243

Thompson, Malvina,
27

Time
magazine,
29
,
231
–32

Tomita, Ella Ohta,
243
,
246

Tomita, Toni,
237
,
317
,
318

Topaz internment camp, Delta, Utah,
162
–63

Toriu, Tsurukichi,
177

Truman, Harry S.

Clark on Supreme Court by,
322

Eleanor Roosevelt in UN delegation and,
323

Jewish displaced persons and,
263
,
264
,
265
,
269
–72,
274

Nuremberg tribunal and,
322

as president after Roosevelt’s death,
236

repatriation of alien enemies and,
246
,
298
,
307

surrender of Germany and,
323

Tsukamoto, Mary,
140
–41

Tujunga detention center, California,
17
–18

Tule Lake relocation camp, California,
150
,
171

Tully, Grace,
33

Ulrich, Werner,
xiii

United Nations, and Eleanor Roosevelt,
235
–36,
323

United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA),
211
,
223
,
224
–25,
284

Uno, Buddy,
141
–42,
143
,
144

Uno, Edison,
144
–45

Uno, Ernest (“Ernie”),
143
–44,
151

Uno, George,
141
,
142
–43,
144

Uno, Howard,
144
,
151

Uno, Kay,
142
,
144

Uno, Riki,
144
,
142
,
143
,
144

Uno, Robert,
144

Uno, Stanley,
144
,
151

Utsushigawa, Nobu

daily life in Crystal City and,
132

daughter Sumi’s marriage and,
314
,
315

daughter’s return to Los Angeles and,
292
,
293

death of,
318

decision to repatriate to Japan,
121
–22,
137

end of World War II and,
247

evacuation by,
16
–17

health of,
128

Heart Mountain camp stay of,
127
–28,
129

husband’s detention and,
17
–18,
129

journey to Japan by,
249
,
250
,
251
,
252
,
254
,
259

marriage of,
14
,
15

Pearl Harbor attack and,
10
,
11

practicing
gaman
by,
129
,
251

proposed exchange as prisoner of war,
121
,
122
,
124
,
125
–26

return to Los Angeles by,
315
,
318

reunion with husband,
125
–26

Utsushigawa, Sumi,
xvi

American citizenship of,
12
,
137
–38,
251
,
289
,
293

boys’ anti-Japanese attack on,
12
–13

children of,
314
–15,
318

on Crystal City experience,
313
–14

daily life in Crystal City and,
132
,
292

death of Roosevelt and,
234
–35

decision to repatriate to Japan,
121
–22,
137

decision to return to Los Angeles,
290

Ellis Island stay of,
126
–27

end of World War II and,
247
,
249

evacuation by,
16
–17

family background of,
9
–11,
15
,
318

father’s detention and,
17
–18,
129

Heart Mountain camp stay of,
127
–30,
132
,
254
,
292
,
314

Japanese heritage of,
129
–30,
137

journey to Japan by,
249
–52,
254
–59

junior-senior prom and,
171

Pearl Harbor attack and,
9
–11,
12

proposed exchange as prisoner of war,
121
,
122
,
124
,
125
–26

return to Los Angeles by,
292
–93,
314
–15

reunion at Crystal City on fiftieth anniversary with,
316
–18

reunion of friends from Crystal City with,
315
–16,
318

reunion with father,
125
–26,
132

school and,
128
–29,
132
–38,
249
,
250
,
291
,
292
–93

Sendai, Japan, stay of,
259
,
262
,
289
–90,
291
–92

train trip to Crystal City by,
127
,
130

Utsushigawa, Tokiji (“Tom”)

arrest and detention of,
15
–17,
26
,
262

Crystal City internment of,
315

daughter Sumi’s junior-senior prom and,
171

daughter’s marriage and,
314

daughter’s return to Los Angeles and,
291
–92

death of,
318

decision to repatriate to Japan,
121
–22,
126
,
137

early life in Los Angeles of,
13
–14,
314

end of World War II and,
247
,
249

health of,
121

Japanese background of,
13
,
14

journey to Japan by,
249
,
250
,
252
,
254
,
255
,
259

marriage of,
14

Pearl Harbor attack and,
9
–10,
11

photography business of,
14
–15,
129
,
249

pro-Japan sentiment of,
243
,
262

proposed exchange as prisoner of war,
122
,
124
,
125
–26

return to Los Angeles by,
315
,
318

reunion with family,
125
–26

Utsushigawa, Yoshiko,
121
,
137
,
290
,
291

Uyeshima, Tai,
136

Vogl, Anna,
116
–17

voluntary internment,
84
,
87
,
184

Von Ramien, Lulu,
195

War Department,
34
,
231
,
265

War Refugee Board,
231
,
264

War Relocation Authority (WRA),
38
,
139
,
148
,
149
,
246
,
337

Warren, Earl,
23

Weiland, John,
76
–77

Westerbork Transit Camp, Netherlands,
205
–07,
211
,
227
,
287

Wiedemann, Fritz,
160

Williams, Ivan,
45