Taste of War: World War II and the Battle for Food (103 page)

gardening in 306

Greater East Asian Co-Prosperity Sphere 54, 230, 266, 270

government attitude to its citizens 270

implications of occupation of south-east Asia 67, 81, 99, 124, 133, 143, 146

increase in demand for food 51–2, 230, 287

industrial policy 242, 309

industrial workers in 13, 231, 233, 306–8

militaristic nature of government 55–6, 311–12, 313–14

plans for battle of Kyushu 315–16

plunder of occupied territories 7, 69–70, 124, 230, 234–5, 240, 241–2, 244, 246–7, 263, 284

post-war destruction 468, 474

rationing in 229, 233, 246, 279–81, 287, 289, 306, 308, 310, 498

rural crisis 16, 49, 52–4, 55, 64, 70

Rural Revitalization campaign 56, 57, 58, 72, 231, 280

Soviet threat 32, 60, 62, 64, 316

surrender 64, 308–16, 458, 464, 478

United States food relief 496–7

war with China 58, 62, 248, 249–52, 253, 256–7, 258, 260, 261, 273, 278, 284, 469, 490

see also
aerial bombardment; black market; blockade; calorie consumption; blockade; forced labour

Japanese armed forces 35, 234, 274, 406, 407

and rural crisis 56

bushido
(fighting spirit) 10, 272, 274, 275, 300, 462

casualties 10, 293, 302, 303

campaign in Burma 141, 146, 149, 151, 152, 300–303

campaign in Malaya 282–3

campaign in Pacific 291–300, 406, 407, 452, 458

focus on decisive battle 242, 273, 286

food rations 10, 234, 272, 275–7, 281–2, 282–4, 294, 296–7, 301, 434, 437, 441, 461

food policy 230, 282–3, 294, 301

hunger among 283, 291, 294, 295, 296–7, 411, 458

length of service tail 271

in comparison with US armed forces 432, 452, 454, 457, 458, 461, 462

new attitude to nutrition 10, 269, 275–7, 441, 495

principle of self-sufficiency 271, 284–6, 290–91, 295–6, 303, 454

starvation in 292–3, 298–9, 300, 301–2, 303, 304, 407, 462

supply lines 217, 286, 290, 291–2, 293–4, 301, 30–33, 462, 464

see also
Kwantung army

Java 214, 244, 299, 469

Jews 11, 41–2, 45, 47, 154, 161, 183, 184, 190, 191, 193, 204, 205, 206, 208, 209, 211, 212, 217, 236, 359–60, 372, 373, 375, 428

Polish 5, 7, 26, 33, 43, 47, 184, 204, 205, 206–9, 211–13, 218, 263, 264

Soviet 7, 39, 189–90, 199, 205, 263

see also
concentration camps; Holocaust

Kenya 8, 67, 81, 120, 130, 132–5, 137, 138

Keitel, Field Marshal 38, 377

Kharkov 5, 190, 196, 198–9, 213, 14, 323

Kiev 5, 180, 188, 190, 196–7, 199, 213, 366, 471

Kiyosawa, Kiyoshi 230, 233, 234, 284, 289, 304, 306, 307, 308, 311

Klukowski, Zygmunt 43, 44, 45, 206, 208, 212

Koch, Erich 187, 212

Kohima, battle of 300, 301–2

Kokoda Trail 293, 301, 406

Konoe, Fumimaro 56, 312, 313

Korea 49, 59, 60, 288, 309, 469

exports of food to Japan 52, 228, 230, 234, 246, 278, 310

Korean war 443, 498

Kraut, Heinrich 181–2, 359, 368

Kravchenko, Victor, 9, 222, 268, 317, 326, 333, 334, 345, 346

Kwantung army 49, 54, 56, 58, 277, 284

Labour Party 473

Latin America 68, 87, 469, 480, 489

League of Nations 36, 50, 126, 249, 483, 494

food surveys 72, 350–52, 401

Japanese withdrawal from 54, 58

Lebensraum
30, 32, 59, 266

lend-lease 76, 91, 96, 104, 108, 112, 114, 121, 133, 331, 334, 339–41, 344, 396, 419, 445, 372, 488

Leningrad 39, 199, 321, 329

siege of 1, 5, 6, 194–6, 197, 263–4, 265, 317, 323, 335, 338, 344

lentils 18, 125, 379, 380, 381, 412, 413

Levi, Primo 6, 372

Libya 31, 42, 105, 126, 167

Linlithgow, Viscount 142, 145

livestock 3, 4, 9, 19, 22, 26, 54, 60, 67, 70, 90, 91, 93, 98, 100, 106, 109, 136, 169, 175, 185, 186, 188, 190, 214, 221, 223, 229, 319, 374, 389, 432, 470, 479, 480, 487, 491

selective breeding 81, 82, 92, 132, 158

Lloyd George, David 26

London 85, 133, 275, 349, 365, 372, 386, 387, 397, 487

luxury food 9, 20, 68, 106, 171, 232, 334, 376, 418, 491, 499

Lyttelton, Oliver 127, 128, 129, 153, 167

McCance, R. A., 350, 386, 388–9

maize 4, 19, 68, 81, 99, 124, 125, 128, 130, 132–7, 470

Malaya 6, 7, 141, 230, 225, 240, 243, 244

food situation in 228, 245

Grow More Food Campaign 237–9, 284

Japanese invasion 271, 282–3

massacre of Chinese in (
sook ching
) 235–6

prisoners of war in 245–6

rationing in 238

malnutrition 1, 7, 11, 12, 20, 25, 59, 72, 125, 135, 142, 171, 172, 179, 181, 239, 244, 264, 290, 292, 295, 298, 303, 311, 318, 346, 350, 352, 358, 372, 384, 395, 396, 397, 406, 411–13, 460, 464, 468, 469, 471, 484, 496

Manchukuo 54, 59

see also
Manchuria

Manchuria 7, 50, 54, 55, 56, 58, 85, 228, 230, 249, 288, 316

exports food to Japan 246–7, 287, 310

Japanese Plan for the Settlement of One Million Households 7, 17, 31, 42, 49, 59–62, 233

Mao Zedong 249, 259, 490, 499

margarine 67, 85, 87, 99, 140, 156–7, 177, 202, 347, 351, 355, 356, 361, 366, 373, 380, 388, 389, 392, 403, 404, 405, 421, 423, 433, 468

Mariana Islands 298, 439, 453

Marshall, General George C. 110, 111, 314, 435, 438, 449, 487

Marshall Islands 298, 453

Marshall Plan 87, 487–8

Mauritius 67, 121, 124–5, 497, 529n

meat 8, 12, 20, 22, 51, 83, 85, 87, 90, 99, 106, 133, 136, 144, 169, 174, 175, 176, 178, 189, 196, 206–7, 221, 269, 294, 333, 334, 338, 342, 343, 347, 348, 365, 372, 393, 421, 423, 376, 490–93

black market in 374–5, 432

condensed 99, 100

consumption in the United States 109, 112, 116, 431–2

conversion of grains into 3, 70

exports to Britain from United States 77, 96, 98, 107–16, 125, 145, 449

exports from occupied countries to Germany 165, 171, 175, 186, 211, 214, 217, 218

exports to Soviet Union from United States 339–41

frozen 19, 96, 98, 106, 107, 111, 112, 113, 114, 387, 444, 449

increase in working-class consumption 394–5, 418, 419

military consumption 173, 180, 186, 188, 202, 203, 216, 275–7, 282, 284, 285, 286, 290, 301, 321, 367–8, 400, 404–5, 410, 412–13, 414, 435, 446, 450

pre-war consumption 351, 357

production 9, 19, 29, 35, 98, 99, 112, 219, 341, 478

rationing 98, 107, 108, 111, 114, 115, 116, 157, 173, 175, 182, 193, 203, 210, 217, 276, 328, 330–31, 359, 361, 376, 380, 431–2, 447, 449, 478, 480

rise in demand for 51, 66, 483, 487, 499–500

shortages 25, 93, 106–7, 157–8, 164, 170, 173, 180, 182, 203, 210, 224, 225, 279, 287, 325, 331, 337, 341, 356, 367, 379, 380–81, 382, 383, 384, 435–6, 447, 448, 449, 472, 478, 382