The Holocaust (154 page)

Lublin region: Jews deported to (1939),
1
,
2
; forced labour in,
3
,
4
; and Belzec death camp,
5
,
6
,
7
,
8
; a letter smuggled from,
9
; further deportations from,
10
; and the property of ‘evacuated’ Jews,
11
,
12
; ‘Harvest Festival’ massacre in (1943),
13

‘Lublinland’: deportations to (1939),
1
,
2
; help to deportees in,
3

Lucas, Eric: a witness (1938),
1
; leaves Germany for Britain (1939),
2
; his mother’s plea (1939),
3
; asks himself after the war, ‘Can I ever grasp it?’,
4

Lucas, Isaac: his son finds a haven,
1
; ‘with the help of God we shall manage’,
2

Lucas, Michael: and the
Kristallnacht
(1938),
1

Lucas, Sophie: her son finds a haven,
1
; her plea for help,
2

Luck: murder at (1941),
1
; an act of resistance near,
2
; typhus at (1942),
3
; a revolt at (1942),
4

Lukoml: mass murder at, as a reprisal (1941),
1

Lukow: Jews deported from (1942),
1
; Jews betrayed in woods near,
2

Lunsky, Haikel: a witness to murder,
1

Luria-Klebanov, Lisa: and an episode at Babi Yar (1961),
1

Lust, Lieba: deported to Gurs, where she dies (1940),
1

Lustig, Fritz: shot (1943),
1

Luther, Martin: and the Jews,
1

Luther, Martin (of the German Foreign Ministry):
1
,
2

Lutsenburg, Samson: shot (1939),
1

Lutz, Charles: protects Jews,
1
,
2

Lutzinski, Jehuda: at Chelmno,
1

Luxembourg: and the German occupation (1940),
1
; Jews deported from (1941),
2
; and the ‘final solution’,
3
; Jews from, in Lodz, deported to Chelmno (1942),
4
; Jews deported to Auschwitz from,
5
,
6
; a Jew from, deported from Theresienstadt to Auschwitz (1944),
7

Lvov (Lwow, Lemberg): killings in, 1918,
1
; occupied by Soviet troops (1939),
2
; occupied by German troops (1941),
3
; Eichmann in (1941),
4
; mass murder continues in,
5
,
6
,
7
,
8
,
9
; and the death camp at Belzec (1942),
10
; sadism at (1942),
11
; trains to Belzec from,
12
; help to Jews in (1942),
13
; visitors to,
14
; renewed round-ups in (August 1942),
15
; a Jew deported from, recalls Belzec death camp,
16
; Jews from, reach Belzec,
17
; Jews murdered at (1943),
18
; an act of defiance, followed by reprisals, in,
19
; further defiance in,
20
; the fate of corpses in,
21
; a final round-up in,
22
; the survivors in,
23
,
24

Lyons: children deported from,
1
; ‘popular indignation’ in,
2
; Italians prevent a deportation from,
3
; Jewish resistance in region of,
4
; a Jewess arrested near,
5
; Jews shot near, for resistance,
6
,
7
; Jews in liberation battle for,
8

Lyski: Jews shot at (1945),
1

MZ: an eye-witness to mass murder,
1

Macchi, Antonio: seeks to help Jews,
1

MacDonald, Malcolm: and Jewish immigration to Palestine (1939),
1

Macedonia: deportation of Jews from,
1
,
2
,
3

MacKay, Peter: hears about medical experiments carried out at Auschwitz,
1

Madagascar: rumours concerning,
1
,
2

Maglione, Cardinal: rebukes Vichy authorities,
1

Maimonides: discussed (in prison),
1
; cited (in Vilna),
2

Mainz:
1

Maisel, Rabbi: and the Warsaw uprising,
1

Maistriau, Robert: helps an escape,
1

Ma-Jafit, Chief Rabbi: killed (1941),
1

Majdanek: a concentration camp at,
1
; gas chambers at,
2
; a deportation train arrives at,
3
; continuing deportations to (1943),
4
; Jews sent to Sobibor from,
5
; Jews deported from Paris to,
6
; Jews deported from Warsaw to,
7
,
8
; Jews from Bialystok expect to be deported to,
9
; ‘Harvest Festival’ massacre at,
10
; act of defiance at,
11
; Jews sent to Borki from,
12
; Red Army enters (July 1944),
13
; Jews from, in Warsaw,
14
; a Jew from, liberated at Ebensee (1945),
15
; and the ‘hope’ of revenge by inmates at,
16

Majdan Tatarski: a holding camp at,
1

Makins, Roger: and ‘retaliation’ (1938),
1

Makovsky, Yosif: escapes,
1

Makowski, Szymon: hanged (1942),
1

Malevantshik, Leibel: killed (1942),
1

Malevantshik, Shlomo: saved (1942),
1

Malkele (from Opoczno): ‘I never did anybody any harm’,
1

Malkes, Salomon: commits suicide (1942),
1

Malkinia junction:
1
; a labour camp near,
2
; a death camp near,
3
; a deportation train passes through,
4

Maimed, Yitzhak: his act of defiance,
1
; hanged (1943),
2

Maltz (from Piotrkow): murdered after liberation,
1

Maltzer, Genia: act of defiance by,
1

Maly Trostenets: a death camp at (1942),
1
,
2
; Jews from Theresienstadt deported to,
3
; mass murder of prisoners at (1944),
4

Manaster, Arthur: born, and survives,
1

Manaster, Emil: escapes from a deportation train,
1

Manaster, Helena: in hiding,
1

Manau: and a ‘ritual murder’ charge (1934),
1

Manchester: horrors seen by men from,
1

Manchester Guardian
, the: and the Jews of Berlin (1933),
1
; and the Jews of German-occupied Poland (1940),
2
; reports on Jews driven out of Poland after liberation (1946),
3

Manielewicz, Celina: an eye-witness to a massacre (1945),
1

Mann (a representative of Head Office for Reich Security): and ‘strict secrecy’,
1

Mannheim: a newspaper campaign in, against Jews (1935),
1
; Jews deported from (1940),
2

Mansbacher, Herta: an act of defiance by (1938),
1
; deported (1942),
2

Manstein, General von: issues Reichenau’s directive,
1

Marburg: a professor from, visits Belzec,
1
,
2

Marcinkance: Jews seek to flee from,
1

Marco, Mario di: helps Jews,
1

Marcus, Kurt: recalls haven in Japan,
1

Mardfeld, Israel: executed (1941),
1
,
2
n. 4

Margules, Fajga: shot (1941),
1
,
2
n.
3

Mariampole: mass murder at (1941),
1
,
2

Markish, Aharon: and plans for a revolt,
1

Markkleeberg: Jews sent to a factory at,
1

Markuszow: a warning at,
1
; a mass escape from,
2
,
3

Marmara, Sea of: a tragedy in (1940),
1

Marmelstein, Mojse: killed (1939),
1
,
2
n.
3

Marseilles: Jews seized in (1943),
1

Marszalkowska Street (Warsaw): the ‘terror’ of (1940),
1

Masur, Norbert: Himmler’s proposal to,
1

Matisse: fate of a pupil of,
1

Matveenko (a collaborator): hanged (1941),
1

Mauthausen Concentration camp: Jews deported to (1941),
1
,
2
; Jews deported to (1943),
3
; fate of seven Jews in,
4
; Eichmann summons a meeting at (1944),
5
; resistance fighters brought to,
6
; ‘handle the load yourself’,
7
; Jews evacuated to,
8
,
9
,
10
; a Jew killed in, as punishment (1945),
11
; last days at,
12
; evacuation from,
13
; liberation of,
14
,
15
; survivors from, murdered after liberation,
16

Max (from Lvov): ‘no longer among the living’,
1

Mayer, Moritz: deported (1942),
1

Mayerova, Chaya: shot (1942),
1

Mayo, Morenu: killed in an air raid (1944),
1

Mazamet: Jews in liberation of,
1

Mazia, Frieda: witnesses a public execution (1941),
1
; recalls a deportation, and a deception (1942),
2
; and a deportation ‘to new settlements’,
3
; and a courageous Jew,
4

Mechanicus, Philip: recalls ‘the most fiendish’ of the deportations,
1

Meed, Vladka:
see index entry for
Peltel, Feigele Megalif (from Warsaw): and the Nieswiez revolt (1942),
1
,
2

Meiblum, Dr: his act of courage (1942),
1
; shot,
2

Meierson, Riva: shot (1942),
1

Mein Kampf
(‘
my
struggle’):
1
,
2
; and the
Kristallnacht
(1938),
3

Mekler, David: recalls a deportation (1941),
1

Melamed, Eliezer: and a child’s concern to save his mother,
1

Melnik: a Jewess escapes to,
1

Memel: Jews flee from (1938),
1
; Germans occupy (1939),
2

Men, Mrs Genia: shot (1942),
1

Menache, Michel: dies during a deportation (1944),
1

Menace-Misrahi, Mazel: deported (1943),
1

Menasche, Dr Albert: an eye-witness at Auschwitz-Birkenau,
1
,
2

Menasche, Lillian: a ‘musician’ at Auschwitz,
1
; gassed,
2

Mendel (at Ejszyszki): and the death of a child (1941),
1

Mendelssohn: his music played in the Lodz ghetto,
1

Mengele, SS Captain, Dr Josef: at Auschwitz-Birkenau,
1
,
2
,
3
,
4
,
5
,
6
,
7
; an eyewitness of his experiments, liberated by the Americans,
8

Menkes, Sara: an eye-witness to mass murder (1941),
1

Mennecke, Dr Fritz: and gassing of Jews (1941),
1
,
2

Mennecke, Mathilde: her husband’s report to,
1

Merano: Jews deported to Birkenau from,
1

Merin, Moses: ‘royal reception’ of,
1
; his confidence,
2
; and survival, 3

70; deported (1943),
1

Mermelstein, Mel: deported to Auschwitz-Birkenau (1944),
1

Messiah, the: ‘at hand’,
1
,
2
,
3
; ‘a Jew named Weisbrot’,
4

Messiah, The:
a novel, lost,
1

Mexico:
1

Meyer (an SS man): helps Jews,
1

Meyer, Dr (a Jewish dentist): drowned (1933),
1

Michalowice: Jews resist deportation in,
1

Michalowski, Zvi: his escape from the pit,
1

Michner, Izaak: ‘He is dead’,
1

Michner, M.: enquires about fate of his son,
1

Miechow: Jews shot at,
1

Miedzeszyn: Jewish children murdered in (1942),
1

Miedzyrzec Podlaski: a deportation from
(1942),
1
; Jews from, deported to Treblinka,
2

Miedzyrzec (Volhynia): Jewish Council in (1941),
1

Miedzna: Jews shot at (1945),
1

Mielec: Jews killed in (1939),
1
; Jews deported to Belzec from (1942),
2
; Jews murdered at (1941),
3

Mielnica: an act of resistance at (1942),
1

Mila Street (Warsaw): and the ghetto revolt,
1
,
2

Milejkowski, Dr Izrael: and the Warsaw research into hunger comes to an end,
1
; commits suicide (1943),
2

Milkowski, Bezalel: his courage, and death (1942),
1

Miller, Yan: killed, with his two sisters (1944),
1

Milles, Les: Jews deported from,
1

Mills, Eric: and the ‘tragedy’ of German Jewry (1935),
1

Milos:
refugees on (1940),
1

Mineralnye Vody: Jews killed at (1942),
1

Minkowski, Chaya: killed (1936),
1

Minkowski, Josef: killed (1936),
1

Minsk: death of Jews in (1941),
1
,
2
; an eye-witness to mass murder at (1941),
3
; and poison gas plans (1941),
4
; escape of Jews from,
5
; German Jews deported to,
6
; Soviet prisoners-of-war murdered near,
7
; and the ‘final solution’,
8
; Jews from Hamburg shot in (1942),
9
; mass murder at (2

March 1942),
1
; escapes from,
2
; Jews from Vienna, deported to,
3
; mass murder at,
4
; a death camp established near (1942),
5
; a Jewish partisan killed in (1943),
6
; fate of a Jew born in,
7
; German report on the fate of Jews in,
8
; an execution in,
9
; Jews deported to Sobibor from,
10
; massacre at,
11
; partisans in region of,
12
; fate of Jews from, at Maly Trostenets (1944),
13
; a memorial site at,
14