The Defence of the Realm (171 page)

99
 ‘Note on Information Received in Connection with the Crisis of September, 1938', [7 Nov. 1938], TNA KV 4/16.

100
 Security Service Archives.

101
 ‘Note on Information Received in Connection with the Crisis of September, 1938', [7 Nov. 1938], TNA KV 4/16.

102
 Security Service Archives.

103
 
Security Service
,
pp. 121
–
2
.

104
 Brendon,
Dark Valley
,
p. 522
.

105
 ‘Note on Information Received in Connection with the Crisis of September, 1938', [7 Nov. 1938], TNA KV 4/16.

106
 Cadogan diary, 28, 29 Nov., 1, 6 Dec. 1938, CCAC ACAD 1/7.

107
 On Hoare's First World War career in MI5 and MI1c, see above,
pp. 104
–
5
. For six months in 1936 Hoare was an unsuccessful foreign secretary.

108
 Security Service Archives.

109
 Brendon,
Dark Valley
,
p. 536
.

110
 Security Service Archives.

111
 Putlitz,
Putlitz Dossier
, ch. 21. Curry corroborates Putlitz's account of Vansittart's offer of asylum; Security Service Archives.

112
 
Security Service
,
p. 122
.

113
 Security Service Archives.

114
 Dilks (ed.),
Cadogan Diaries
,
p. 151
.

115
 Feiling,
Neville Chamberlain
,
p. 396
.

116
 Vansittart sent his report to Halifax on 20 February. Putlitz later recalled in his memoirs (
Putlitz Dossier
,
pp. 164
–
5
) that he had telephoned Ustinov on 21 February 1939 with a warning that Hitler would invade Czechoslovakia on 15 March. It seems likely that Putlitz slightly misremembered the date of his telephone call, that he made it a day or so earlier, and that it prompted Vansittart's warning to Halifax. It is also likely that Putlitz was slightly less specific than he later recalled about the date of the German invasion.

117
 Rose,
Vansittart
,
pp. 232
–
3
.

118
 Dilks (ed.),
Cadogan Diaries
,
pp. 153
–
7
,
163
. Rose,
Vansittart
,
p. 233
. Andrew,
Secret Service
,
pp. 585
–
6
.

119
 Colvin,
Chamberlain Cabinet
,
p. 188
.

120
 See above,
p. 198
.

121
 The precise point at which White succeeded Curry as Ustinov's liaison officer is not recorded in the surviving files. The most probable date is February 1939, when Curry had a serious eye operation. The operation failed and a second was only partly successful. He was on sick leave for seven months. Security Service Archives.

122
 Christopher Andrew, interview with Sir Dick White, 1984.

123
 Dilks (ed.),
Cadogan Diaries
,
p. 170
. Andrew,
Secret Service
,
p. 590
.

124
 Douglas,
Advent of War
,
pp. 11
–
12
.

125
 Hinsley et al.,
British Intelligence in the Second World War
, vol. 1,
pp. 41
,
85
.

126
 Dilks (ed.),
Cadogan Diaries
,
p. 158
. Cadogan diary, 21 April 1939, CCAC ACAD 1/8.

127
 Hinsley et al.,
British Intelligence in the Second World War
, vol. 1,
pp. 42
–
3
.

128
 Hinsley and Simkins,
British Intelligence in the Second World War
, vol. 4,
pp. 11
–
12
.

129
 Security Service Archives.

130
 Security Service Archives.

131
 Heinemann, ‘Abwehr',
p. 1
.

132
 For Hitler's 1935 ban on Abwehr espionage in Britain, see Leverkuehn,
German Military Intelligence
,
p. 93
; Kahn,
Hitler's Spies
,
pp. 346
–
7
.

133
 Curry's account of pre-war Abwehr espionage in Britain (
Security Service
,
pp. 125
–
6
), written in 1945–6, now requires to be revised and updated.

134
 ‘Major Christopher Draper', n.d., TNA KV 2/365. ‘Pre-War Espionage on behalf of Germany in Great Britain', March 1942, TNA KV 3/47. Draper,
Mad Major
.

135
 Hinchley Cooke, Minute 7, 19 Aug. 1937, TNA KV 2/19. ‘Pre-War Espionage on behalf of Germany in Great Britain', March 1942, TNA KV 3/47.
Security Service
,
p. 136
.

136
 Andrew,
For the President's Eyes Only
,
p. 90
.

137
 
Security Service
,
pp. 148
,
163
.

138
 Minute 34, 8 Feb. 1938, TNA KV 2/2618.

139
 Security Service Archives.

140
 See below,
p. 248
.

141
 
Security Service
,
pp. 127
–
8
.

142
 Ibid.

143
 TNA KV 3/205–8.

144
 TNA KV 3/206.

145
 Masterman,
Double-Cross System
,
pp. 36
–
9
. The MI5 SNOW files are in TNA KV 2/444–53; description of SNOW from KV 2/444.

146
 Masterman,
Double-Cross System
,
pp. 39
–
40
.

147
 Security Service Archives. The first public identification of Folkert van Koutrik as an Abwehr-controlled double agent, based on captured Abwehr files, is in Farago,
Game of the Foxes
, ch. 11.

148
 See below,
pp. 241
–
2
,
244
–
5
.

149
 Guy Liddell diary, 30 Aug. 1939.

150
 Dilks (ed.),
Cadogan Diaries
,
pp. 204
–
6
. Andrew,
Secret Service
,
p. 605
.

SECTION C: THE SECOND WORLD WAR

Introduction: The Security Service and its Wartime Staff: ‘From Prison to Palace'

1
 According to a Security Service colleague, the author of the phrase was Major Malcolm Cumming.

2
 Security Service Archives.

3
 Recollections of a former Security Service officer.

4
 Security Service Archives.

5
 ‘It girls' father was Pink Panther thief',
Sunday Times
, 23 Sept. 2007.

6
 Memoir by Milicent Bagot, Security Service Archives. On Bagot's early Service career, see above,
p. 131
.

7
 Security Service Archives.

8
 Security Service Archives.

9
 Security Service Archives.

10
 Security Service Archives.

11
 Security Service Archives.

12
 Security Service Archives.

13
 Lady Kell, ‘A Secret Well Kept', IWM.

14
 Kell to Cadogan, 8 Dec. 1938, Cabinet Office papers.

15
 Cadogan to Sir Warren Fisher, 23 Dec. 1938, Cabinet Office papers.

16
 Sir James Rae (Treasury) to C. Howard Smith (Foreign Office), 31 Jan. 1939, Cabinet Office papers.

17
 Curry later noted: ‘For some time previous to his retirement Sir Vernon Kell had felt the onerous nature of his duties weighed heavily on him.'
Security Service
,
p. 163
.

18
 Director General's report on the Security Service, Feb. 1941, TNA KV 4/88.

19
 See below,
pp. 255
–
6
.

20
 Rose,
Elusive Rothschild
. On Blunt, see below,
pp. 268ff
.

21
 Andrew,
Secret Service
,
p. 642
.

22
 Christopher Andrew, interview with Sir Ashton Roskill, 1984.

23
 Masterman,
Chariot Wheel
,
p. 219
.

24
 Officer numbers (not including Security Control personnel in ports) declined to 323 in January 1944, to 273 in January 1945 and to 250 in July 1945. Secretarial and Registry staff (not including Security Control personnel in ports) declined to 852 in January 1944, to 748 in January 1945 and to 647 in July 1945.
Security Service
,
p. 373
.

25
 According to official statistics, the numbers of ‘other ranks' in Security Control personnel were 328 in September 1939, 825 in May 1943 and 415 (plus 39 ATS) in April 1945. The apparent decline in ‘other ranks' during the last two years at a time when officer numbers were rising may be accounted for by increased use of locally recruited support staff who do not figure in central MI5 statistics.
Security Service
,
pp. 323
–
4
.

26
 Ibid.,
pp. 396
–
7
.

27
 Recollections of a former Security Service officer. Security Service Archives. On Jane Archer's earlier career in the Service, see above,
pp. 122
,
128
,
131
.

28
 See below,
pp. 265ff
.

29
 Guy Liddell wrote in his diary on 18 Nov. 1940, ‘I heard today that Jane had been sacked for insubordination. This is a very serious blow to us all. There is no doubt that she was on completely the wrong leg but somehow I feel that the incident should not have happened. I am trying to think whether there is anything to be done.' If Liddell did intervene, he was clearly unsuccessful.

30
 Guy Liddell diary, 5 Nov. 1947.

31
 See below,
pp. 236
,
343
.

32
 Rothschild wrote in September 1941: ‘Before the new arrangements as regards women in the office, it was agreed that Miss Sherer should be an officer.' Security Service Archives.

33
 See above,
pp. 179ff
. Since 1937 Knight's section had been known as B5b. In 1940 it became B5. In August 1941, according to a staff list, it was ‘transferred to DG staff and renamed MS'.

34
 Miller later revealed her role in
One Girl's War
.

35
 See below,
pp. 224
–
5
.

36
 Security Service Archives.

37
 [Maxwell Knight], ‘M.S. Report', TNA KV 4/227. In a note of October 1942 Knight said that he ‘counted as officers' the two women (one of whom was Joan Miller) on his staff of eleven.

38
 See above,
pp. 80
–
81
.

39
 Guy Liddell diary, 30 Aug. 1939.

40
 
Security Service
,
pp. 149
–
50
.

41
 Further MI5 and police investigations led to a rise in the numbers of those interned to a total of about 2,000 by May 1940. Wilson, ‘War in the Dark',
pp. 59
–
60
.

42
 
Security Service
,
pp. 149
–
50
.

43
 Guy Liddell, 1943, minute in D. G. White Lecture Notes, TNA KV 4/170.

44
 Ibid., 17 Dec. 1939. Wilson, ‘War in the Dark',
p. 61
.

45
 
Security Service
,
p. 148
.

46
 Ibid., ch. 4, part 1.

47
 Wasserstein,
Britain and the Jews of Europe
,
p. 88
. Gilbert,
Finest Hour
,
p. 342
. Cross,
Swinton
,
p. 225
.

48
 McLaine,
Ministry of Morale
,
pp. 74
,
80
–
1
.

49
 ‘Summary of the work of B3 sections during the war 1939–1945. An investigation of markings on telegraph poles for suspected codes', TNA KV 4/12.

50
 ‘Report on the use of Carrier Pigeons by the German Intelligence Service, 1940–1941'; ‘Report on the operations of B3 C in connection with suspected communication with the enemy by the use of carrier pigeons, during 1939–1945', TNA KV 4/10.

51
 Wilson, ‘War in the Dark'. Minute by Petrie, 13 April 1946; Minute no. 27 on Curry History, TNA KV 4/3.

52
 See above,
p. 53
.

53
 Andrew,
Secret Service
,
p. 667
.

54
 Minute by Petrie, 13 April 1946; Minute no. 27 on Curry History, TNA KV 4/3.

55
 ‘Recommendations of the Chiefs of Staff', WP(40)168, TNA CAB 65/7. Wilson, ‘War in the Dark',
p. 62
.

56
 Guy Liddell diary, 25 May 1940.

57
 Muggeridge,
Chronicles of Wasted Time
, vol. 2,
p. 108
.