Read The Canongate Burns Online
Authors: Robert Burns
Currie (iii. 32) reports Gilbert Burns as recording the origin of the poem thus: âwritten early in the year 1785. The Schoolmaster of Tarbolton parish, to eke out its scanty subsistence allowed to that useless class of men, had set up a shop of grocery goods. Having accidentally fallen upon some medical books, and become almost hobby-horsically attached to the study of medicine, he had added the sale of few medicines to his little trade ⦠and advertised that âAdvice would be given in common disorders at the shop gratis'. This schoolmaster was John Wilson (c. 1751â1839) who compounded his other errors by boasting at a Masonic meeting in Burns's presence of his medical prowess. The poet's hatchet, unimpaired, unlike Death's scythe, did the following job on him. Extraordinarily, either because of innocence, or given the other evidence, gross stupidity, Wilson bore the poet no ill will over this. The poem did him no harm and when he was removed from Tarbolton School, he wrote to the poet for help and Burns considerately replied (Letter 420). He subsequently became a prosperous session clerk in Govan. See J.C. Ewing
BC
, 1941, pp. 31â9 for his biography.
The poem involves two narratives. First that of the poet who on meeting with Death surrenders the narrative to an even more thickly vernacular voice, which, with splendid irony, laments the loss of a six-thousand-year career of mayhem to Hornbook's more lethal talents. With his ambivalence about folk-myth, Burns, jokingly, inserts footnotes which give the appearance of tying the poem into the mundane, everyday world. Hornbook's name is taken from the hornbook used in Scottish schools whereby lettered pieces of parchment were savingly inserted between a wooden back and a transparent bone front. Hence, too, the joke (l. 120) of his rattling of
the A B C. As well as Wilson's illiterate incompetence derived from a fragile knowledge of Buchan's
Domestic Medicine
, there is, amongst the wit, a wider sense of how exposed these communities were to illness and death, not least the child-aborting girl (ll. 163â8), by a mixture of, at best, useless folk-remedies and sheer general lack of adequate medical knowledge, professional or otherwise.
1
This recounter happened in seed-time 1785. R.B.
2
An epidemical fever was then raging in that country. R.B.
3
This Gentleman, Dr Hornbook, is, professionally, a brother of the sovereign Order of the Ferula; but, by intuition and inspiration, is at once an Apothecary, Surgeon, and Physician. R.B.
4
Buchan's Domestic Medicine. R.B.
5
The grave-digger. R.B.
Inscribed to John Ballantine, Esq., Ayr
First printed in the Edinburgh edition, 1787.Â
[Sir, Think not with a mercenary view
Some servile Sycophant approaches you.
To you my Muse would sing these simple lays
To you my heart its grateful homage pays,
5
I feel the weight of all your kindness past,
But thank you not as wishing it to last:
Scorn'd be the wretch whose earth-born grov'lling soul
Would in his
ledger-hopes
his Friends enroll.
Tho' I, a lowly, nameless, rustic Bard,
10
Who ne'er must hope your goodness to reward,
Yet man to man, Sir, let us fairly meet,
And like Masonic Level, equal greet.
How poor the balance! Ev'n what Monarch's plan,
Between two noble creatures such as Man.
15
That to your Friendship I am strongly tied
I still shall own it, Sir, with grateful pride,
When haply roaring seas between us tumble wide.
Or if among so many cent'ries waste,
Thro the long vista of dark ages past,
20
Some much-lov'd honor'd name a radiance cast,
Perhaps some Patriot of distinguish'd worth,
I'll match him if My Lord will please step forth.
Or Gentleman and Citizen combine,
And I shall shew his peer in Ballantine:
25
Tho' honest men were
parcell'd
out for sale,
He might be shown a sample for the hale.]
whole
The simple Bard, rough at the rustic plough,
Learning his tuneful trade from ev'ry bough;
The chanting linnet, or the mellow thrush,
30
Hailing the setting sun, sweet, in the green thorn bush,
The soaring lark, the perching red-breast shrill,
Or deep-ton'd plovers grey, wild-whistling o'er the hill;
Shall he, nurst in the Peasant's lowly shed,
To hardy Independence bravely bred,
35
By early Poverty to hardship steel'd,
And train'd to arms in stern Misfortune's field,
Shall he be guilty of their hireling crimes,
The servile, mercenary Swiss of rhymes?
Or labour hard the panegyric close,
40
With all the venal soul of dedicating Prose?
No! though his artless strains he rudely sings,
And throws his hand uncouthly o'er the strings,
He glows with all the spirit of the Bard,
Fame, honest fame, his great, his dear reward.
45
Still, if some Patron's gen'rous care he trace,
Skill'd in the secret to bestow with grace;
When Ballantine befriends his humble name,
And hands the rustic Stranger up to fame,
With heartfelt throes his grateful bosom swells,
50
The godlike bliss, to give, alone excels.
'Twas when the stacks get on their winter-hap,
wrapping
And thack and rape secure the toil-won crap;
thatch & rope, crop
Potatoe-bings are snuggèd up frae skaith
-heaps, from damage
O' coming Winter's biting, frosty breath;
55
The bees, rejoicing o'er their summer toils,
Unnumber'd buds' an' flowers' delicious spoils,
Seal'd up with frugal care in massive, waxen piles,
Are doom'd by Man, that tyrant o'er the weak,
The death o' devils, smoor'd wi' brimstone reek:
smothered, smoke
60
The thund'ring guns are heard on ev'ry side,
The wounded coveys, reeling, scatter wide;
The feather'd field-mates, bound by Nature's tie,
Sires, mothers, children, in one carnage lie:
(What warm, poetic heart but inly bleeds,
65
And execrates man's savage, ruthless deeds!)
Nae mair the flower in field or meadow springs;
no more
Nae mair the grove with airy concert rings,
no more
Except perhaps the Robin's whistling glee,
Proud o' the height o' some bit half-lang tree;
-long/half-sized tree
70
The hoary morns precede the sunny days;
Mild, calm, serene, widespreads the noontide blaze,
While thick the gossamour waves wanton in the rays.
'Twas in that season, when a simple Bard,
Unknown and poor, simplicity's reward,
75
Ae night, within the ancient brugh of
Ayr
,
one, borough
By whim inspir'd, or haply prest wi' care,
He left his bed, and took his wayward rout,
route
And down by
Simpson's
1
wheel'd the left about:
(Whether impell'd by all-directing Fate,
80
To witness what I after shall narrate;
Or whether, rapt in meditation high,
He wander'd forth, he knew not where nor why.)
The drowsy
Dungeon-Clock
2
had number'd two,
And
Wallace Tower
2
had sworn the fact was true:
85
The tide-swoln Firth, with sullen-sounding roar,
swollen
Through the still night dash'd hoarse along the shore:
All else was hush'd as Nature's closed e'e;
The silent moon shone high o'er tower and tree:
The chilly frost, beneath the silver beam,
90
Crept, gently-crusting, o'er the glittering stream.
When, lo! on either hand the list'ning Bard,
The clanging sugh of whistling wings is heard;
rustle
Two dusky forms dart thro' the midnight air,
Swift as the
Gos
3
drives on the wheeling hare;
95
Ane on th'
Auld Brig
his airy shape uprears,
one, old
The ither flutters o'er the
rising piers
:
other
Our warlock Rhymer instantly descry'd
wizard
The Sprites that owre the
Brigs of Ayr
preside.
over
(That Bards are second-sighted is nae joke,
no
100
And ken the lingo of the sp'ritual folk;
know, language
Fays, spunkies, kelpies, a', they can explain them,
fairies, will-o-wisps, water spirits
And ev'n the vera deils they brawly ken them).
very devils, well know
Auld Brig
appear'd of ancient Pictish race,
old
The vera wrinkles Gothic in his face:
very
105
He seem'd as he wi' Time had warstl'd lang,
wrestled long
Yet, teughly doure, he bade an unco bang.
stubborn, surprisingly robust
New Brig
was buskit in a braw new coat,
dressed, fine
That he, at
Lon'on
, frae ane
Adams
got;
from one
In's hand five taper staves as smooth's a bead,
in his
110
Wi' virls an' whirlygigums at the head.
rings, flourishes
The Goth was stalking round with anxious search,
Spying the time-worn flaws in ev'ry arch;
It chanc'd his new-come neebor took his e'e,
neighbour, eye
And e'en a vex'd and angry heart had he!
even
115
Wi' thieveless sneer to see his modish mien,
He, down the water, gies him this guid-een â
gives, good evening
AULD BRIG
I doubt na, frien', ye'll think ye're nae sheep-shank,
person of little importance
Ance ye were streekit owre frae bank to bank!
once, stretched over from
But gin ye be a Brig as auld as me,
once/if, old
120
Tho' faith, that date, I doubt, ye'll never see;
There'll be, if that day come, I'll wad a boddle,
bet a half-farthing
Some fewer whigmeleeries in your noddle.
whims, head
NEW BRIG
Auld Vandal! ye but show your little mense,
old, decorum
Just much about it wi' your scanty sense;
125
Will your poor, narrow foot-path of a street,
Where twa wheel-barrows tremble when they meet,
two
Your ruin'd, formless bulk o' stane an' lime,
stone
Compare wi' bonie
Brigs
o' modern time?
handsome
There's men of taste would tak the
Ducat stream
,
4
take
130
Tho' they should cast the vera sark and swim,
very shirt
E'er they would grate their feelings wi' the view
O' sic an ugly, Gothic hulk as you.
such
AULD BRIG
Conceited gowk! puff'd up wi' windy pride!
fool
This monie a year I've stood the flood an' tide;
many
135
And tho' wi' crazy eild I'm sair forfairn,
old age, sore, worn out
I'll be a
Brig
when ye're a shapeless cairn!
pile of stones
As yet ye little ken about the matter,
know
But twa-three winters will inform ye better.
two-
When heavy, dark, continued, a'-day rains
all-day
140
Wi' deepening deluges o'erflow the plains;
When from the hills where springs the brawling
Coil
,
Or stately
Lugar's
mossy fountains boil,
Or where the
Greenock
winds his moorland course,
Or haunted
Garpal
5
draws his feeble source,
145
Arous'd by blustering winds an' spotting thowes,
thaws
In monie a torrent down the snaw-broo rowes;
many, snow-brewrolls
While crashing ice, borne on the roaring speat,
spate/flood
Sweeps dams, an' mills, an' brigs, a' to the gate;
And from
Glenbuck
6
down to the
Ratton-Key
,
7
150
Auld
Ayr
is just one lengthen'd, tumbling sea;
old
Then down ye'll hurl, deil nor ye never rise!
devil
And dash the gumlie jaups up to the pouring skies.
muddy splashes
A lesson sadly teaching, to your cost,
That Architecture's noble art is lost!'
NEW BRIG
155
Fine
architecture
, trowth, I needs must say't o't!
in truth
The Lord be thankit that we've tint the gate o't!
lost, way/skill
Gaunt, ghastly, ghaist-alluring edifices,
ghost-
Hanging with threat'ning jut, like precipices;
O'er-arching, mouldy, gloom-inspiring coves,
160
Supporting roofs, fantastic, stony groves:
Windows and doors, in nameless sculptures drest,
With order, symmetry, or taste unblest;
Forms like some bedlam Statuary's dream,
The craz'd creations of misguided whim;
165
Forms might be worshipp'd on the bended knee,
And still the
second dread Command
8
be free:
Their likeness is not found on earth, in air, or sea!
Mansions that would disgrace the building taste
Of any mason reptile, bird or beast,
170
Fit only for a doited Monkish race,
stupid/muddled
Or frosty maids forsworn the dear embrace,
Or Cuifs of later times, wha held the notion,
fools, who
That sullen gloom was sterling true devotion:
Fancies that our guid Brugh denies protection,
good borough
175
And soon may they expire, unblest with resurrection!
AULD BRIG
O ye, my dear-remember'd, ancient yealings,
contemporaries
Were ye but here to share my wounded feelings!
Ye worthy
Proveses
, an' mony a
Bailie
,
Provosts, many
Wha in the paths o' righteousness did toil ay;
who
180
Ye dainty
Deacons
, an' ye douce
Conveeners
,
To whom our moderns are but causey-cleaners;
street-
Ye godly
Councils
, wha hae blest this town;
who have
Ye godly brethren o' the sacred gown
Wha meekly gie your
hurdies
to the
smiters
;
give, buttocks
185
And (what would now be strange),
ye godly Writers
;
A' ye douce folk I've borne aboon the broo,
prudent, above, water
Were ye but here, what would ye say or do!
How would your spirits groan in deep vexation
To see each melancholy alteration;
190
And, agonising, curse the time and place
When ye begat the base, degen'rate race!
Nae langer Rev'rend Men, their country's glory,
no longer
In plain, braid Scots hold forth a plain, braid story;
broad
Nae langer thrifty Citizens, an' douce,
no longer, prudent
195
Meet owre a pint, or in the Council-house:
over
But staumrel, corky-headed, graceless Gentry,
half-witted/silly
The herryment and ruin of the country;
destruction
Men, three-parts made by Tailors and by Barbers,
Wha waste your weel-hain'd gear on damn'dÂ
new
Brigs
and
Harbours
! Â
who, well-saved wealth