THE SHIELD OF ACHILLES (163 page)

Fouquet, Nicolas (1615 – 1680): French financial administrator,
123

Fourteen Points: U.S. peace plan for World War I,
35
,
281
,
398
,
399 – 404
,
407 – 8

Francis I:
French ruler (1515 – 1547),
103 – 5
,
107
,
150
,
166
,
487
,
865
,
869

Frederick I (1657 – 1713): king of Prussia (1701 – 1713),
135
,
869

Frederick II (Frederick the Great) (1712 – 1786): king of Prussia 1740 – 1786;
commanded Prussian forces in War of the Austrian Succession and Seven Years War,
839

Frederick William I(1688 – 1740): king of Prussia (1713 – 1740),
134
,
529
,
559

French Revolution (1789),
5
,
24
,
41
,
120
,
134
,
146
,
151
,
168
,
173
,
175
,
177
,
201
,
203
,
346

Friedberg, Aaron,
336
,
844
,
846
,
852

Fronde (1649 – 1652):
series of rebellions against the French monarchy,
122
,
334
,
346

G-7/G-8: Group of Seven, expanded to eight, great powers organized to discuss economic policy in the late twentieth century,
256
,
262
,
267
,
310
,
337
,
470
,
629
,
708
,
724
,
730

GATT (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade) (1947):
multilateral treaty regime designed to encourage free trade between member states (now 110),
247
,
255 – 6

Gelb, Leslie H.,
463
,
861 – 2

Genovese, Catherine “Kitty,”
411 – 15
,
427
,
445
,
451
,
454 – 5
,
466
,
481
,
858

Gentili, Alberico (1552 – 1608): Oxford professor of civil law;
important early interpreter of international law,
496 – 500
,
865
,
893
,
897

George, David Lloyd (1863 – 1945): minister (1916 – 1922),
26
,
31
,
400
,
402

Germany,
8 – 9
,
15
,
24 – 8
,
31 – 7
,
39
,
41
,
43 – 50
,
53 – 5
,
61
,
77
,
86
,
105 – 6
,
109 – 11
,
113
,
115 – 17
,
119 – 20
,
136
,
146
,
150
,
153
,
164
,
178
,
183 – 8
,
190
,
197 – 7
,
250
,
256
,
260 – 1
,
269
,
271
,
273
,
280
,
282
,
287 – 8
,
292
,
294
,
299
,
306
,
311
,
319
,
339
,
357
,
361
,
380 – 91
,
397 – 8
,
400 – 4
,
406 – 7
,
409
,
497
,
504 – 5
,
507
,
521
,
532
,
546 – 7
,
557
,
563
,
567 – 9
,
571
,
573 – 6
,
577 – 84
,
592
,
594
,
599
,
602 – 4
,
608 – 10
,
612 – 13
,
620
,
623 – 4
,
629 – 34
,
636 – 7
,
639 – 40
,
653
,
676 – 8
,
682 – 3
,
685 – 8
,
692
,
702
,
704
,
707
,
730 – 1
,
741
,
745
,
747 – 50
,
752
,
759
,
760
,
764
,
766
,
781
,
783
,
788 – 9
,
830 – 1
,
834
,
839
,
844 – 5
,
850
,
857
,
866
,
874
,
876
,
878
,
886
,
892 – 3
,
897 – 8
,
900

Giddens, Anthony,
336
,
852
,
893

globalization,
220
,
224
,
341
,
469
,
676
,
695
,
713
,
720
,
724
,
727
,
735
,
740
,
762
,
772 – 3
,
777
,
782
,
792

Gneisenau, August Wilhelm Anton, Graf Neithardt von (1760 – 1831):
following Prussia's defeat by Napoleon in 1809, he and Scharnhorst reformed the Prussian army,
185
,
869

Golubic, Stjepkp;
Golubic, Thomas,
439

Gomulka, Wladyslaw (1905 – 1982):
Polish Communist politician; first secretary of the Polish Communist Party (1956 – 1970),
53

Gorazde: Bosnian “safe area,”
424 – 6
,
440
,
859

Gow, James,
419
,
447
,
450
,
858
,
861
,
863
,
893

great powers,
7 – 9
,
22
,
25 – 6
,
30 – 1
,
35
,
37
,
42
,
45
,
57
,
60 – 1
,
72
,
81
,
136
,
140 – 1
,
145 – 6
,
148
,
159
,
161
,
163 – 4
,
166
,
168–70
,
172
,
176
,
179
,
182
,
184
,
191
,
194
,
200
,
244
,
252
,
258
,
264
,
271
,
274
,
280
,
284
,
292
,
307
,
319
,
338
,
345
,
361
,
379
,
381 – 3
,
385
,
405
,
408
,
410
,
416
,
425
,
433
,
437
,
455
,
466
,
468
,
471
,
475
,
476
,
540
,
551
,
555
,
565
,
568
,
569
,
735
,
748
,
773
,
827

green movements: political groups dedicated to protecting the environment,
470

Grey, Edward (Viscount Grey of Fallodon) (1862 – 1933): British diplomat; foreign secretary (1906 – 1916, negotiated Triple Entente (1907);
led British entry into World War I,
380 – 6
,
389
,
391
,
854
,
855
,
900

Gribeauval, Jean-Baptiste Vaquette de (1715 – 1789):
French artillery strategist,
152

Grotius, Hugo (also Huig de Groot) (1583 – 1645): Dutch jurist and politician;
influential figure in early modern international law;
wrote
On the Law of War and Peace
;
Swedish ambassador to France (1634 – 1645),
508 – 18
,
528 – 31
,
532 – 5
,
537
,
864 – 5
,
867
,
877
,
890
,
893
,
895

Guangdong (also Kwantung): southernmost mainland province of China,
470
,
727

Gulf War (1990 – 1991):
international conflict triggered by Iraq's invasion of Kuwait,
8
,
14
,
16
,
248 – 9
,
255
,
262
,
271
,
287
,
294
,
296 – 7
,
299
,
301 – 2
,
305 – 7
,
318 – 19
,
324
,
327
,
329 – 30
,
437
,
459
,
475
,
477
,
631
,
688
,
689
,
693
,
716
,
723
,
793
,
805
,
846

Gutman, Roy,
434

Haass, Richard,
275
,
848
,
850
,
887
,
893

Haig, Alexander,
249
,
847

Hamilton, Alexander (1755 – 1804):
first U.S. secretary of the treasury;
establlished Bank of U.S.;
co-wrote, with James Madison and John Jay, the Federalist Papers,
151
,
229
,
267
,
847

Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich (1770 – 1831): German philosopher;
wrote
The Phenomenology of Spirit
(1807),
6
,
215
,
279
,
544
,
829
,
872
,
894

Heijden, Kees van der,
314

Helsinki Accords of 1975: recognized Soviet sphere of influence extending toEastern Europe and the human rights of the signatories' citizens,
60
,
164
,
408

Henry IV (Henry III of Navarre) (1553 – 1610):
king of France (1589 – 1610);
proclaimed Edict of Nantes (1598);
assassinated,
108
,
110
,
111
,
509

Hitler, Adolf (1889 – 1945): Nazi dictator;
wrote
Mein Kampf
; German chancellor (1933 – 1945),
33 – 7
,
39
,
43
,
217
,
280
,
334
,
361
,
397
,
409
,
443
,
449
,
471
,
576
,
582 – 4
,
593
,
608
,
832 – 3
,
836
,
842
,
852
,
890
,
893
,
895

Hobbes, Thomas (1588 – 1679):
English political philosopher;
wrote Human Nature (1650) and Leviathan (1651),
103
,
246
,
259
,
279
,
518 – 9
,
528 – 9
,
534
565
,
596
,
598
,
837

Hobsbawm, Eric,
835
,
894

Hogg, James (1851 – 1906):
progressive Texas governor (1891 – 1895),
369 – 70

Holbrooke, Richard,
326
,
851

Holland,
25
,
41
,
107
,
124
,
126
,
135
,
142
,
158 – 60
,
497
,
509 – 12
,
556

Holy Alliance (1815):
pact between Austria, Prussia, and Russia, which sought to organize the powers of Europe for intervention against internal revolution,
165 – 6
,
169
,
877

Holy Roman Empire: the collection of mainly German cities, principalities, and estates that was the remnant of the Roman Empire after Otto the Great combined the kingship of the Germans with the emperorship of Rome,
25
,
95
,
109
,
111
,
150
,
484
,
488
,
557
,
559

Hong Kong,
470
,
672
,
727
,
760

House, Edward M. (Colonel House) (1858 – 1938): U.S. diplomat and politician;
advisor to Woodrow Wilson,
314 – 15
,
359 – 60
,
367 – 75
,
378 – 400
,
403 – 4
,
406 – 10
,
475 – 7
,
481
,
573
,
578
,
628
,
631
,
659
,
660 – 3
,
782
,
854 – 8
,
871
,
900