The Siege of Vienna: The Last Great Trial Between Cross & Crescent (47 page)

34
Rauchbar, p. 268;
Acta, p.
374; Dupont,
Mémoires,
p. 135.

35
Acta, p.
375.

36
Kreutel, pp. 163–4.

37
The date of this instruction is variously given as 23 August or 4 September (ibid., pp. 86, 160). The second is more plausible.

38
Ibid., pp. 99–100, 161.

39
Klopp, pp. 310–11.

40
Kreutel, pp. 131, 161–3.

41
Kreutel, p. 107.

42
Klopp, pp. 304, 552.

43
K.J.,
249 ff.

44
A number of contemporary writers stated that, about this hour, Marco d’Aviano solemnised Mass for these commanders on the Leopoldsberg (or, less probably, on the Kahlenberg), and that Sobieski himself was his server. But no one who might have been present refers to this famous episode.

45
Kreutel, p. 107.

46
Acta,
p. 592; Dupont, p. 136.

47
Rauchbar,
Waldeck,
p. 268.

48
Vaelckeren, quoted by Klopp, p. 309.

49
Acta,
p. 375.

50
Hassel and Vitzthurn v. Eckstädt, 161 ff.; O. Laskowski,
Sobieski King of Poland
(Glasgow, 1944), 147 ff.

51
Kreutel, pp. 109–10, 165–6.

52
Acta,
p. 369.

Chapter 9; The Consequences of Victory

1
Acta,
p. 385.

2
Acta,
pp. 376–82; Hammer, p. 415.

3
L. Pukianiec,
Sobieski a Stolica Apostolska na tle wojny z Turcja (1683
–
1684)
(Vilna, 1937). P. 1.

4
Acta,
pp. 379–80, 392; Newald, i. 215–6;
A.ö.G.,
lxxxvi. 252.

5
Newald, i. 223; Bojani, pp. 746–8, 753; Pukianiec, pp. 131–2; Hammer p. 413.

6
Acta,
pp. 366–70, 382; Schnath,
Geschichte Hannovers,
i. 222.

7
Acta,
pp. 395–407;
N.Q.,
pp. 103, 140.

8
Acta,
pp. 400, 448.

9
Acta,
p. 623.

10
But Buonvisi’s clear-cut condemnation of Leopold for insisting on this interview is worth notice. Pukianiec, p. 72.

11
Acta historica,
vii. 386; Klopp, p. 318.

12
Rauchbar,
Waldeck,
ii. 271–85.

13
N.Q,
pp. 104–6;
Acta,
pp. 417, 431–4;
K.J.,
p. 274 ff.

14
Acta,
pp. 410, 423.

15
N.Q.,
pp. 41, 106, 110.

16
Hammer, 418; C. Contarini,
Istoria della guerra di Leapoldo I imperadore e de’ principi collegati contro il Turco dall’ anno 1683 sino alia pace
(Venice, 1710), pp. 193–200; Marsigli,
L’état militaire de l’empire ottoman,
ii. 121–3; Kreutel, pp. 111–14.

17
Hurmuzaki,
Documente,
ix. 2 (1897), p. 305;
N.Q.
pp. 105, 111; Kreutel, pp. 85, 167; Klopp, p. 557.

18
Acta,
pp. 411–13; 504–6; Bojani, pp. 774–76;
N.Q.,
pp. 111–14; J. Wolinski,
Z dziejow wojny i politiki w dobie Jana Sobieskiego
(Warsaw, 1960), pp. 168, 182.

19
Acta,
p. 457;
Kriegsgeschichtliche Einzenlschriften,
5 (General Staff, Berlin, 1884), pp. 19–21.

20
Hurmuzaki,
Documente, Supplement
I, i. 271.

21
Hammer, p. 423; Kreutel, pp. 122–3.

22
Bojani, p. 779 ff.; Klopp, pp. 249–52;
Acta,
pp. 598–613; Pukianiec, pp. 111–30.

23
Newald, ii. 112 ff.

24
N.Q,,
pp. 117, 124.

25
Acta,
pp. 511, 493–4.

26
N.Q.,
pp. 122–4;
KJ.,
pp. 306, 339.

27
Maurer,
Kollonitsch,
pp. 164–7.

28
O. Brunner, ‘Österreich und die Wällachei wahrend des Türkenkrieges von 1683 bis 1689’,
M.I.ö.G.,
xliv. (1930), p. 277.

29
Acta,
pp. 501–3, 519–20; Bojani, p. 882.

30
Hammer, p. 425.

31
H. Kretschmayr,
Geschichte von Venedig,
iii. (Stuttgart, 1934), pp. 340–3; A. A. Bernardy,
Venezia e il Turco nella secunda metà del secolo xvii.
(Florence, 1902), pp. 75–80; Pastor,
History of the Popes,
xxxii (1940), pp. 193–205.

32
Pukianiec, pp. 13–15.

33
Klopp, pp. 371–2, 380–9; Bojani, p. 927 ff.

34
H. Uebersberger,
Russlands Orientpolitik in den letzten zwei Jahrhunderten
(Stuttgart, 1913), i. 36–8.

35
A. Theiner,
Monuments historiques relatifs aux règnes d’ Alexis Michaélowitch, Féodor III. et Pierre le Grand, Czars de Russie
(Rome, 1859), pp. 271–8; P. Pierling,
La Russie et le Saint-Siège,
iv (Paris, 1907), pp. 79–83.

36
Some Jesuits also hoped to use their mission in Moscow as a base from which to attempt the overland routes to China via Siberia and Mongolia or Turkestan. This was probably one reason why the Russian authorities soon closed the mission.

37
Acta,
pp. 497, 513.

38
Tagcbuch des Generals Patrick Gordon,
ii. (Moscow, 1851), pp. 3–13.

39
Chronicle of the Carmelites in Persia
(London, 1939), i. 420–3.

40
Pukianiec, p. 27.

41
E. Michaud,
Louis XIV et Innocent XI
(Paris, 1882–3), ii. 91.

42
C. de la Roncière,
Histoire de la marine française,
v (Paris, 1934), pp. 74–32; A. Jal,
Abraham Du Quesne et la marine de son temps
(Paris, 1873), ii. 459–69.

43
Mme de Maintenon,
Lettres,
ed. M. Langlois (Paris, 1935), ii. 503–25 and iii. 5–7; M. Langlois,
Louis XIV et la cour
(Paris, 1926), pp. 178–81.

44
See above, p. 148.

45
Bossuet,
Oeuvres complètes
(Paris, 1836), v. 295, 301.

46
C. Rousset,
Histoire de Louvois,
iii (Paris, 1863), pp. 236–44.

47
For the Baltic crisis, see pp. 52, 65–6 above.

48
For William’s predicament, see
Négociations de monsieur le comte d'Avaux en Hollande 1679
–
1688
(Paris, 1752–3), i. 319 ff. and ii.
passim; Despatches of Thomas Plot and Thomas Chudleigh,
ed. F. A. Middlebush (R.G.P., Kleine Serie, xxii., 1926); and Lossky, pp. 36–42.

49
Weensche Gezantschapsberichten,
i. 370; Rauchbar, ii. 285–9, 323.

50
Weensche Gezantschapsberichten,
i. 371–2.

51
Schnath,
Geschichte Hannovers,
i. 223–6, 240–2, 255; Strich,
Das Kurhaus Bayern,
ii. 532 ff.

52
A. Levae,
Essai historique sur les négociations de la trêve de vingt ans conclue à Ratisbonne en 1684
(Brussels, 1844), p. 202; Srbik,
Österreichische Staatsverträge. Niederland, p.
230.

53
Het Staatsche Leger,
ed. Ten Raa, vi. (The Hague, 1940), pp. 94–5.

54
Muller,
Wilhelm III und Waldeck,
i. 256 ff; Strich, ii. 558–64.

55
Mitt, des K. K. Kriegs-Archivs,
1884, pp. 384–8.

56
Weensche Gezantschapsberichien,
i. 377–8; Strich, ii. 561. For Max Emmanuel’s
attitude see above all
Göttingensche gelehrte Anzeigen,
198 (1936), pp. 226–7.

57
A. Schachinger,
Der Wienerwald
(Vienna, 1934), p. 311.

Index

A

Abele, Christopher
29
,
53–56
,
61–62

Abraham a Sancta Clara
35
,
42
,
84

Adrianople
1
,
3–4
,
6
,
22
,
24
,
56
,
180–181

Adriatic Sea
12
,
19
,
59

Aegean Sea
5
,
9
,
21
,
188

Aggsbach, Abbot of
127

Ahmed, appointed
beylrbeyi
of Eger
155

Ahmed, Vezir,
beykrbeyi
of Timisoara and Ineu
18
,
96–97

Akermann, fortress
16

Algiers, bombardments of
188–189

Ali,
aga
108

Alsbach, the
170–171

Altschaffer, George
97

Alt-Starhemberg, infantry regiment
61
,
104

Amsterdam
viii
,
62
,
71
,
192
,
212

Anatolia
5
,
13
,
18
,
95–96

Andrusovo, truce of
18

Angern
117–118
,
159

Anguissola, Leandro
195–196
,
210

Antwerp
33

Apafi, Prince Michael, of Transylvania
x
,
3
,
7
,
13
,
17
,
20–21
,
25–26
,
33
,
35
,
52
,
70
,
72
,
75
,
86
,
113
,
115
,
129
,
161
,
164
,
174
,
180
,
184
,
214

Armies
v
,
3–6
,
8
,
10–11
,
15–16
,
19
,
23
,
25–26
,
31
,
39
,
43
,
47
,
49–51
,
53–54
,
56–57
,
59–66
,
68
,
70
,
72
,
74–81
,
95
,
99
,
103–104
,
106
,
108
,
111
,
113–116
,
118
,
120–122
,
124–126
,
129–131
,
133–139
,
141–147
,
149
,
151–153
,
158
,
160–161
,
164–169
,
171–172
,
175–180
,
182–183
,
185
,
190–191
,
195–196

Habsburg troops
20
,
64
,
67
,
80
,
82
,
134
,
141
,
162
,
172
,
184
,
193

Polish troops
70
,
126–127
,
134
,
162
,
167
,
176–177
,
179
,
183

Saxon troops
143
,
165
,
169

Franconian troops
141
,
149
,
177
,
210

Bavarian troops
172

Ottoman troops
16

Brandenburg troops
146–147
,
177

Dutch troops
51–52
,
193

French troops
52
,
63
,
146
,
191

artillery and engineers
5–6
,
36–38
,
56
,
58
,
62–63
,
76–78
,
80
,
95
,
97
,
100–101
,
106–108
,
136
,
139–140
,
142
,
144
,
164–165
,
167–171
,
179
,
195–196

Aschach
92

Aspremont, dragoon regiment
93

Auersperg, Francis
81
,
85
,
111
,
124
,
126

Auersperg palace in Vienna
90

Augsburg
30

Austria, Estates of Lower
35–36
,
54
,
56
,
61
,
73
,
84
,
87
,
124
,
127
,
151
,
162
,
195

Austria, Estates of Upper
54
,
61
,
73
,
86
,
127
,
162

Austria, Inner (Styria, Carinthia, Carniola)
12
,
54
,
59

Azov
7
,
12
,
16

B

Baden, near Vienna
x–xi
,
25
,
29
,
31
,
33
,
48
,
51
,
56–57
,
59
,
66
,
74–78
,
83
,
86–87
,
113–116
,
124
,
152
,
159
,
161
,
165
,
169
,
182
,
193
,
204
,
207
,
209

Baden, infantry regiment
114
,
165
,
169

Baden, see Herman of Baden, and Lewis of Baden