THE SHIELD OF ACHILLES (162 page)
Read THE SHIELD OF ACHILLES Online
Authors: Philip Bobbitt
Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty (1996):
international treaty banning underground and atmospheric testing of nuclear weapons; signed by President Clinton, but never ratified by U.S. Senate,
312
condottiere
(pl.
condottieri
): leader of a mercenary force,
82 – 3
,
86
,
148
,
190 – 1
,
836
Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (CSCE),
61
,
431
,
446
,
455
,
621
,
635
,
877
Congress of Vienna: reorganized Europe after the Napoleonic Wars,
24
,
161
,
164
,
170
,
172
,
175 – 6
,
334
,
344
,
360
conscription (the drafting of soldiers),
42
,
100
,
112
,
114
,
134
,
151
,
157
,
175
,
177
,
182
,
185
,
242
,
304
,
307
,
347
,
538
,
545
,
569
,
670
,
825
constitutional order: historic categorization of the state;
determined by its unique basis for legitimacy,
10
,
16
,
17
,
23 – 4
,
34
,
41
,
44
,
61
,
67
,
73
,
83
,
103
,
107
,
115
,
132
,
136 – 7
,
145
,
153
,
176
,
178
,
186
,
197
,
206 – 7
,
209
,
211
,
213 – 4
,
228 – 9
,
233 – 5
,
240 – 2
,
278
,
288
,
301
,
304 – 5
,
321
,
324
,
331 – 2
,
334 – 5
,
339 – 41
,
344
,
346 – 7
,
358
,
362 – 5
,
385
,
387
,
400
,
448
,
470
,
479
,
481 – 3
,
502
,
523
,
541
,
564
,
568
,
594
,
609
,
613
,
633
,
638
,
640
,
657
,
660
,
715
,
721
,
777
,
778 – 9
,
784
,
796
,
804
,
811
,
813 – 5
,
826
,
852
,
854
,
866
,
873
Contact Group: concert of great powers convened to settle Bosnia-Serbia dispute,
424 – 5
,
455
,
465
containment: U.S. doctrine for defeating communism in the Cold War,
48
,
56 – 9
,
64
,
244
,
275 – 7
,
281
,
293
,
310
,
628
,
653 – 4
,
698
,
802
Corfu Declaration (1917),
452
Council of Blood, special Spanish tribunal in the Low Countries during Thirty Years' War,
495
Covenant of the League of Nations (1919): the League of Nations charter;
unrati-fied by U.S. Senate,
400
,
408
,
471
covert action:
those actions by a state that are intended to influence the politics and policies of a target state without the hand of the acting state being disclosed,
235
,
318
,
321 – 4
,
903
critical infrastructures: those infrastructures supporting and connecting telecommunications, energy, banking and finance, transportation,
government service without which contemporary developed states would be unsustainable,
11
,
296
,
690
,
725 – 6
,
778
,
782
,
787
,
792 – 4
,
813
,
903
,
905
Cuban Missile Crisis (1962): nuclear confrontation between U.S. and Soviet Union precipitated by presence of Soviet nuclear missiles in Cuba,
51
,
55
,
57
cuius regio eius religio
:
ruler's religious preference binds his subjects (doctrine of treaties of Augsburg and Westphalia),
105
,
120
,
279
,
487 – 8
,
506
,
866
Cyprus,
447
D‘Annunzio, Gabriele (1863 – 1938): Italian poet and revolutionary,
37
de Gaulle, Charles Andre Joseph Marie (1890 – 1970):
French general and politician;
led Free French in World War II;
French provisional president (1945 – 1946);
prime minister (1958 – 1959);
president (1959 – 1969),
251
,
630
,
730
,
871
deterrence: a strategy, often pertaining to nuclear weapons, intended to dissuade an opponent from certain actions through threats,
11 – 5
,
48 – 9
,
52
,
235
,
244
,
310
,
328 – 9
,
400
,
620
,
680 – 3
,
686
,
689 – 91
,
713
,
726
,
759
,
788
,
812 – 4
,
820 – 1
Diplomatic Revolution of 1748,
143
Douhet, Guilio (1869 – 1930): Italian military strategist;
early advocate of military significance of air power,
325
Dukakis, Michael,
10
Eagleburger, Lawrence Sidney: U.S. diplomat;
deputy secretary of state (1989 – 1992);
secretary of state (1992 – 1993),
428
,
445 – 6
,
451
Edict of Nantes (1598): recognized minority Protestant rights within Catholic France,
108
,
125
Emmanuel II, Victor (1820 – 1878): king of Sardinia-Piedmont (1849 – 1861);
king of Italy (1861 – 1878, first modern king of unified Italy),
183
England,
22
,
25
,
35
,
78
,
81
,
83
,
94
,
96
,
117 – 18
,
122
,
126
,
128 – 31
,
135
,
149
,
155
,
159
,
161
,
201
,
334 – 5
,
368
,
380
,
382
,
385
,
390
,
486
,
487
,
497
,
511
,
521
,
546
,
554
,
902
entrepreneurial state: seeks leadership through the production and marketing of collective goods that the world's states want,
283 – 4
,
286
,
288 – 9
,
292 – 3
;
336 – 7
epochal war: a war that challenges and ultimately changes the basic constitutional structure of the State, by linking strategic to constitutional innovations,
8
,
10
,
22 – 3
,
30
,
64
,
67
,
88
,
109 – 11
,
127
,
146
,
146
,
151
,
203
,
333
,
334 – 6
,
342
,
346
,
383
,
487
,
504
,
520 – 1
,
539
,
556
,
571
,
575
,
638
,
661
,
720 – 1
,
778 – 9
,
815
,
820
,
826
,
830
ethnic cleansing: to expel ethnic groups from a State, through terror or extermination,
226
,
276
,
286
,
289
,
310
,
316
,
326
,
338
,
434
,
437 – 44
,
446 – 7
,
450 – 1
,
458 – 9
,
466
,
481
,
726
,
731
,
861
euro: common currency proposed for E.U.,
234
,
312
,
701
,
703
,
728
,
742 – 3
,
753
European Union (E.U.),
9
,
234
,
256
,
261
,
268
,
270
,
282
,
286 – 7
,
290
,
326
,
421
,
446
,
449
,
452
,
455
,
463
,
468 – 9
,
475
,
633
,
674
,
676
,
687
,
702 – 3
,
727
,
743
,
746 – 50
,
755
,
770
,
776 – 7
,
782
,
815
,
847 – 8
,
851
,
908
extended deterrence: the nuclear threat by which nonhomeland theatres and other interests are protected,
14
,
328 – 9
,
620 – 1
,
634
,
689
,
713
,
731
,
744
fascism,
24 – 6
,
29
,
31
,
34
,
36 – 9
,
41
,
43
,
215
,
332
,
384
,
571
,
578
,
603 – 5
,
607 – 8
,
610
,
626
,
673
,
675
,
677 – 8
,
698
,
781
Federalist Papers
(1787 – 1788): series of newspaper articles, by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay;
the most important document interpreting the U.S. Constitution on the basis of historical argument,
84
,
177
,
515
,
536
,
655
,
661
,
683
Filmer, Sir Robert (d. 1653): English political philosopher associated with absolutism,
121
First Partition of Poland (1772),
138
Fischer, Fritz (1908 – 1999):
demonstrated that the German Imperial Government had planned and deliberately started the First World War and had pursued expansionist aims scarcely differing from the policies of the Third Reich,
26
,
35
,
831 – 3
,
892
Ford, Gerald, (1913- ):
U.S. president (1974 – 1977),
10
,
297
,
322
,
627