The Time Traveller's Guide to Elizabethan England (74 page)

My sincere thanks also go to Dr Jonathan Barry and Dr Margaret Pelling, who have supported me and encouraged me for just as long. I am particularly grateful to each of them for reading five chapters of this book prior to publication and making suggestions for corrections. I am also very grateful to Professor Nick Groom, who read a chapter prior to publication too. Obviously the fault for any lingering errors is entirely mine – it is impossible to pick up every slip in a book that deals with the whole gamut of life over a forty-five-year reign – but I hope that the steps taken have reduced my errors to a minimum.

I would also like to say thank you to Kay Peddle, who has helped with various aspects of production, not least the illustrations; and to Dr Barrie Cook, Curator of Medieval and Early Modern Coinage at the British Museum, who gave advice about the coins in use in Elizabeth’s reign, to the copy-editor, Mandy Greenfield, and to the proofreader, Peter McAdie. Following publication, Dr Steven Gunn alerted me to a handful of minor errors, which have now been corrected in this edition: I am very grateful to him for kindly passing on these observations. And thanks to Eric Franklin for advice about late tuning.

Finally I would like to thank my wife Sophie, who has been remarkably tolerant of my habit of shifting between centuries. History does have a tendency to consume people wholly; I often say that professional historians can work whenever they want – as long as it’s all the time. I am grateful to her for being so understanding and supportive. I also appreciate the encouragement that our children, Alexander, Elizabeth and Oliver, have given me. I hope the whole family takes pride in the publication of this book.

Ian Mortimer

Moretonhampstead, 25 October 2011

Index

The page references in this index correspond to the printed edition from which this ebook was created. To find a specific word or phrase from the index, please use the search feature of your ebook reader.

NB. Vital dates have been given where known, to aid identification.
Floruit
dates have been given only where the individual has an entry in
The Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
. Books have not been indexed – only their authors have – with the exception of Shakespeare’s plays and anonymous works (indexed under ‘Anon.’).

Aberdeen, University of 108

Abraham men 297

academics 181;
see also
clerks accents 134–5

acorns 259

actors
see
players

Acts of Parliament
see
Parliament Adams, William (1564–1620) 113

Admiral of England 215

adultery
see
crime

Africa, Africans 5, 111, 118–20, 215, 321

Agarde, Arthur (1535/6–1615) 130

age breakdown 37–8

Agincourt 327

Alba, duke of
see
Alvarez

Albury 236

alchemy 124, 125, 141

Aldgate
see
London

ale and beer 77, 115, 142, 145, 146, 212, 220, 221, 245–7, 251, 260, 262, 263, 269, 292, 320, 322 (bottled 263; caudled 263; double beer 35, 240, 263; March beer, 263; small beer 246; stale 285)

Alefounder, Eddy 316

alehouses 67, 95, 96, 100, 240, 292, 322–4, 341;
see also
inns, Mermaid Tavern (London); theatres (London)

ale-tasters 147, 292

algebra 122

Algiers 215

Algonquin, Algonquian 112, 122

Alleyn, Edward (1566–1626) 353, 355

Allibond, John the elder (d.1589) 235

almanacs 102, 146

almonds 250, 285

Alre, River 196, 197

Alresford 196

Alvarez de Toledo, Fernando (1507–82), duke of Alba 116, 295

Alvetanus, Cornelius (
fl
. 1565–92) 124

ambergris 177, 189

America, Americans 3, 40, 111, 112, 117, 122, 123, 216, 226, 321;
see also
Florida; Indies

amputation 290

Anabaptists 74, 92, 96, 306

anglers 299

Anglicanism
see
Church of England

Anjou, duke of
see
Francis

Anon.,
Arte of Angling
(1577) 328

Anon. [A. W.],
Booke of Cookrye
(1591) 103

Anon.,
De Persecutione Anglicana
(1582)
see
Parsons

Anon.,
Good councell against the plague
(1594 edn) 103

Anon.,
Good Hous-wives Treasurie
(1588) 255–6

Anon.,
Good huswife’s handmaide
(1594) 103

Anon.,
La Guide des Chemins d’Angleterre
(Paris, 1579) 201

Anon.,
Orchard and the Garden
(1594 edn) 103

Anon.,
Remedies for the diseases in horses
(1594 edn) 103

Antwerp 15, 34, 161, 192

apothecaries 18, 34, 53, 139, 146, 262, 287, 288

Appleby 171

Appletree, Thomas 293, 294

apprentices, apprenticeship 52, 54, 61, 64, 94, 106, 151, 301, 325

aprons
see
clothes

aqua vitae
262

Aragon, Aragonese 42;
see also
Spain

Arbeau, Thoinot (1519–95) 342

archery 30, 106, 186, 233, 300, 325–7, 331, 332

architecture 6, 221–4

archives, archivists, 130–1

Arctic Circle 6, 360

Ariosto, Ludovico (1474–1533) 350

Aristotle (384–22
BC
) 107, 121, 122

arithmetic 108

Armada
see
Spanish Armada

armour 186–7, 321, 326

armourers 34

army 98;
see also
soldiers

Arnold, Sir Nicholas (
c
.1509-80) 199

art, artists
see
paintings; portraiture; sculpture

Arthington, Henry (
fl
. 1591) 1–3, 35

Arthur, king 112, 237

Arundel, earl of
see
Fitzalan, Howard

Ascham, Roger (1514/15–68) 106, 107

Asia 113, 159

assizes
see
courts

Aston, Sir Walter (1529–89) 227

astrolabe 210

astrology 124, 125, 141, 284

astronomy 108, 120–2, 126, 143, 277, 360

atheism 73–6, 162

athletics 106, 329

Austria 346

Aylmer, John (1520/21–94), bishop of London 161, 162

Azores 209

azurite 254

Babington, Anthony (1561–86) 43, 85, 294–5, 305

backgammon
see
tables

back-staff 211

Bacon, Anne, née Cooke (
c
.1528–1610) 68, 81

Bacon, Francis (1561–1626) 3, 73, 101, 121–3, 129, 243

Bacon, Sir Nicholas (1510–79) 48, 50, 68, 79, 121, 222

Baffin Island 6, 113, 211

bailiffs 146, 292

baiting games
see
bears; bulls

Baker, Matthew (1529/30–1613) 207

bakers 53, 187, 258, 311

Baltic Sea 113

Banbury 19

bankers 34

banns 65

banquets 254, 255, 261

baptisms 81, 101, 261, 279, 316

Barbary Company 113

Barbary, Barbary pirates 5, 207, 215

barbers 52, 53, 184;
see also
beards

barber-surgeons 287, 288, 303, 336;
see also
surgeons

Barking 96

barley
see
corn

Barn Elms 222

Barnard’s Inn
see
London

Barnstaple 9

barrel-bearers 53

Barwic, Cecily 58

Basel 288, 344

basket-makers 53, 56

baskets 146

Bassett, Mary, née Roper (d.1572) 68

Bates, Alice 171

Bath 355

Bath Inn
see
London

bathhouses 271

baths, bathing
see
washing bodies

bay salt 250

beacons 296;
see also
bonfires

beards 38, 184, 185, 212–13

bears 119, 334–5, 359 (baiting of 334–6, 342)

beating 63, 66, 95, 107, 153, 177, 178, 293, 300, 313, 323;
see also
whipping

Beaumaris 200

Beaumont, Francis (1584/5–1616) 119, 346, 349

beaver 182

bedbugs 269

bedding 219–21, 226, 230–2, 234, 235, 237, 269, 281, 307

Bedell, Thomas 90

Bedford 100

Bedford, earl of
see
Russell

beds
see
furniture

beekeeping 234;
see also
honey

beer
see
ale and beer

beggars, begging 4, 22, 56–61, 242, 270, 292, 297–9, 321

Benefit of the Clergy 303, 304, 354

Bentley, Thomas (1543x6–85) 68

benzoin 277

Bergavenny
see
Neville

Berkshire 20, 22, 55, 152, 171, 175, 198, 282, 320

Berners, Lord
see
Bourchier

Berwick 143, 200

Bess of Hardwick
see
Talbot

Best, George (
c
.1555–84) 119

betting 325–6, 333–4

Bible 75, 77, 78, 92, 102, 103, 124, 125, 129, 136, 167, 237, 303, 314, 351 (Gaelic 135; Welsh 81, 135)

Bicester 181

Bilbao 214

Billingsgate 208

Binkes, George 83

Binkes, William 83

Birling 335

Biscay, Bay of 209

biscuit 212

bison 119

Black Death 36;
see also
plague

black men and women 118–20, 216, 217

Black, David (
c
.1546–1603) 75

Blackamoors
see
Africans

Blackfriars 160

Blackheath 203

blacksmiths 18, 32, 53, 56, 187, 238, 277, 305, 380

Blackwall 207

Blundeville, Thomas (1522?–1606?) 122, 199

boats
see
ships

Bocking 331

Bodmin 62

boiling alive 96

bole Armoniac 277

Boleyn, Anne (
c
. 1500–1536), queen of England 42, 78

Bologna 288

bonds 150, 242

bonfires 97, 322;
see also
beacons

bookbinders 53

books, booksellers 6, 34, 50, 101–4, 106, 123, 129,
136–9, 178, 237, 262, 287, 295, 320, 324, 328, 344;
see also
almanacs; Bible; chronicles; diaries; horn books; plays; poetry; Prayer Book; psalters; recipe books

Boonen, William 192

Boorde, Andrew (
c
.1490–1549) 115, 116, 118, 135, 185, 245, 257, 263, 265, 267, 268, 270, 272, 276, 277

boots
see
shoes

Bordeaux 207

Borden 59

Boscastle 23

Boston 203, 204

botany 121, 123

bottles 177, 231, 233, 260, 263, 277

Bourchier, John (
c
.1467–1533), Lord Berners 344

Bourne, William (
c
.1535–82) 210–11