THE SHIELD OF ACHILLES (165 page)

lift and strike,
457
,
460

Lincoln, Abraham (1809 – 1865): U.S. president during American Civil War (1861 – 1865),
178
,
180
,
188
,
225
,
244
,
280
,
676
,
843
,
896

Lippmann, Walter (1889 – 1974): U.S. author and journalist,
251
,
377
,
378
,
399
,
404
,
854
,
857
,
899

Locke, John (1632 – 1704):
English empiricist philosopher; wrote
Two Treatises on Civil Government
(1690),
232
,
334
,
838

Lodge Reservation: proposed amendment to Charter of the League of Nations that required Congressional approval before complying with a League request for military action,
410

Lombardy: province of Italy,
158 – 9
,
182 – 3
,
470
,
561
,
750
,
777

Long War (1914 – 1990): epochal war fought to determine whether the nineteenth century imperial constitutional order would be replaced by nation-states governed by communism, fascism, or parliamentarianism,
7
,
15
,
19
,
24 – 5
,
27
,
31 – 3
,
36 – 7
,
41
,
43
,
45
,
47 – 51
,
53 – 6
,
58 – 64
,
110
,
120
,
202
,
208
,
211
,
213
,
215 – 20
,
223 – 4
,
227 – 8
,
235
,
238
,
243
,
245 – 6
,
249
,
254
,
257
,
274 – 7
,
280 – 1
,
288
,
292 – 4
,
304
,
307
,
310
,
318
,
329
,
331
,
333
,
35 – 7
,
346
,
354 – 7
,
361
,
385
,
387
,
395
,
400
,
404
,
467 – 8
,
471
,
476
,
584
,
609 – 11
,
614
,
629
,
631 – 2
,
635 – 6
,
638 – 42
,
652 – 53
,
655
,
660 – 1
,
663
,
665
,
675 – 9
,
681 – 2
,
686 – 7
,
695
,
698
,
701
,
704 – 5
,
713
,
719 – 20
,
741
,
773
,
776
,
778
,
781
,
793
,
796
,
802
,
804 – 5
,
811
,
813
,
815
,
820
,
826

Louis XIV (1638 – 1715): king of France (1643 – 1715),
117
,
121 – 2
,
124
,
134
,
141
,
142
,
155
,
334
,
346
,
502
,
508
,
520
,
523
,
541
,
838 – 9

Luttwak, Edward,
318
,
851

Lynn, John,
69
,
152
,
172
,
204
,
836 – 7
,
842
,
852

Machiavelli, Niccolò (1469 – 1527): Italian diplomat and political philosopher; wrote
Discourses on Livy
(1518),
The Art of War
(1521),
The Prince
(1532),
80
,
85 – 8
,
90 – 1
,
94
,
102
,
116
,
142
,
278
,
334
,
486
,
499
,
511
,
594
,
829
,
832
,
836 – 8
,
852 – 3
,
893
,
896
,
898

Madison, James (1751 – 1836): U.S. president (1809 – 1817);
a principal author (with Hamilton) of the
Federalist Papers
,
151
,
177
,
229
,
855

managerial market-state: seeks power through its hegemony within a regional economic zone,
283 – 4
,
287
,
289
,
309
,
336 – 7

Mancias, Peter,
335
,
837
,
845
,
852
,
896

Mao Tse-tung (also Mao Zedong) (1893 – 1976): Chinese Communist revolutionary;
Chinese head of state (1949 – 1959);
de facto head of government of China (1949 – 1976),
51
,
332
,
834

Maria Theresa (1717 – 1780): Austrian-Bohemian-Hungarian-Polish queen,
122
,
135

market-state: the emerging constitutional order that promises to maximize the opportunity of its people, tending to privatize many state activities and making representative government more responsive to the market,
17
,
211
,
213
,
217
,
222
,
224
,
228 – 42
,
283 –94
,
296
,
302 – 9
,
311
,
313
,
315 – 6
,
318
,
320 – 1
,
323 – 8
,
330 – 1
,
336 – 41
,
344
,
346 – 7
,
362 – 3
,
366
,
368
,
370
,
484
,
571
,
638 – 9
,
661
,
665
,
668 – 76
,
688 – 91
,
694
,
696 – 7
,
701 – 2
,
704
,
706
,
709
,
712
,
714 – 6
,
720 – 2
,
740
,
744
,
749 – 51
,
753
,
766
,
768
,
770 – 1
,
776 – 7
,
779
,
781 – 2
,
784 – 7
,
792 –3
,
796 – 7
,
799 – 802
,
806 – 7
,
813 – 15
,
820
,
821
,
827 – 7
,
846
,
853
,
863
,
868
,
883

Marlowe, Chri stopher (1564 – 1593): English dramatist and poet,
94
,
837
,
896

Marshall Plan: U.S. program of reconstruction for Britain, France, Germany, and other Western European states following World War II,
50
,
282
,
631
,
653
,
655

Maurice of Nassau (Maurice of Orange) (1567 – 1625): Dutch military and political leader,
98 – 100
,
114 – 15
,
188
,
510 – 12
,
829
,
837

Mazarin, Cardinal Jules (1602 – 1661): French (Italian-born) Catholic clergyman, diplomat, and politician;
chief minister of France (1642 – 1661);
negotiated Peace of Pyrenees (1659),
121 – 3
,
125
,
503
,
866

Mazowiecki, Tadeusz (1927– ): Polish prime minister (1989 – 1990);
sent to Yugoslavia as U.N. observer (1993),
434 – 6
,
438
,
451
,
859

McCaffrey, Barry,
457

McCulloch v. Maryland
(1819): foundation case for doctrinal argument in American constitutional law,
536

McDougal, Myres,
649 – 52
,
656 – 7
,
661
,
878 – 80
,
896

McNeill, William,
101
,
709
,
835
,
837
,
884
,
896

Mearsheimer, John,
264
,
847
,
897

Media,
46
,
58
,
225
,
230
,
236
,
239
,
255
,
289
,
315
,
325
,
416
,
418
,
427 – 30
,
436
,
438
,
446
,
450
,
466
,
619
,
628
,
639
,
645
,
670 – 1
,
696
,
711 – 12
,
720
,
729
,
765
,
783 – 5
,
806
,
845

Medici, Lorenzo de (Lorenzo the Magnificent) (1449 – 1492):
de facto ruler of Florence (1469 – 1492),
90

Meiji Restoration (1868): restored Japanese Meiji emperor to power and led to the period of national consolidation and assertiveness coinciding with his reign (1868 – 1912),
42

mercantile market-state: seeks market share in order to gain relative dominance in international affairs,
289
,
292 – 3
,
309
,
722
,
766 – 8

mercenary forces,
91
,
97
,
106
,
114
,
118
,
303
,
331
,
803

meritocracy: society that advances the talented on the basis of their achievements,
231 – 2
,
290
,
539
,
796

Metternich, Klemens, Prince von (1773 – 1859): Austrian diplomat, politician; foreign minister (1809 – 1848);
represented Austria at Congress of Vienna (1814 – 1815),
160 – 2
,
164 – 72
,
385
,
541
,
546 – 8
,
551
,
555 – 6
,
559 – 62
,
869 – 70
,
897

Mezes, Sidney,
371
,
399

Mihailovic, Draza (1893 – 1946): Yugoslav partisan leader during World War II,
417 – 18

Milosevic, Slobodan (1941-): president of Serbia (1989 – 1997);
president of Yugoslavia (1997 – 2000);
indicted by Hague tribunal for crimes against humanity (1999),
13
,
319
,
326
,
416
,
418
,
419 – 20
,
422 – 3
,
429 – 30
,
432 – 3
,
440
,
444
,
446
,
449 – 50
,
463
,
639
,
697
,
859
,
861

Milton, John (1608 – 1674): English poet,
3
,
116
,
838

missile defense,
252
,
278
,
313
,
318
,
328
,
329
,
619
,
685
,
687
,
689 – 90
,
720
,
732
,
814 – 15
,
821
,
852
,
882
,
891

Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR),
312
,
688
,
760

Mitchell, William (Billy) (1879 – 1936):
U.S. (French-born) general; outspoken advocate for air power,
325

Mladic, General Ratko (1943– ): Yugoslav general; leader of Serbian forces in Bosnia (1992 – 1995),
450

Mogadishu Line (“crossing the”): a phrase alluding to the U.N. experience in Somalia when a mission that began as neutral peacekeeping led to involvement in a factional war,
445
,
862

molecular biology,
232
,
709

Moltke, Helmuth Karl Bernhard, Graf von (1800 – 1891): Prussian field-marshal;
victorious in Austro-Prussian and Franco-Prussian Wars,
185 – 7
,
189 – 90
,
192 – 3
,
195 – 7
,
200
,
202
,
382

Mondale, Walter (1928– ):
U.S. vice president (1977 – 1981),
10

Monroe Doctrine (1823): U.S. call for end to European intervention in the Americas,
355

Montesquieu, Charles Louis de Secondat, Baron de (1689 – 1755): French lawyer and political philosopher;
wrote The Spirit of the Laws (1748),
357
,
839
,
853
,
897

Montevideo Convention: multilateral treaty that provides test for state recognition,
202
,
339