The Time Traveller's Guide to Elizabethan England (81 page)

plays and players 6, 104, 110, 119, 131, 154, 185, 203, 219, 240, 304, 344, 348, 349, 351–8 (Lord Admiral’s Men 352, 354, 355; Lord Chamberlain’s Men 347, 355, 356; Lord Leicester’s Men 352, 355; Lord Strange’s Men 352; Lord Sussex’s Men 352; Queen’s Men 353, 355);
see also
Shakespeare; miracle plays

ploughmen 271

Pluckley 48

plumbers 53

Plutarch (46–120) 107

Plymouth 4, 9, 15–17, 94, 111, 120, 200, 216, 217, 239, 279, 325

poaching
see
crime

poetry, poets 6, 69–71, 75, 103, 131, 138, 185, 194, 290, 341, 344–51, 354

point-maker 54

Poitiers 327

Poland, Poles 41, 113, 115, 120, 346;
see also
fashion

Pole Star 210, 211

Pole, Sir William (1561–1635) 119

pomanders 177, 270, 275

poor relief 56–62

Pope
see
Pius V

Popham, Sir John (
c
. 1531–1607) 50

population 15–17, 19, 36–7, 52, 59, 148, 314, 363

porcupine 321

Port Isaac 23

portraiture 1, 41, 118, 160, 186, 224–5, 230

Portugal, Portuguese 29, 92, 111, 159, 210, 216, 217, 254, 255, 279

possets 263

postal routes 200, 378

postmaster, chief 200

potatoes
see
fruit and vegetables.

pottage 249, 254, 258, 259

poultry
see
meat and poultry

Prayer Book 7, 79, 91, 102, 136 (Scots Gaelic 135; Welsh 135)

Prayer Book Rebellion (1549) 135–6

preaching, sermons 2, 31, 32, 76, 84, 90, 92, 344;
see also
St Paul’s Cross (London)

pregnancy and childbirth 58, 59, 63, 65, 67, 95, 153, 284, 304, 307, 311, 313, 314, 317–19

Presbyterianism 90

Preston, Thomas (1537–98) 353

prices 37, 65, 148, 150, 241–3;
see also
inflation

pride 99, 131, 162, 221, 317, 319

priest holes 85–7

priggers of prancers 299

prigmen 298

Prima-Vista 325

Primero 325

printers, printing 84, 91, 101–4, 129, 138, 240, 285, 310, 339

prisons: 33, 96, 97, 214, 292, 298, 302, 304;
see also
imprisonment; London

privies
see
latrines

privy council 3, 43–4, 76, 83, 97, 98, 104, 117, 257, 294, 295, 306, 351;
see also
Star Chamber

processions 32, 34, 44, 45, 72, 80, 94, 322

professions 50–2;
see also
incomes; lawyers; physicians

prostitution 58, 271, 292, 300, 307, 311, 314, 323, 355

Prussia 143;
see also
Germany

psalters 92, 102

Ptolemy, Claudius (90–168)

publishing
see
books

punishments
see
beating; boiling alive; branding; children; death penalty; fines; mutilation;
peine fort et dure;
pillory; stocks; whipping

purgatory 126

Puritanism, Puritans 43, 72, 73, 89–91, 99, 105, 126, 133, 159, 161, 167, 176, 333, 335, 338, 353

Purleigh 327

purses 145, 185, 298

Pye, John (d.1582) 331

Quadrivium
108

quarter sessions
see
courts

Queen’s Bench, Court of 301, 302

Queen’s Men
see
plays

queer-bird 298

Quintilian (
c
.35–
c
.100) 107

quoits 325

rabbits
see
meat

racism 117–20, 131;
see also
slavery

Radcliffe, Thomas (1526/7–83), earl of Sussex 222

Radwinter 231

Raleigh, Sir Walter (1554–1618) 3, 49, 74, 75, 94, 101, 112, 117, 120, 134, 185, 207, 347, 350

Rand, Helen 316–17

Randolph, Sir Thomas (1525/6–90) 200

rape
see
crime

rats 212, 213, 270

Ratsey, Gamaliel (d.1605) 100, 203, 296

Ravenscroft, Thomas (1591/2–after 1621) 339, 340

Reade, Alice 57

Reading 197

recipe books 102, 244, 250, 255–7, 260, 262, 285, 287

reeves 292

Reformation, the 77, 142, 339, 367

Renaissance, the 114, 228, 350, 358

rents 55, 57–9

Repton School 106

retailers 54;
see also
shops

Rettendon 195

Revels, Master of
see
Master

rhetoric 108

Rhineland 261

rhinoceros horn 321

Rhodes, Hugh (
fl
. 1545?) 142, 153, 154

Richard II (1367–1400), king of England 42

Richmond Palace 222, 268

Richmond, Dorothy 316

riding
see
horses

Ridolfi Plot (1571) 43, 46, 83

Ridolfi, Roberto (1531–1612) 83

rings 81, 142, 175, 185–6

Ripon 199

Rippon, William 192

Rishton, Edward (1550–85) 87

roads, condition of 18, 19, 32, 33, 194–8, 202, 203

Roanoke 112, 122

robbery
see
crime

Rochester 16, 193, 197, 200, 202, 205, 207

rock alum 276, 277

rogues 298, 300, 307, 355

Roman Catholicism
see
Catholicism

Rome 82, 83, 85, 115

Romney Marsh 278, 279, 285

rood crosses, destruction of 80

Rooke, Agnes 318

rosary beads 72

Rose, John (d.1591) 55

rosewater 177, 243, 256; 260, 286

Rousillon, Edict of (1564) 143

Rowecliffe, Margaret, Lady Rowecliffe 65

royal courts
see
Chancery; Common Pleas; Exchequer; Queen’s Bench; Star Chamber

Royal Exchange
see
London

royal menagerie 321

Royal Mint
see
Mint

Royal Navy
see
ships, navy

rubbers 172, 184

rufflers 297

Rugby School 106

Rushton 225, 27

Russell, Elizabeth,
née
Cooke (1528–1609), Lady Russell,
later
Lady Hoby 68

Russell, Francis (1526/7–85), earl of Bedford 29, 192

Russia
see
Muscovy

Rutland, earl of
see
Manners

rutters 209

Rye (Sussex) 85

rye
see
corn

Sackerson (a bear) 334, 335

Sackville, Thomas (
c
. 1536–1608), Lord Buckhurst,
later
earl of Dorset 223, 352

saddlers 53

St Andrew’s, University of 108

St Asaph, bishops of 50;
see also
Morgan

St Bartholomew’s Day Massacre 116

St David’s, bishop of
see
Davies

St Paul’s School 107

salad
see
fruit and vegetables.

Salesbury, William (
c
.1520–
c
.1580) 135

Salisbury 15, 16

Salisbury Plain 203

Salisbury, bishop of
see
Jewel

Sallust (86–35
BC
) 107

salt 109, 212, 231, 232, 243, 248–52, 255–7, 259

sanitation 12, 13, 24, 25, 32, 117, 152, 266–275

Santiago de Compostela 245

Satan
see
Devil, the

satin
see
silk

sauce chaudron 251, 252

Saxton, Christopher (1542x4–1610/11) 201

scarlet
see
woollens

Schifanoya, Il 76

schoolmasters 50, 52, 81, 84, 96, 106, 300, 309;
see also
tutors

schools 96, 106, 136, 177

science
see
natural philosophy

Scilly Isles 109

Scot, Reginald (d.1599) 119

Scotland, Scots 5, 20, 23, 40, 83, 90, 108, 109, 110, 127, 135, 143, 200, 201, 332

Scots, Mary queen of
see
Mary

scriveners 18, 53, 139, 353

sculpture 228–9, 236, 250

seamen
see
mariners

seaweed 285

secretary hand 137

seminary colleges
see
Douai; Rome; Seville; Valladolid

Seneca (4
BC–AD
65) 107

Serlio, Sebastiano (1475–1554) 223

sermons
see
preaching

Serten, Bridget (d.1562) 193

Seville 82

sexual intercourse 63–5, 106, 118, 134, 153, 283–4, 297–300, 302, 311, 315–20;
see also
crime; homosexuality; illegitimacy; illnesses (syphilis); marriage; pregnancy and childbirth; prostitution; sodomy

Seymour, Edward (1539?–1621), earl of Hertford 42, 367

Shakespeare, Anne,
née
Hathaway (1555/6–1623) 15, 348

Shakespeare, Joan (1569–1646) 12

Shakespeare, John (
c
.1530–1601) 12–14, 80, 174, 347

Shakespeare, Mary,
née
Arden (
c
.1537–1608) 12

Shakespeare, William (1564–1616) 3, 10, 11, 15, 35, 50, 52, 109, 165, 185, 186, 226, 240, 242, 258, 336, 341, 348–50, 353–8, 361–2, 366

Shakespeare, William, works of 114, 130, 132, 154, 276, 320, 355 (As
you Like It
341, 354;
Comedy of Errors
330;
Hamlet
126, 354, 357;
Henry IV Part
2 354;
Henry IV Part I
354;
Henry V
354;
Henry VI Part
2 104, 276;
King John
276;
King Lear
331;
Macbeth
126;
Merchant of Venice
193, 354;
Merry Wives of Windsor
334;
Midsummer Night’s Dream
354, 356;
Othello
119, 155;
Rape of Lucrece
104, 348;
Richard II
354;
Richard III
101;
Romeo & Juliet
65, 354, 356; sonnets 276, 348–9;
Taming of the Shrew
273;
Tempest
321;
Titus Andronicus
9, 104, 119, 356;
Twelfth Night
335, 341;
Venus & Adonis
104, 348)

shaving
see
barbers, beards

sheep
see
livestock

Sheere, Richard 120

shepherds 187

Shepherdswell 55

sheriffs 27, 96, 98, 100, 109, 292, 295, 300

Shipdams (Norwich) 58–9, 238

ships 21, 23, 30, 45, 94, 96, 123, 129, 206–17, 303 (
Ark Royal
[formerly
Ark Raleigh]
207, 208, 211; barges 204, 205, 208;
Benedict
216;
Bull
206;
Christopher
216; cock boats 208; crayers 208;
Desire
209;
Dreadnought
206; dredgers 208;
Edward Bonaventure
207;
Elizabeth
216, 217; fishing 208;
Foresight
206;
Galleon Leicester
207; galleons 206, 207; galleys 215;
Golden Hind
3, 118, 214, 216, 217, 320; hoys 208; ketches 208; lighters 208;
Marigold
216;
Mary
216;
Merchant Royal
207; merchantmen 207–8, 216;
Moon
207; navy 206, 207, 212, 258;
Pelican see Golden Hind;
pinnaces 207, 214;
Rainbow
207;
Revenge
94, 206;
Roebuck
207; royal barge 30, 205, 293; skiffs 208;
Swan
216;
Swiftsure
206; tilt boats 204;
Triumph
206, 207;
Vanguard
207; wherries 29, 30, 204, 356)