Taste of War: World War II and the Battle for Food (100 page)

as a great power 20, 31

British Restaurants 364–5, 495

food crisis 104, 106

food policy 10, 11, 96, 107, 123, 124, 156, 358, 361–3, 369, 376, 384–5, 387, 390–91, 419–20, 464, 481–4

food shortages 13, 67, 103, 106–7, 111, 272

industrial workers in 8, 363–4, 367, 391, 422

motivation for fighting 270, 345, 463

post-war 471–4, 480, 483, 488, 491, 494, 495

pre-war food economy 19–21, 27, 67, 71–2, 90, 262, 269, 396, 432, 434, 449, 480, 488

pre-war malnutrition 349–53, 397

rationing in 11, 67, 89, 98, 108, 111, 114–16, 123, 139–40, 269, 279, 348, 361–2, 385, 386, 389, 391, 392, 472, 474, 480, 485

reliance on imports 96–101, 105, 108, 117, 145

victory gardens 337, 390–91

wartime improvement in diet 382, 385–99, 414, 417, 418

see also
aerial bombardment; black market; blockade; calorie consumption

British armed forces 10, 120, 131, 271, 396, 400

food rationing 129, 319, 334, 399–401, 402, 403–05, 412, 414, 449

British colonies 8, 12, 19, 20, 24, 101, 121, 122, 124, 126, 133, 141, 156, 263, 403, 411, 488

British Empire 16, 20, 22, 31, 50, 67, 68, 92, 97, 120–54, 156, 262, 403, 469, 488, 496

British Food Mission 102, 103, 113

Burma 133, 141, 143, 146, 147, 149, 150, 152, 230, 235, 236, 237, 239, 252, 257, 274, 282, 283, 285, 300–303, 315, 412, 413

Burma Road 252, 300, 509

Burma–Siam railway 236, 285

calorie consumption

in Britain 348, 366

in Germany 26, 182, 203, 348, 359, 467–8

in Italy 173

in Japan 280, 281, 306, 311, 312

in Poland 5, 206

in modern diet 87, 499

in occupied Europe 166, 169, 171

in occupied Soviet Union 192, 193

in post-war Europe 477, 481

in Soviet Union 329, 343

in United States 478, 500

calorie/energy requirements 5, 8, 9, 13, 66, 166, 181, 203, 263–4, 268, 312, 319, 335, 343, 363, 368, 369, 370, 396

Canada 21, 120, 247, 390

agricultural restructuring 8, 98

fertilizer industry 81, 91–2

post-war relief 480

rationing in 394, 480

wartime improvement in diet 394

canned foods 77, 83, 84, 85, 96, 99, 100, 111, 112, 113, 114, 128, 178, 282, 284, 290, 334, 340, 341, 387, 404, 407, 408, 419, 433, 437, 440, 441, 444, 445, 447, 449–51, 455, 457, 460, 472, 473, 475, 480, 492, 493, 496

cannibalism 195, 256, 297–8, 299–300, 304

Caribbean 20, 68

cash crops 8, 52, 61, 135, 138, 141, 154, 166, 488, 489

cassava/manioc 3, 4, 124, 125, 135

casualties 271, 303, 462

civilian 11, 317

military 1, 10, 270, 311, 314, 315, 316, 317, 344

total wartime 1

Ceylon 67, 120, 129, 497

Cherwell, Lord 113, 145

Chiang Kaishek 50, 248, 249, 250, 252, 254

China 2, 80, 20, 21, 72, 74, 77, 230, 231, 248–61, 262, 437, 489, 490, 500

and extraterritoriality 49–50

and contemporary food consumption 2–3, 499

and United States 2, 49, 257, 261

communists in 249, 258–61

food shortage in 11, 253, 255, 469, 476

Japanese settlers in 7, 31–2, 60–62

Nationalist China 49, 50–54, 63, 66, 69, 249, 250, 251, 300

rationing in 253

supplying food for Japan 7, 246, 481

war with Japan 58, 62, 63, 64, 234, 236, 248, 273, 278, 279

see also
aerial bombardment; blockade

Chinese Nationalist army 254, 256, 257

Churchill, Winston S. 68, 105, 113, 145, 395, 398

and Battle of the Atlantic 102, 107, 108, 125, 127, 136

and Bengal famine 105, 145, 150, 151, 152, 153

and British food rationing 361, 364

and blockade of occupied Europe 35, 167, 168, 177, 468

civilian internees 7, 134, 314

Clay, General Lucius D. 486

climate change 4, 501

Coca-Cola 424, 438–9, 455, 460, 474, 488, 496

cocoa 19, 67, 69, 284, 363, 377, 393, 400, 410, 422, 477

farming 68, 138, 140, 141

cod liver oil 108, 396

coffee 25, 68, 69, 79, 128, 133, 174, 201, 209, 283, 284, 351, 353, 357, 359, 373, 375, 383, 404, 415, 419, 422, 430, 432, 435, 436, 438, 440, 441, 446, 451, 452, 457, 493

Combined Food Board 69, 92, 103, 125, 482

Combined Shipping Adjustments Board 68, 118

Committee on Food Habits 120, 128

Commonwealth, the 20, 24, 68, 92, 97, 101

see also
Britain;
individual dominions

Commonwealth armed forces 10, 271, 274, 385, 406, 414, 436, 462

communism 10, 270, 325, 345, 486, 487, 489, 490, 499

concentration camps 44, 161, 206, 207, 369, 371, 372

food/rations in 5, 11, 264, 372–3

see also
extermination camps

condensed (high-energy) foods 8, 20, 90, 101, 112, 340, 405, 418, 496

conscription/the draft 61, 72, 78, 79, 96, 134, 135, 181, 231, 236, 239, 255, 256, 278, 320, 369, 417, 435, 436

Conti, Leonardo 181, 182, 203

County War Agricultural Executive Committees 95–6

Crete 127, 443

Cyprus 67, 126, 129, 404

Czechoslovakia 7, 42, 208, 469, 480

Darré, Richard Walther 28, 29, 30, 32–4, 47, 155, 173, 370, 377

D-Day (6 June 1944) 118

death rate 7, 166, 177, 192, 240, 349, 350, 469, 495

dehydrated foods 84, 94, 97–8, 340, 401, 407, 408, 409, 411, 437, 441, 442, 444, 450, 451, 452, 461, 492–3

Denmark 34, 46, 98, 165, 175, 178, 263, 353

Deutsche Arbeitsfront (DAF)
see
German Labour Front

developing world 2, 3, 4, 459, 499, 500

see also
underdeveloped countries

Digging for Victory
see
vegetable growing

Dönitz, Admiral Karl 103, 104, 110, 117

drought 4, 71, 87, 114, 124, 125, 132, 134, 135, 227, 234, 244, 246, 255, 258, 471, 476

Drummond, Jack, 347, 387, 389, 472

Dutch East Indies 63, 235, 244, 309, 314

see also
Indonesia

East Africa 105, 126, 132–8, 413

eastern front 39, 92, 112, 159, 170, 184, 185, 224, 270, 303, 323, 324, 334, 369, 382

conditions on 183, 199–203, 321–2

war of annihilation 39, 185, 324, 346, 464

Ehlich, Hans 42, 43, 47

eggs 20, 112, 163, 185, 221, 288, 330, 333, 339, 341, 378, 421, 427, 446, 490

availability/shortages 115, 338, 356, 362, 367, 389, 405, 431, 477

ban on purchasing 193, 213, 360