The Train to Crystal City: FDR's Secret Prisoner Exchange (54 page)

early life in Ohio of,
3
–4,
6
,
61
,
64
,
70
–72

FBI’s visit to family and,
7
,
8

health of,
107
,
190
,
220

husband’s internment and,
77
–78,
79

Idstein, Germany, stay of,
219
–20,
221
,
278
,
280
–81,
283

life with Klara and Frank in Cleveland and,
67
,
68
,
69
,
79
,
84

marriage of,
70
,
71
,
215
–16,
220

postwar return to United States by,
325
,
326
,
337
–28

reaction to husband’s arrest,
62
–63

repatriation (exchange) to Germany by,
186
–88,
190
,
192
,
193
,
195
,
196
,
213
,
215
–19

reunion with husband,
89
–90,
186

sale of house by,
65
–66,
67
,
68
,
79

schooling at Crystal City and,
111
–12

train trip to Crystal City by,
83
–87

Eiserloh, Lothar

American citizenship of,
7
,
111
,
184
,
279

assault on mother and,
67
,
68

Crystal City and,
84
,
90
,
106
,
108
,
109

early life in Ohio of,
6
,
63
,
65
,
66
,
215

father’s internment and,
81

Idstein, Germany, stay of,
220
,
221
,
277
,
278
–82,
283
,
290

life with Aunt Klara in Cleveland and,
79

postwar return to United States by,
283
,
325
,
326
,
327
,
328

repatriation (exchange) to Germany by,
111
,
184
,
187
–88,
190
,
191
,
192
,
194
,
196
,
213
,
215
,
216
–19

reunion with father,
89
–90

school and,
111
–12,
279

train trip to Crystal City by,
83
–87

Eiserloh, Mathias

alien board hearing on,
75
–77

anti-Semitic views of,
75

background of,
5
,
69
–70

birth of son Guenther,
187
,
188

citizenship applications of,
70
–71,
72
,
80
,
215

daily life in Crystal City and,
105
,
106
,
107
,
108
,
109

daughter Ingrid’s relationship with,
87
,
190
–91,
215
–16

decision to remain in Germany and not return to United States by,
283

decision to repatriate to Germany,
82
,
88
,
111
–12

declaration as official enemy alien and prisoner of war,
77

early life in Ohio of,
3
–4,
61
,
70
–72,
190

FBI’s arrest of,
6
–8,
26
,
62
,
66
,
68
–69,
75

FBI’s investigations of,
68
–70,
74
–77

German background and connections of,
69
–70,
71
,
73
–74,
75
,
76
,
77
,
94

Idstein, Germany, stay of,
220
–21,
280
,
283

initial internments of,
24
,
77
–78,
79
–80,
81
–82,
87
–88

marriage of,
70
,
215
,
220

Nazi officer’s arrest of,
221
,
278
,
280

neighbors’ reporting on,
64
–65

postwar return to United States by,
325
,
326
–27,
328

repatriation (exchange) to Germany by,
186
,
187
,
188
,
190
–96,
215
–19

request for transfer to family camp by,
82
,
88

reunion with family,
88
–91,
183
–84,
186

school and,
111
–12,
278

tensions in German section and,
117

wife Johanna’s appeals about status of,
63
,
78
,
79
,
84

wife’s reaction to internment of,
77
–78,
79

work history of,
70
–73

Ellis, Mabel B.,
104

Ellis Island, New York,
54
,
95
,
100
,
125
–27,
251
,
283
,
308
–09

El Paso, Texas, internment camp,
43

Elwood, Larry R.,
117

Ennis, Edward J.,
69
,
76
,
77
,
78
,
79
,
80
,
81
–82,
88

Eppeler, Karl,
299
–301

exchange.
See
repatriation

exchange camps,
198

Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI)

arrest and internment policies and,
xvii
,
xviii
,
20
,
29
,
42
–43,
299

dossiers and investigations by,
5
,
26

Eiserloh family and,
6
–8,
26
,
62
,
66
,
68
–70,
74
,
75
,
76
,
77

Fuhr family and,
101
,
102

Fukuda family and,
154
,
157
,
158
,
159
,
160

investigation of Eleanor Roosevelt by,
27
–28

Japanese in Little Tokyo, Los Angeles, and,
9
–12

Kuhn and the Bund and,
97
–98,
98
–99,
113
–14

Latin American nationals and,
39

repatriation (exchange) and,
185
,
187

Taniguchi family and,
146
,
147

Utsushigawa family and,
15

Federal School (American School), Crystal City camp, Texas,
58
,
111
,
112
,
132
–36,
145
,
169
,
170
–73,
178
,
184
,
234
,
237
–38,
244
,
246
,
249
,
301
–02

fence sickness,
80
,
82
,
128
,
171

Fertsch, Werner,
235

Fort Lincoln, North Dakota, internment camp,
143
,
189
,
246

Fort Missoula, Montana, internment camp,
55
,
126
,
143
,
154
,
155

Fort Stanton Internment Camp, New Mexico,
116
,
189
,
246

442nd Regimental Combat Team,
139
,
140
,
143
,
151
–52,
243
,
314

Fox, Stephen,
192

Frank, Anne,
202
,
203
,
206
,
230
,
265

Frank, Edith,
202
,
230

Frank, Margot,
202
,
230
,
265

Frank, Otto,
202
,
230

Frankfurter, Felix,
75

Friedman, Max Paul,
80

Friends of New Germany,
100

Fuhr, Anna,
101
,
102
,
307
,
308

Fuhr, Barbara Minner,
239
–40,
301
–02,
308
,
309
,
324
,
325

Fuhr, Carl,
101
,
102
,
307
,
308

Fuhr, Eberhard E. (“Eb”)

arrest of,
101
–03,
239

background of,
101

Crystal City life and,
103
,
116
,
234
,
237
,
238
–40,
239
,
301

death of Roosevelt and,
234

deportation order for,
307
–08

end of World War II and,
244
,
246

on his internment,
324
–25

postwar career of,
324
–25

return to Cincinnati, Ohio, by,
308
–09

Fuhr, Gerhard,
101
,
102

Fuhr, Julius,
101
,
102
,
103
,
238
,
307
,
308

Fujii, Ryuchi,
118
–20,
170
–71,
174

Fukuda, Hiroshi,
304
,
309
,
319

Fukuda, Koichi,
162
–63,
164
,
304
,
309
,
319

Fukuda, Makiko,
161
,
162
,
304
–05,
309
,
319

Fukuda, Michisuke (“Mitch”),
158
,
163
,
164
,
168
,
305

Fukuda, Nobusuke (“Nob”),
158
,
163
,
164
,
168
,
305
,
319
,
320

Fukuda, Saburo,
158
,
309
,
319

Fukuda, Shinko

family life of,
157
–58,
161

family reunion and,
156
,
164

husband’s arrest and,
160
,
163
–64

internment life and,
161
–64,
306

Konko mission and,
159
,
319
,
320

parole and return to San Francisco by,
309
–10,
319
–20

son Yoshiro illness and death and,
166
–67,
303
,
304
,
306

Fukuda, Yoshiaki

arrest and initial internment of,
153
–56

Crystal City life and,
161
,
302
,
305
–06

deportation to Japan and,
303
–04

early life in San Francisco and,
304
–05

family reunion and,
156
,
164

Konko ministry of,
155
,
157
–58,
303
,
318
–19

O’Rourke and,
156
–57,
321

parole and return to San Francisco by,
309
–10,
318
–19

petitions and lawsuit by,
154
–55,
305

petition for redress from,
319
,
320

son Yoshiro’s illness and death and,
167
–68,
303
–05

Fukuda, Yoshiro,
166
–68,
303
–05,
306
,
310
,
319

Geneva Convention,
40
,
44
–45,
94
,
107
–08,
154
,
166

German American Bund,
69
,
96
,
97
–99,
100
,
113
–14,
298
,
300
,
323

German Americans (born in the United States)

American citizenship of,
7
,
111
,
184
,
198
,
273
,
279

Black Tom incident and,
24
–25

reparations for,
325

split American and German identities of,
219

German immigrants (born in Germany)

American-born children of,
7

anti-German sentiments regarding,
5
,
6
,
20
,
25
–26,
62
,
64
–65,
67
,
69
,
74
–75,
76
,
89

arrest and internment of,
xvii
,
5
,
6
–8,
23
–25,
29
,
32
–33,
42
–43,
44
,
62
,
77
,
80
,
87
,
322

Black Tom incident and,
24
–25

children of.
See
German Americans

Eleanor Roosevelt’s support for rights of,
19
–20,
22

Kuhn and the Bund and,
97
–99

Nazis and Nazi sympathizers investigation and,
26
–27

removal from Latin America of,
xvii
,
29
,
38
,
39
–40

split German and American identities of,
73
–74

as subjects of suspicion,
5
,
64
–65,
73
,
74
–75,
85

German internees, Crystal City camp,
xv
,
38
,
44
,
54
–55,
90
,
91
,
102
,
132
,
295
,
324
–25