The Defence of the Realm (166 page)

121
 Army War College Washington, Lecture by Lieutenant Colonel C. E. Dansey, 4 May 1917, NAW RG 165, 9944–A–4.

122
 Since joining MI5 in March 1917, Pakenham had already served as liaison officer in Paris and South Africa. ‘Alphabetical list and register of past and present [MI5] members', Nov. 1921. See above,
p. 80
.

123
 Security Service Archives. Typically for MI5 officer recruits, Pakenham listed his recreations as ‘fishing, shooting, golf'.

124
 Security Service Archives.

125
 The first recorded visit to MI5 HQ was on 21 August 1918 by W. Lee Hurley, special attaché at the US embassy; the last on 26 February 1919 by Sergeant M. Y. Hughes, of the US Intelligence Corps. Security Service Archives. There may well have been a series of meetings between US intelligence and MI5 officers for which no record survives.

126
 Thwaites left MI5 on 22 July 1918. Security Intelligence Service Seniority List and Register of Past and Present Members, December 1919.

127
 Andrew,
For the President's Eyes Only,
pp. 38
–
9
.

128
 Ibid.,
pp. 39
–
40
,
552 n. 39
.

129
 Memorandum, 28 March 1918, SLYU Wiseman MSS, series 1, box 6, folder 172.

130
 See above,
pp. 74
–
5
.

131
 Wiseman to Cumming, 6 Sept. 1918, in SLYU Wiseman MSS, series 1, box 6, folder 171. Andrew,
For the President's Eyes Only
,
p. 90
.

132
 Thomson,
Scotland Yard
, ch. 20. Jeffery and Hennessy,
States of Emergency
,
p. 5
.

133
 Andrew,
First World War,
p. 48
.

134
 GT 6079, 21 Oct. 1918, TNA CAB 24/67.

135
 Thomson,
Scene Changes
,
pp. 358
,
377
. See above,
p. 107
.

136
 C. E. Russell to Thomson, 14 Oct. 1918, enclosing memo by Long, Wiltshire Public Record Office, Long MSS. I am grateful to Professor Eunan O'Halpin for this reference.

137
 Thomson to Long, 15 Oct. 1918, enclosing ‘Comments on the Attached Memorandum. Scheme for the Reorganisation and Coordination of Intelligence', Wiltshire Public Record Office, Long MSS.

138
 Long to Thomson, 16 Oct. 1918; Long to Lloyd George, n.d., Wiltshire Public Record Office, Long MSS.

139
 Long to Lloyd George, 18 Nov. 1918, Wiltshire Public Record Office, Long MSS.

140
 Security Service Archives. According to Constance Kell the visit to Dublin was ‘to inspect port facilities'. Lady Kell ‘Secret Well Kept',
p. 167
, IWM. She also refers to the trip to Alnwick, her eventual visit to join Kell and her difficulties in mastering the art of fly fishing
(p. 172)
.

141
 Report of the Secret Service Committee, Feb. 1919, TNA CAB 127/356. Curzon to Long, 18 Feb. 1919, Wiltshire Record Office, Long MSS. Long to Austen Chamberlain, 2 Nov. 1921, BUL Chamberlain MSS AC 23/2/1.

142
 Edward Bell to Leland Harrison, 2 May 1919, Library of Congress, Leland Harrison MSS, box 102. MI5's Washington office had closed on 26 March 1919. ‘Alphabetical list and register of past and present [MI5] members', Nov. 1921.

SECTION B: BETWEEN THE WARS

Introduction: MI5 and its Staff – Survival and Revival

1
 Security Service Archives.

2
 Lady Kell, ‘Secret Well Kept',
pp. 171
–
2
, IWM.

3
 Report of the Secret Service Committee, Feb. 1919, TNA CAB 127/356. On the Committee, see above,
pp. 108
–
9
.

4
 Security Service Archives.

5
 Cumming's reaction will be discussed in Jeffery,
Official History of the Secret Intelligence Service
.

6
 ‘Record of a Meeting held at the Admiralty on the 7th April, 1919, to consider the question of Secret Service Expenditure', TNA KV 4/182, s. 2a.

7
 
Daily Mail
, 25 April 1919.

8
 Churchill, ‘Reduction of Estimates for Secret Services', 19 March 1920, HLRO Lloyd George MSS F/9/2/16.

9
 ‘Defence Security Intelligence Service. List of Personnel', May 1920, TNA KV 4/127. The List of Personnel totals 150 but does not include Kell.

10
 Security Service Archives.

11
 The memo added:

4. Any proposal to transfer the present staff and records bodily to Sir Basil Thomson would suffer, not only from the disadvantages attached to civilian control over what is, and must remain, mainly a military organization, but also from the fact that economy would not thereby be secured. The Army Council is satisfied that the proposed expenditure is necessary and can see no advantages and many disadvantages from any change in the existing organization.

Security Service Archives.

12
 Obituary, Captain H. M. Miller,
The Times
, 15 June 1934.

13
 Security Service Archives.

14
 See below,
p. 130
.

15
 Churchill to Lloyd George and other ministers, 19 March 1920, HLRO Lloyd George MSS F/9/2/16.

16
 Churchill, ‘Reduction of Estimates for Secret Services', 19 March 1920, HLRO Lloyd George MSS F/9/2/16.

17
 Andrew,
Secret Service
,
pp. 404
–
6
.

18
 Hinsley and Simkins,
British Intelligence in the Second World War
, vol. 4,
pp. 6
–
7
,
9
.

19
 Andrew,
Secret Service
,
pp. 421
–
2
.

20
 Recollections of a Kell family member.

21
 Andrew,
Secret Service
,
p. 421
. Sinclair also had designs on the minuscule Indian Political Intelligence (IPI) which shared offices with MI5.

22
 Minutes of Secret Service Committee, 10 March 1925, TNA FO 1093/68.

23
 Evidence by Kell to Secret Service Committee, 10 March 1925, TNA FO 1093/68.

24
 Security Service Archives. ‘Bar Examination',
The Times
, 27 April 1922.

25
 Black and Brunt, ‘Information Management in MI5'.

26
 See below,
pp. 227
,
228
–
9
.

27
 Security Service Archives.

28
 Secret Service Committee 1925, minutes of 10 March 1925, TNA FO 1093/68.

29
 Security Service Archives.

30
 Bennett,
Churchill's Man of Mystery
,
pp. 71
–
4
.

31
 Information kindly supplied by Gill Bennett; cf. Bennett,
Churchill's Man of Mystery
,
pp. 72
,
81
. On Boddington and ‘Finney', see below,
p. 152
.

32
 Security Service Archives.

33
 Security Service Archives.

34
 Knight,
Pets Usual and Unusual
,
pp. 13
–
14
,
78
–
9
. Obituaries in
The Times
, 27, 31 Jan. 1968.

35
 Matthews and Knight,
Senses of Animals
,
p. 13
.

36
 Security Service Archives.

37
 Recollections of a former Security Service officer.

38
 See above,
p. 108
.

39
 Dorril,
Blackshirt
,
p. 196
.

40
 Hope, ‘Surveillance or Collusion?',
pp. 652
–
8
.

41
 Security Service Archives.

42
 Knight, ‘Policy Re Study and Investigation of Fascism and other Right Wing or Kindred Movements and Activities, 1933–1945', s. 1z, ‘Fascism in Great Britain', 22 August 1933,
pp. 1
–
2
. TNA KV 4/331.

43
 Andrew,
First World War
,
p. 67
.

44
 Bennett,
Churchill's Man of Mystery
,
pp. 129
,
345 n. 22
.

45
 ‘List of names of past staff prepared for mobilisation as necessary', Summary of General Strike, minutes of 1 May 1926, TNA KV 4/246.

46
 ‘The Secret Services: Inquiry by the Minister without Portfolio [Lord Hankey]. Second Report dealing with the Security Service (MI5)', Jan.–May 1940, TNA CAB 127/383. Security Service Archives.

47
 P. Report No. 2, 6 May 1926, TNA KV 4/246. ‘Communist Effort to Undermine Loyalty and Discipline in H.M. Forces During the General Strike', May 1926, part III, TNA KV4/246. Quinlan, ‘Human Intelligence Tradecraft and MI5 Operations in Britain',
pp. 104
–
6
.

48
 Joint control ended in 1927, when ownership passed to the TUC.

49
 Summary of General Strike, ‘Report sent to M.I(B) 15 May 1926', ‘Strike News and Communist News, May 13th, 1926', TNA KV 4/246. Quinlan, ‘Human Intelligence Tradecraft and MI5 Operations in Britain',
pp. 108
–
10
.

50
 Kell, letter to staff, 16 May 1926, Summary of General Strike, Appendix 4, TNA KV 4/246.

51
 Security Service Archives.

52
 Security Service Archives.

53
 Davidson,
Memoirs of a Conservative
,
p. 272
.

54
 Ramsden,
Making of Conservative Party Policy
, chs 3, 4. Entry on Ball by Lord Blake in
DNB 1961–1970
.

55
 
Security Service
,
p. 99
.

56
 Security Service Archives. During the 1970s the scope of protective security was extended to cover protection against terrorist attack.

57
 Security Service Archives.

58
 Security Service Archives.

59
 
Security Service
,
p. 99
. ‘Defence Security Service (Peace Organisation)', 31 May 1929, TNA KV 4/127. Statistics on Registry and secretarial staff do not survive. During the 1920s MI5 sometimes used the name ‘Defence Security Service' or ‘Defence Security Intelligence Service'.

60
 Security Service Archives.

61
 
Morning Post
, 25 Oct. 1933.

62
 Recollections of former Security Service officers.

63
 ‘Defence Security Service (Peace Organisation)', 31 May 1929, TNA KV 4/127. See above,
p. 63
.

64
 Security Service Archives.

65
 Recollections of a former Security Service officer.

66
 Recollections of a former Security Service officer.

67
 Recollections of a former Security Service officer.

68
 Sissmore's duties in 1929 were officially designated as ‘Defence Security Intelligence concerning Russia'. ‘Defence Security Service (Peace Organisation)', 31 May 1929, TNA KV 4/127.

69
 See below,
pp. 265ff
.

70
 
Security Service
,
p. 99
.

71
 Security Service Archives.

72
 Bennett,
Churchill's Man of Mystery
,
pp. 128
–
9
.

73
 Security Service Archives.

74
 Bennett,
Churchill's Man of Mystery
,
pp. 128
–
33
. Interwar MI5 Who's Who.

75
 See below,
pp. 158
–
9
.

76
 Summary of proceedings of Secret Service Committee, 24 June 1931, TNA FO 1093/74.

77
 Security Service Archives.

78
 Hinsley and Simkins,
British Intelligence in the Second World War
, vol. 4,
p. 8
.

79
 Ibid.

80
 
Security Service
,
p. 102
.

81
 See above,
p. 118
.

82
 Security Service Archives.

83
 Obituary, Captain H. M. Miller,
The Times
, 15 June 1934.

84
 Obituary, Guy Liddell,
The Times
, 6 Dec. 1958.

85
 Recollections of a former Security Service officer.

86
 Philby,
My Silent War
,
p. 74
.

87
 Christopher Andrew, interview with Sir Dick White, 1984.

88
 Guy Liddell diary, 6 Dec. 1940.

89
 Security Service Archives.

90
 Recollections of a former Security Service officer. Unlike Sissmore, however, Bagot did not gain officer rank until 1949.

91
 Security Service Archives.

92
 
Security Service
,
p. 107
. Andrew,
Secret Service
,
p. 521
. See below,
p. 132
.