The History of White People (58 page)

10
Ripley,
Races of Europe
, following p. 208.

11
Ibid., facing p. 394.

12
Ibid., 394–95.

13
Ibid., 318.

14
Review by W.L. of “The Races of Europe,”
New York Times
, 27 Aug. 1899, IM 10–11.

15
Otis Tufton Mason, “The Races of Europe: A Sociological Study,”
American Anthropologist
, n.s. 1, no. 4 (Oct. 1899): 770–73. Mason belonged to the anthropology faculty of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and regularly reviewed books for the
American Anthropologist
.

16
Ripley to Edward Robert Anderson Seligman, Boston, 27 Nov. 1901, Butler Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Columbia University.

17
“Future Americans Will Be Swarthy. Prof. Ripley Thinks Race Intermixture May Reproduce Remote Ancestral Type. TO INUNDATE ANGLO-SAXON. His Burden, Though Physically Thus Engulfed, Will Be to Bear Torch of Civilization,”
New York Times
, 29 Nov. 1908, p. 7.

18
William Z. Ripley, “The European Population of the United States,”
Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland
38 (July 1908): 224–25, 234, 239–40.

19
Ripley to Edward Robert Anderson Seligman, Cambridge, Mass., 21 Nov. 1901, Butler Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Columbia University.

20
Arthur Schlesinger Jr., “The ‘Hundred Days’ of F.D.R.,”
New York Times Book Review
, 10 April 1983, http://www.nytimes.com/books/ 00/11/26/specials/schlesinger -hundred.html.

21
Ida S. Ripley died in 1966. See
New York Times
, 19 March 1966, p. 29.

CHAPTER 16: FRANZ BOAS, DISSENTER

1
Claudia Roth Pierpont, “The Measure of America: How a Rebel Anthropologist Waged War on Racism,”
New Yorker
, 8 March 2004, p. 52.

2
See George W. Stocking Jr.,
Race, Culture, and Evolution: Essays in the History of Anthropology
(Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1968, 1982), 167.

3
Douglas Cole,
Franz Boas: The Early Years, 1858–1906
(Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1999), 60.

4
Quoted ibid., 72.

5
Ibid., 132, 136.

6
Lee D. Baker,
From Savage to Negro: Anthropology and the Construction of Race, 1896–1954
(Berkeley: University of California Press, 1998), 103.

7
Boas to President Nicholas Murray Butler, New York, 15 Nov. 1902, in
A Franz Boas Reader: The Shaping of American Anthropology, 1883–1911
, ed. George W. Stocking Jr. (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1974 and 1982), 290; Stocking,
Race, Culture, and Evolution
, 166; Cole,
Franz Boas
, 220, 284. See also Vernon J. Williams Jr.,
Rethinking Race: Franz Boas and His Contemporaries
(Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 1996), 9–12.

8
In
Franz Boas Reader
, 242.

9
“The Outlook for the American Negro,” in
Franz Boas Reader
, 310–11, 314–15.

10
Ibid., 310–11, 314–15.

11
In Leonard B. Glick, “Types Distinct from Our Own: Franz Boas on Jewish Identity and Assimilation,” in
American Anthropology, 1971–1995: Papers from the
American Anthropologist (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2002), 356–58, 360–61.

12
In Glick, “Types Distinct from Our Own,” 341.

13
Gompers went so far as to charge that Chinese men love to “prey upon Americans girls” and “do not care how old the boys are.” See Arthur Mann, “Gompers and the Irony of Racism,”
Antioch Review
13, No. 2 (June 1953): 208–9.

14
George M. Fredrickson, “Prejudice and Discrimination, History of,” in
Harvard Encyclopedia of American Ethnic Groups
, ed. Stephan Thernstrom (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1980), 836–37, 843–45; John Higham,
Strangers in the Land: Patterns of American Nativism, 1860–1925
(New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 1955), 46–48, 69.

15
Higham,
Strangers in the Land
, 26–27, 92–93.

16
Williams,
Rethinking Race
, 23–24. Williams terms anthropologists’ response to Boas “almost hysterical.”

17
In Thomas F. Gossett,
Race: The History of an Idea in America
(Dallas: Southern Methodist University Press, 1963), 307.

18
Franz Boas, “
The Races of Europe
” (review),
Science
, n.s. 10, no. 244 (1 Sept. 1899): 292–96.

19
See Allan Chase,
The Legacy of Malthus: The Social Costs of the New Scientific Racism
(New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1977), 96, and Cole,
Franz Boas
, 268.

20
Stocking,
Race, Culture, and Evolution
, 174–77.

21
Franz Boas,
Changes in Bodily Form of Descendants of Immigrants
(reprinted from the
Reports of the United States Immigration Commission
) (New York: Columbia University Press, 1912), 33, 59. See also Corey S. Sparks and Richard L. Jantz, “Changing Times, Changing Faces: Franz Boas’s Immigrant Study in Modern Perspectives,”
American Anthropologist
105, no. 2 (June 2003): 333–37.

22
U.S. Immigration Commission,
Brief Statement of the Conclusions and Recommendations of the Immigration Commission, with Views of the Minority
(Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1910), 12–13, 35–36.

23
Baker,
From Savage to Negro
, 107.

24
See John Bodnar,
The Transplanted: A History of Immigrants in Urban America
(Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1985), 86–89, 102–11, 123–28.

25
Humbert S. Nelli, “Italians,” and Arthur A. Goren, “Jews,” in
Harvard Encyclopedia of American Ethnic Groups
, 554, 585–86; “Jews Who Have Served in the United States House of Representatives,” Jewish Virtual Library of the American-Israeli Cooperative Enterprise, http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/US-Israel/housejews.html.

26
A full examination of newly cosmopolitan urban culture appears in Ann Douglas,
Terrible Honesty: Mongrel Manhattan in the 1920s
(New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1995).

27
Williams,
Rethinking Race
, 6, 16–17.

28
For an extended discussion of
The Melting Pot
, see Werner Sollors,
Beyond Ethnicity: Consent and Descent in American Culture
(New York: Oxford University Press, 1986), 66–99, and David Biale, “The Melting Pot and Beyond: Jews and the Politics of American Identity,” in
Insider/Outsider: American Jews and Multiculturalism
, ed. David Biale, Michael Galchinsky, and Susan Heschel (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1998), 17–33. See also Todd M. Endelman, “Benjamin Disraeli and the Myth of Sephardi Superiority,”
Jewish History
10, no. 2 (Sept. 1996): 22, 25, 28, 30–32.

29
Online version at V Dare.com, http://www.vdare.com/fulford/melting_pot_play.htm.

CHAPTER 17: ROOSEVELT, ROSS, AND RACE SUICIDE

1
Thomas G. Dyer,
Theodore Roosevelt and the Idea of Race
(Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1980), 2–3. See also Horace M. Kallen,
Culture and Democracy in the United States: Studies in the Group Psychology of the American People
(New York: Boni and Liveright, 1924), 129.

2
The Naval War of 1812
(New York: Putnam’s Sons, 1882);
Thomas Hart Benton
(Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1887);
Gouverneur Morris
(New York: Houghton Mifflin, 1888);
The Winning of the West
, 4 vols. (New York: Putnam’s Sons, 1889–96).

3
Quoted in Dyer,
Theodore Roosevelt
, 51–52, 66.

4
Neil Baldwin,
Henry Ford and the Jews: The Mass Production of Hate
(New York: Public Affairs, 2001), 33–34.

5
In Dyer,
Theodore Roosevelt
, 53, and Edward N. Saveth,
American Historians and European Immigrants, 1875–1925
(New York: Columbia University Press, 1948), 18–25, 51–52, 62.

6
Saveth,
American Historians
, 35, n. 11, 41, 59.

7
Quoted in Dyer,
Theodore Roosevelt
, 53, and Saveth,
American Historians
, 139.

8
Quoted in Dyer,
Theodore Roosevelt
, 144–45.

9
Quoted ibid., 152.

10
Edward A. Ross, “race suicide,” in “The Causes of Racial Superiority,”
Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science
18 (1901): 67–89. See also Daniel T. Rodgers,
Atlantic Crossings: Social Politics in a Progressive Age
(Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1998).

11
Howard W. Odum,
American Sociology: The Story of Sociology in the United States through 1950
(New York: Longmans, Green, 1951), 98–102, http://spartan.ac.brocku.ca/~lward/Odum/ BiographicalSketches/Ross.html.

12
Ross, “Causes of Race Superiority,” 68, 70, 73, 75, 83, 85.

13
Ibid., 75, 79, 84–86.

14
Edward Alsworth Ross, “The Value Rank of the American People,”
Independent
57 (Nov. 1904): 1061.

15
Ross, “Causes of Race Superiority,” 89; Ross, “The Value Rank of the American People,” 1063.

16
Ross, “Causes of Race Superiority,” 74, 80.