Read The Canongate Burns Online
Authors: Robert Burns
April 21, 1785
First printed in the Kilmarnock edition, 1786.
While new-ca'd kye rowte at the stake
new driven cattle, low
An' pownies reek in pleugh or braik,
ponies, snort, plough, harrow
This hour on e'enin's edge I take,
              To own I'm debtor
5
To honest-hearted, auld LAPRAIK,
old
              For his kind
letter
.
Forjesket sair, with weary legs,
jaded, sore
Rattlin the corn out-owre the rigs,
out-over, ridges
Or dealing thro' amang the naigs
dealing out food among ponies
10
              Their ten-hours' bite,
My awkart Muse sair pleads and begs,
awkward, sore
              I would na write.
not
The tapetless, ramfeezl'd hizzie,
feckless, worn-out girl
She's saft at best an' something lazy:
soft
15
Quo' she: âYe ken we've been sae busy
know, so
              This month an' mair,
more
That trowth, my head is grown right dizzie,
              An' something sair.'
sore/aching
Her dowf excuses pat me mad;
dull, put
20
âConscience,' says I, âye thowless jad!
lazy
I'll write, an' that a hearty blaud,
screed
              This vera night;
very
So dinna ye affront your trade,
do not
              But rhyme it right.
25
âShall bauld LAPRAIK, the
king o' hearts
,
Tho' mankind were a
pack o' cartes
,
cards
Roose you sae weel for your deserts,
praise, so well
              In terms sae friendly;
so
Yet ye'll neglect to shaw your parts
show
30
              An' thank him kindly?'
Sae I gat paper in a blink,
so, got
An' down gaed
stumpie
in the ink:
went
Quoth I, âBefore I sleep a wink,
              I vow I'll close it:
35
An' if ye winna mak it clink,
will not make
              By Jove I'll prose it!'
Sae I've begun to scrawl, but whether
so
In rhyme, or prose, or baith thegither,
both together
Or some hotch-potch that's rightly neither,
40
              Let time mak proof;
But I shall scribble down some blether
chit-chat
              Just clean aff-loof.
off the cuff
My worthy friend, ne'er grudge an' carp,
Tho' Fortune use you hard an' sharp;
45
Come, kittle up your
moorland harp
tickle
              Wi' gleesome touch!
Ne'er mind how Fortune
waft an' warp
;
              She's but a bitch.
She's gien me monie a jirt an' fleg,
given, many, jerk, scare
50
Sin' I could striddle owre a rig;
straddle over
But, by the Lord, tho' I should beg
              Wi' lyart pow,
grey head
I'll laugh an' sing, an' shake my leg,
dance
              As lang's I dow!
long as I can
55
Now comes the
sax an twentieth simmer
six, summer
I've seen the bud upo' the timmer,
woods/trees
Still persecuted by the limmer
jade
              Frae year to year;
from
But yet, despite the kittle kimmer,
fickle gossip
60
             Â
I, Rob, am here
.
Do ye envy the
city-gent
,
Behint a kist to lie an' sklent,
counter, cheat
Or purse-proud, big wi' cent per cent,
counting money
              An' muckle wame,
large belly
65
In some bit
Brugh
to represent
borough
              A
Bailie's
name?
town magistrate
Or is't the paughty feudal
Thane
,
haughty
Wi' ruffl'd sark an' glancing cane,
shirt, shining
Wha thinks himsel nae
sheep-shank bane
,
who, himself no, bone
70
              But lordly stalks;
While caps an' bonnets aff are taen,
off, taken
              As by he walks?
âO Thou wha gies us each guid gift!
who gives, good
Gie me o'
wit
an'
sense
a lift,
give
75
Then turn me, if
Thou
please,
adrift
              Thro' Scotland wide;
Wi' cits nor
lairds
I wadna shift,
citizens, would not
              In a' their pride!'
Were this the
charter
of our state,
80
âOn pain o'
hell
be rich an' great,'
Damnation then would be our fate,
              Beyond remead;
But, thanks to
Heav'n
, that's no the gate
              We learn our
creed
.
85
For thus the royal
Mandate
ran,
When first the human race began:
âThe social, friendly, honest man,
              Whate'er he be,
'Tis
he
fulfils
great Nature's plan
,
90
              And none but
he
.'
O
Mandate
glorious and divine!
The followers o' the ragged Nine â
the Muses
Poor, thoughtless devils! yet may shine
              In glorious light;
95
While sordid sons o' Mammon's line
              Are dark as night!
Tho' here they scrape, an' squeeze, an' growl,
Their worthless neivefu' of a
soul
fistful
May in some
future carcase
howl,
100
              The forest's fright;
Or in some day-detesting
owl
              May shun the light.Â
Then may LAPRAIK and BURNS arise,
To reach their native, kindred skies,
105
And
sing
their pleasures, hopes an' joys,
              In some mild sphere;
Still closer knit in friendship's ties,
              Each passing year!
As further proof of Wordsworth's passionate enthusiasm for Burns's poetry, Alan Cunningham recollects hearing him recite this epistle âwith commendations ⦠pointing out as he went the all but inimitable ease and happiness of thought and language. He remarked, however, that Burns was either fond of out-of-the-way sort of words, or that he made them occasionally in his fits of feeling and fancy'. Other than Cowper, Burns's English peers rarely complained about vernacular difficulty though âforjesket' and
âtapetless', not to mention âram-feezl'd' may have been a linguistic bridge too far. It is interesting that well into the nineteenth century the, by then, deeply reactionary Wordsworth should have so responded to so politically radical a poem. Not only (ll. 7â12) does Burns record the brutal cost of farm work to his creativity, but the bulk of the poem is a cry of defiant, satirical rage against the old land-owning classes and the newly emerging bourgeoisie. Those âCits' who are equally castigated by Oliver Goldsmith and Charles Churchill. Burns brilliantly inverts the prosperous's use of âeconomic Calvinism' to control the poor by showing what the real political would be in an inversion worthy of Blake:
Were this the
charter
of our state
âOn pain o' hell to be rich an' great',
Damnation
then would be our fate,
                Beyond remead;
But, thanks to
Heav'n
, that's no the gate
                We learn our creed.
Again, like Blake (ll. 85â90) he invoked the spirit of divinely natural democracy so that this poem becomes a splendid prelude to the later, more overtly political
A Man's a Man
and the American section of
Ode for General Washington's Birthday
. Thus Burns would enrol fully armed in Edinburgh's dissident Crochallan Fencibles.
The poem concludes with an extraordinary image of the poor but poetically creative inheriting Heaven, with Mammon's sordid sons suitably rewarded for their bestial conduct to their fellow human beings.
May 1785
First printed in the Kilmarnock edition, 1786.
I GAT your letter, winsome Willie;
got
Wi' gratefu' heart I thank you brawlie;
handsomely
Tho' I maun say't, I wad be silly
shall, would
           And unco vain,
mighty
5
Should I believe, my coaxin billie,
fellow
           Your flatterin strain.
But I'se believe ye kindly meant it,
I'll
I sud be laith to think ye hinted
should be loath
Ironic satire, sidelins sklented,
squinted sideways
10
           On my poor Musie;
Tho' in sic phraisin terms ye've penn'd it,
such wheedling
           I scarce excuse ye.
My senses wad be in a creel,
would
Should I but dare a
hope
to speel,
climb
15
Wi'
Allan
, or wi'
Gilbertfield
,
           The braes o' fame;
slopes
Or
Fergusson
, the writer-chiel,
fellow
           A deathless name.
(O
Fergusson
! thy glorious parts
20
Ill suited law's dry, musty arts!
My curse upon your whunstane hearts,
whinstone
           Ye Enbrugh Gentry!
The tythe o' what ye waste at
cartes
tenth, cards
           Wad stow'd his pantry!)
would have stored
25
Yet when a tale comes i' my head,
Or lasses gie my heart a screed â
give
As whyles they're like to be my dead,
whiles, death
(O sad disease!)
I kittle up my
rustic reed
;
tickle, pipe
30
           It gies me ease.
gives
Â
Auld COILA, now, may fidge fu' fain,
tingle with delight
She's gotten
Bardies
o' her ain,
own
Chiels wha their chanters winna hain,
fellows who, will not spare
           But tune their lays,
35
Till echoes a' resound again
           Her weel-sung praise.
well-sung
Nae
Poet
thought her worth his while,
no
To set her name in measur'd style;
She lay like some unkend-of isle
unknown
40
           Beside
New Holland
,
Or whare wild-meeting oceans boil
where
           Besouth
Magellan
.
to the south of
Ramsay
an' famous
Fergusson
Gied
Forth
an'
Tay
a lift aboon;
gave, above
45
Yarrow
an'
Tweed
, to monie a tune,
many
           Owre Scotland rings;
over
While
Irwin, Lugar, Aire
, an'
Doon
old spelling of Ayr
           Naebody sings.
nobody
Th'
Illissus, Tiber, Thames
, an'
Seine
,
50
Glide sweet in monie a tunefu' line:
many
But,
Willie
, set your fit to mine,
foot (in music timing)
           An' cock your crest!
We'll gar our streams and burnies shine
make, burns
           Up wi' the best.
55
We'll sing auld COILA'S plains an' fells,
Coila/Kyle, Ayrshire
Her moors red-brown wi' heather bells,
Her banks an' braes, her dens an' dells,
slopes, hill sides, glens
           Whare glorious WALLACE
where
Aft bure the gree, as story tells,
often took victory
60
           Frae Suthron billies.
from English people
At WALLACE' name, what Scottish blood
But boils up in a spring-tide flood?
Oft have our fearless fathers strode
           By WALLACE' side,
65
Still pressing onward, red-wat-shod,
shoes soaked in blood
           Or glorious dy'd!
O sweet are COILA's haughs an' woods,
hollows
When lintwhites chant amang the buds,
linnets, among
And jinkin hares, in amorous whids,
sporting, silent running
70
           Their loves enjoy,
While thro' the braes the cushat croods
slopes, pidgeon coos
           With wailfu' cry!
Ev'n winter bleak has charms to me,
When winds rave thro' the naked tree;
75
Or frosts on hills of
Ochiltree
           Are hoary gray;
Or blinding drifts wild-furious flee,
           Dark'ning the day!
O NATURE! a' thy shews an' forms
80
To feeling, pensive hearts hae charms!
have
Whether the summer kindly warms,
           Wi' life an' light;
Or winter howls, in gusty storms,
           The lang, dark night!
long
85
The
Muse
, nae
Poet
ever fand her,
no, found
Till by himsel he learn'd to wander,
Adown some trottin burn's meander,
running
           An' no think lang:
long
O, sweet to stray, an' pensive ponder
90
           A heart-felt sang!
song
The warly race may drudge an' drive,
worldly
Hog-shouther, jundie, stretch, an' strive;
shoulder push, jostle
Let me fair NATURE's face descrive,
describe
           And I, wi' pleasure,
95
Shall let the busy, grumbling hive
           Bum owre their treasure.
hum over
Fareweel, âmy rhyme-composing' brither!
farewell, brother
We've been owre lang unkenn'd to ither:
too long unknown, other
Now let us lay our heads thegither,
together
100
           In love fraternal:
May
Envy
wallop in a tether,
swing on a rope
           Black fiend, infernal!
While Highlandmen hate tolls an' taxes;
While moorlan' herds like guid, fat braxies;
good, sheep carcases
105
While Terra Firma, on her axis,
           Diurnal turns;
Count on a friend, in faith an' practice,
           In ROBERT BURNS.
POSTSCRIPT
My memory's no worth a preen:
pin
I had amaist forgotten clean,
almost
Ye bade me write you what they mean
bid
           By this
new-light
,
1
5
'Bout which our herds sae aft hae been
flocks so often
           Maist like to fight.
most
Â
In days when mankind were but callans;
striplings
At
Grammar, Logic
, an' sic talents,
such
They took nae pains their speech to balance,
no
10
           Or rules to gie;
give
But spak their thoughts in plain, braid Lallans,
spoke, broad vernacular
           Like you or me.
In thae auld times, they thought the
Moon
,
those old
Just like a sark, or pair o' shoon,
shirt, shoes
15
Wore by degrees, till her last roon
round
           Gaed past their viewin;
went
An' shortly after she was done,
           They gat a new ane.
got, one
This past for certain, undisputed;
20
It ne'er cam i' their heads to doubt it,
Till chiels gat up an' wad confute it,
chaps got, would
           An' ca'd it wrang;
called, wrong
An' muckle din there was about it,
much
           Baith loud an' lang.
both, long
25 Some
herds
, weel learn'd upo' the beuk,
well, Book (Bible)
Wad threap auld folk the thing misteuk;
would, maintain old, mistook
For âtwas the
auld moon
turn'd a newk
old, corner
           An' out o' sight.
An' backlins-comin to the leuk,
backwards, look
30
           She grew mair bright.
more
This was deny'd, it was affirm'd;
The
herds
and
hissels
were alarm'd;
shepherds, flocks
The rev'rend gray-beards rav'd an' storm'd,
           That beardless laddies
young men
35
Should think they better were inform'd
           Than their auld daddies.
old fathers
Frae less to mair, it gaed to sticks;
from, more, went
Frae words an' aiths, to clours an' nicks;
from, oaths, bumps, cuts
An' monie a fallow gat his licks,
many, fellow got, punishment
40
           Wi' hearty crunt;
blow
An' some, to learn them for their tricks,
           Were hang'd an' brunt.
burned
This game was play'd in monie lands,
many
An'
auld-light caddies
bure sic hands,
lackeys bore such
45
That faith, the
youngsters
took the sands
fled
           Wi' nimble shanks,
legs
Till
Lairds
forbade, by strict commands,
           Sic bluidy pranks.
such bloody
But
new-light herds
gat sic a cowe,
got such a terror
50
Folk thought them ruin'd stick-an-stowe;
completely
Till now, amaist on ev'ry
knowe
almost, hill or hillock
           Ye'll find ane placed;
one
An' some, their
New-Light
fair avow,
           Just quite barefac'd.
55
Nae doubt the
auld-light flocks
are bleatan;
Their zealous herds are vex'd and sweatan;
Mysel, I've even seen them greetan
crying
           Wi' girnan spite,
snarling
To hear the
Moon
sae sadly lie'd on
so
60
           By word an' write.
But shortly they will cowe the louns!
terrify, rascals
Some
auld-light herds
in neebor touns
neighbour towns
Are mind't, in things they ca'
balloons
,
call
           To tak a flight,
take
65
An' stay ae month amang the
Moons
one, among
           An' see them right.
Guid observation they will gie them;
good, give
An' when the
auld Moon's
gaun to lea'e them,
old, going, leave
The hindmost
shaird
, they'll fetch it wi' them,
fragment
70
           Just i' their pouch;
An' when the
new-light
billies see them,
people
           I think they'll crouch!
Sae, ye observe that a' this clatter
so, talk
Is naething but a âmoonshine matter';
nothing
75
But tho' dull
prose-folk
Latin splatter
speak
           In logic tulzie,
quarrel
I hope we,
Bardies
, ken some better
know
           Than mind sic brulzie.
such a brawl
Â
William Simpson (1758â1815) was a Glasgow University graduate who taught at Ochiltree and later at Cumnock. His relationship with Burns was initiated by sending him a now lost verse epistle praising
Burns's anti-clerical satire,
The Holy Tulzie
. Burns was, of course, always looking for allies in his guerrilla warfare with the forces of Auld-Licht Calvinism. The attack, almost surreal, on crazed theology provides the poem's postscript. The bulk of the poem is, however, like its longer contemporary,
The Vision
, taken up with Burns's self-placing in the lineage of great Scottish poets and Ayrshire's topography and heroic dead. L. 9, âIronic satire, sidelins sklented' is of particular note because it is of the quintessence of Burns's own poetic strategy as a satirist since he was socially disempowered from full frontal assault on his enemies.