The 10 Things You Should Know About the Creation vs. Evolution Debate (24 page)

2 The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition (Houghton Mifflin
Company, 2000), online edition.

3. Ernst Mayr, What Evolution Is (New York: Basic Books, 2001), p. 96; Dylan Evans and Howard
Selina, Introducing Evolution (Cambridge: Totem Books, 2001), p. 55.

4. Lane P. Lester, "Genetics: Enemy of Evolution," Creation Research Society Quarterly, Vol. 31 No.
4, 1995, online edition.

5. Lester, "Genetics: Enemy of Evolution."

6. Richard Milton, Shattering the Myths of Darwinism (Rochester, VT: Park Street Press, 1997), p.
156.

7. Michael J. Belie, Darwin's Black Box: The Biochemical Challenge to Evolution (New York: The Free
Press, 1996), p. 41.

8. Mayr, 288. See also Del Ratzsch, The Battle ofBeginnings Why Neither Side Is Winning the CreationEvolution Debate (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 1996), p. 27; Phillip E. Johnson, Darwin on Trial (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 1993), p. 17. Some have noted that survival itself
is measured by the number of offspring left behind. See Milton, p. 123.

9. Rod Caird, Ape-Man: The Story ofHuman Evolution (New York: MacMillan, 1994), p. 112.

10. Michael Benton, "Introduction: Life and Time," in Stephen Jay Gould, ed., The Book ofL/fe (New
York: W.W. Norton & Company, 2001), p. 29.

11. Mayr, 98. See also The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, online edition: Phillip
E. Johnson, Defeating Darwinism by Opening Minds (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 1997),
p. 58.

12. Jonathan Wells, "Issues in the Creation-Evolution Controversies," The WorldandI, Vol. 11, January
1, 1996, p. 294, Electric Library. See also William A. Dembski and James M. Kushiner, eds., Signs
of Intelligence (Grand Rapids, MI: Brazos Press, 2001), p. 91; Jimmy H. Davis and Harry L. Poe,
Designer Universe: Intelligent Design and the Existence ofGod (Nashville, TN: Broadman & Holman
Publishers, 2002), pp. 70-71.

13. Millard Erickson, Christian Theology (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Book House, 1985), p. 479.

14. See Ratzsch, p. 38.

15. Steve Jones, Darwin's Ghost: The Origin ofSpecies Updated (New York: Random House, 2000),
p. 72. See also Evans and Selina, p. 47. Note, however, that not all agree that this is an example
of natural selection at work. Milton writes: "Far from being an example of evolution or even of
natural selection, the peppered moth is an example of a shift in population. The same thing would
happen in human terms if some disease were to kill off the white race but left the black race
unharmed. Similar shifts in balance continually occur among animal and plant populations, where
one variety flourishes at the expense of another" (Milton, p. 131).

16. See Ralph O. Muncaster, Dismantling Evolution (Harvest House Publishers, 2003), p. 68. See also
Johnson, Darwin on Trial, p. 26; Charles Kingsley Levy, Evolutionary Wars: A Three-BillionYear
Arms Race (New York: W.H. Freeman and Company, 1999), p. 202.

17. See Jay Richards, "Darwinism and Design," The Washington Post, August 21, 1999, online edition.

18. Carl Wieland, "Goodbye, Peppered Moths," Creation ExNihilo, Vol. 21 No. 3, June-August 1999,
p. 56.

19 John Morris, "Do Peppered Moths Prove Evolution?" Back to Genesis, No. 64b, April 1994, online
edition.

20. See Johnson, Darwin on Trial, p. 25.

21. See Carl Wieland, "Darwin's Finches," Creation Ex Nihilo, Vol. 14 No. 3, June-August 1992, pp.
22-23.

22. Milton notes that "no one has ever bred a new species artificially-and both plant and animal
breeders have been trying for hundreds of years, as have scientists" (Milton, p. 134).

23. Milton, pp. 141-42.

24. Lester, "Genetics: Enemy of Evolution."

25. Gary Parker, "Creation, Mutation, and Variation," Impact, No. 89, November 1980, Institute for
Creation Research, online edition.

26. Gleason L. Archer, Encyclopedia ofBible Difficulties (Grand Rapids, MI: Zonderan, 1982), p. 56.
See also Jerry Bergman, "Some Biological Problems with the Natural Selection Theory," Creation
Research Society Quarterly, Vol. 29 No. 3, December 1992, online edition.

27. Charles Darwin, On the Origin ofSpecies (New York: The Modern Library, 1856 reprint), p. 172;
h ttp://www.li teraturepage.com/read/darwin-origin-of-species.html.

28. See Phillip E. Johnson, Reason in the Balance: The Case Against Naturalism in Science, Lau) and
Education (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsiry Press, 1995), p. 81.

29. Richard Dawkins, The Blind Watchmaker: Why the Evidence of Evolution Reveals a Universe Without
Design (New York: W.W. Norton, 1987), p. 5.

30. Mayr, p. 121.

31. H. J. Muller, "Radiation Damage to the Genetic Material," American Scientist, vol. 38 (Jan. 1950),
p. 35.

32. Evolutionists themselves admit this. See Evans and Selina, p. 61.

33. Laurel Hicks, et. al., eds., Science: Order and Reality (Pensacola, FL: A Beka Book, 1993), p. 392.

34. Hugh Ross, The Creator and the Cosmos (Colorado Springs, CO: NavPress, 2001), p. 141.

35. See Jones, p. 111.

36. Milton, p. 155; see also Muncaster, p. 152.

37. See Johnson, Darwin on Trial, p. 32.

38. William A. Dembski, Intelligent Design: The Bridge Between Science & Theology (Downers Grove,
IL: InterVarsiry Press, 1999), p. 113.

1. Richard Milton, Shattering the Myths of Darwinism (Rochester, VT: Park Street Press, 1997), p.
189.

2 Ernst Mayr argues that embryonic similarities, recapitulation, and vestigial structures raise "insurmountable problems" for creationists, but are fully compatible with evolution. As we will see,
creationists argue precisely the opposite. See What Evolution Is (New York: Basic Books, 2001),
p.31.

3. Charles Darwin indicated his belief in this comparative anatomy argument, noting the similarity of various organs in different species. Interestingly, though, many of the naturalists of Darwin's
day disagreed. "They recognized that according to the best principles of comparative anatomy,
humans were close to apes and monkeys in almost all anatomical details, but the human mind
was so utterly superior that the anatomists refused to group its with our animal cousins." Randal
Keynes, Annie's Box: Charles Darwin, His Daughter, and Human Evolution (New York: Riverhead
Books, 2001), p. 37.

4. See George F. Howe, "Homology and Origins," Creation Matters, Vol. 4 No. 5, September-October
1999, pp. 1, 3-5.

5. "Appendix," Encyclopedia Britannica, online edition.

6. "Appendix," The Columbia Encyclopedia, sixth ed., copyright 2002 Columbia University Press,
online edition.

7. "Appendix," Encarta Encyclopedia, online edition.

8. Mayr, p. 31.

9. See Michael J. Belie, Darwin's Black Box: The Biochemical Challenge to Evolution (New York: The
Free Press, 1996), p. 226.

10. See Ken Hans and Carl Wieland, "Your Appendix: It's There for a Reason," Creation Ex Nihilo,
Vol. 20 No. 1, December 1997-February 1998, pp. 41-43. See also Creation Matters, Vol. 15 No.
4, July-August 2000, p. 7.

11. Henry M. Morris, Scientific Creationism (Green Forest, AR: Master Books, 2001), p. 76.

12. Norman L. Geisler, Baker Encyclopedia of Christian Apologetics, in The Norman Geisler CD-ROM
Library (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Book House, 2002). See also Don Batten, ed., The Revised
and Expanded Answers Book (Green Forest, AR: Master Books, 1990), p. 122.

13. This information is derived from Milton, p. 188; Ham and Wieland, p. 2; "Quiz," Creation Matters,
Vol. 5 No. 2, March-April 2000, 7; "Functional Appendix," Creation Matters, Vol. 6 No. 5,
September-October 2001, p. 8.

14. Humans are not the only living beings with vestigial organs, according to evolutionists. Some
have argued, for example, that the tiny muscles in horses' legs, attached to very long tendons, are
vestigial. However, these muscles serve as a damper to reduce damage to bones when galloping,
so they are not vestigial after all. See "Horses' `Vestigial Muscles' Are Really Dampers," Creation
Matters, Vol. 6 No. 6, November-December 2001, p. 7.

15. Dr. S.R. Scadding, department of zoology at the University of Guelph, Ontario; cited in Milton,
p. 187.

16. Geisler, Baker Encyclopedia of Christian Apologetics.

17. The Creation Hypothesis: Scientific Evidence for an Intelligent Designer (Downers Grove, IL:
InterVarsiry Press, 1994), pp. 222-23. See also "The Appendix as Evidence for Evolution," Creation
Matters, Vol. 2 No. 4, Judy-August 1997.

18. See Henry Morris, "The Heritage of the Recapitulation Theory," Impact, No. 183, September
1988, p. 1. See also "Haeckel, Ernst Heinrich (1834-1919)," The Hutchinson Dictionary ofScient fc
Biography, January 1, 1998, Electric Library.

19. Russell Grigg, "Fraud Rediscovered," Creation Ex Nihilo, Vol. 20 No. 2, March-May 1998, pp.
49-51, reproduced at Answers In Genesis website, www.answersingenesis.org.

20. "Does the Human Fetus Temporarily Develop Gills, a Tail, and a Yolk Sac?" Christian Answers
website, www.clvistiananswers.net. (This is a reliable, well-respected website for strong apologetic
answers to difficult issues. Some of my own material appears at this website.)

21. Dr. Spock, Dr. Spock's Baby and Child Care, p. 223; cited in Walter J. Bock, "Evolution by Orderly
Law," Science, Vol. 164, May 9, 1969, pp. 684-85. "Does the Human Fetus Temporarily Develop
Gills, a Tail, and a Yolk Sac?" Christian Answers website.

22. Mayr, p. 27.

23. Carl Sagan, "Is It Possible to Be Pro-Life and Pro-Choice?" Parade Magazine, April 22, 1990, p.
6.

24. See Wayne Friar, "Embryology and Evolution," Creation Research Society Quarterly, Vol. 36 No.
2, September 1999, pp. 1-2.

25. Friar, p. 1.

26. Grigg, "Fraud Rediscovered." See also Stephen Jay Gould, I Have Landed.: The End ofa Beginning
in Natural History (New York: Harmony Books, 2002), p. 310.

27. Ralph O. Muncaster, Dismantling Evolution (Eugene, OR: Harvest House Publishers, 2003), p.
74.

28. Steve Jones, Darwin's Ghost: The Origin of Species Updated (New York: Random House, 2000),
p. 298.

29. Michael Richardson, Anatomy and Embryology, Vol. 196 No. 2, 1997, pp. 91-106.

30. Grigg, "Fraud Rediscovered." See also Elizabeth Pennisi, "Haeckel's Embryos: Fraud
Rediscovered," Science, September 5, 1997, Electric Library.

31. Michael Richardson, interviewed by Nigel Hawkes, The Times, August 11, 1997, p. 14; cited in
Grigg, "Fraud Rediscovered."

32. Don Batten, ed., The Revised and ExpandedAnswersBook (Green Forest, AR: Master Books, 1990),
p. 118; see also Friar, p. 3.

33. Gould, I Have Landed, p. 311; See also Jonathan Wells, "Survival of the Fakest Science," The
American Spectator, December 1, 2000, Electric Library. Others agree with Gould. See G.G. Simpson
and W. Beck, An Introduction to Biology (New York: Harcourt Brace and World, 1965), p. 241.

34. See Michael Richardson; cited in Gould, I Have Landed, p. 312.

35. See Milton, p. 189.

36. See Milton, p. 189.

1. William A. Dembski, Intelligent Design: The Bridge Between Science &' Theology (Downers Grove,
IL: InterVarsiry Press, 1999), p. 126.

2. Michael J. Behe, William A. Dembski, and Stephen C. Meyer, Science and Evidence for Design in
the Universe (San Francisco, CA: Ignatius Press, 2002), p. 53.

3. William A. Dembski and James M. Kushiner, eds., Signs oflntelligence (Grand Rapids, MI: Brazos
Press, 2001), p. 48.

4. Dembski, Intelligent Design, p. 99.

5. Holly J. Morris, "Life's Grand Design," U.S. News &'WorldReport, November 29, 2002, p. 52.

6. See, for example, Phillip E. Johnson, Defeating Darwinism by Opening Minds (Downers Grove,
IL: InterVarsity Press, 1997), p. 23.

7. Dembski, Intelligent Design, p. 127.

8. William Paley, Natural Theology: Or Evidences of the ExistenceandAttributesoftheDeity,Collected
from the Appearances ofNature, Second Edition, vol. 1 (Oxford: J. Vincent, 1828), p. 65, inserts
added.

9. Del Ratzsch, The Battle of Beginnings: Why Neither Side Is Winning the Creation-Evolution Debate
(Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 1996), p. 32.

10. Charles Darwin, The Autobiography ofCharles Darwin, ed. Nora Darwin Barlow (New York: W.W.
Norton, 1993), p. 162.

1 I . Charles Darwin, On the Origin ofSpecies (New York: The Modern Library, 1856 reprint), p. 162;
h t t p: / / www.l i to ra t u re p age. co m /read / da rwi n-origin-o f-s pe ci e s. h t m 1.

12. Behe, Dembski, and Meyer, p. 119.

13. Helen Fryman, "The Intelligent Design Movement," Creation Matters, Vol. 5 No. 2, March-April
2000, p. 4.

14. Michael Behe, A Mousetrap Defended: Response to Critics," Discovery Institute, July 31, 2003;
Michael Belie, "Blind Evolution or Intelligent Design: Address to the American Museum of Natural
History," April 23, 2002, Discovery Institute website, www.discovery.org.

15. Behe, Dembski, and Meyer, p. 119.

16. Signs oflntelligence, p. 94.

17. See, for example, Joseph Paturi, "The Human Body-God's Masterpiece," Creation Ex Nihilo,
Vol. 20 No. 4, September-November 1998, pp. 54-55.

18. See George Sim Johnston, "Designed for Living," Wall Street Journal, October 15, 1999, Discovery
Institute website, www.discovery.org. See also Tom Wagner, "Darwin vs. the Eye," Creation Ex
Nihilo, Vol. 16 No. 4, September-November 1994, pp. 10-13.

19. See Belie, Dembski, and Meyer, p. 116.

20. Jimmy H. Davis and Harry L. Poe, Designer Universe: Intelligent Design and the Existence of God
(Nashville, TN: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 2002), p. 71. See also Ratzsch, p. 46.

21. See Michael Belie, "Molecular Machines: Experimental Support for the Design Inference," Cosmic
Pursuit, March 1, 1998, Discovery Institute website, www.discovery.org.

22. Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (MICRA, Inc. 1998), online edition.