Taste of War: World War II and the Battle for Food (101 page)

consumption 13, 170, 171, 357, 393, 418, 428, 436, 437, 451, 499

dried 77, 100, 334, 340, 394, 450

production 106, 174, 486, 491

Egypt 4, 107, 128, 404, 437, 495

as military base 121, 126, 127, 130, 131, 132, 141, 167, 403

food production in 129, 130–32, 403, 404

Einsatzgruppen
39, 189, 224, 236

Eisenhower, General 177, 480

Ellice Islands 452–4

Eritrea 31, 130

Ethiopia 31, 105, 126, 130, 133

ethnic Germans (
Volksdeutsche
) 42–6

extermination camps

Auschwitz 6, 45, 206, 372

Belzec 206, 208, 211, 212

Majdanek 206

Sobibor 209, 212

Treblinka 206, 209, 211, 264

famine 1, 5, 7, 72, 77, 127, 130, 264, 382, 451

as a result of collectivization 86, 214, 221, 216, 325, 490

Bengal 1, 12, 141–54, 264, 496

Chinese 7, 11, 255–6

Dutch Hunger Winter 7, 176–8, 265

foods 263, 272, 471

Greek 7, 165–8, 178, 404

long-term effects 265

in Africa 124, 132, 134, 136, 137

in Burma 230, 237

in Japan 53, 275, 310, 313, 464

in Middle East 131

in occupied Soviet Union 5, 191, 214, 216, 317, 318, 471

post-war 471, 480, 490

Tonkin 1, 7–8, 230, 240–42

fascism 16, 416

fat 18, 19, 20, 25, 28, 69, 86, 96, 99, 113, 115, 128, 131, 140, 175, 177, 180, 186, 219, 268, 339, 354, 355, 360, 370, 377, 460, 493, 498

and health 13, 460

importance in diet 13, 22, 139, 157, 392

in army rations 276, 281, 319, 320, 321, 341, 437

post-war increases in consumption 487, 492, 495

rationing 157, 164, 210

shortages 35, 70, 125, 157, 158, 164, 176, 203, 210, 225, 356, 358, 367, 380, 381, 382, 384, 472, 476

supplies for Germany 186, 214, 216

fertilizer 3, 4, 34, 35, 58, 71, 82, 84, 91, 130, 132, 172, 251, 482, 487, 501

production 9, 73, 75, 81, 92, 156, 232, 491

shortages 44, 155, 159, 170, 175, 186, 217, 222, 229, 232, 251

First World War 23, 26, 27, 50, 76, 77, 83, 92, 109, 167, 170, 181, 201, 220, 223, 325, 329, 349, 361, 380, 385, 395, 400, 402, 403, 441, 457, 501

different from Second World War 346, 348, 463, 464

hunger during 382

influence on British policy makers 104

influence on Japanese policy makers 50, 54

influence on National Socialists 4–5, 33, 104, 181, 203, 359, 370

see also
Versailles, Treaty of

fodder 34, 157, 175, 186, 197, 202, 221, 225, 255, 342

imports 2, 3, 4, 19, 22, 23, 26, 29, 35, 67, 71, 353, 356

production 28, 69, 93, 219, 479

food

as a driving force for conflict 2, 4, 15, 17, 23

dependence on imports of 2, 3, 20, 22, 23, 26, 28–30, 35, 50, 52, 63, 67, 69, 89, 90, 93, 97, 100, 101, 108, 113, 124, 143–4, 153, 166, 168, 172, 190, 228–9, 230, 234–5, 237, 240, 262, 286, 310, 353–4, 460, 483

entitlement 5, 11, 118, 124, 131, 263, 269, 329, 348, 359, 369, 462

fortification 10, 86, 389, 410, 411, 413, 421, 423, 461, 494

importance for maintaining war effort 8, 26, 88, 262, 270, 464

packaging 10, 492

prices 3, 19, 22, 23, 24, 27, 29, 52, 123, 127, 133, 143, 144, 166, 170, 234, 253, 261, 356, 362, 412, 482, 483, 501

processing 8, 10, 83, 84, 87, 93, 97, 100, 122, 125, 139, 389, 444, 445, 492–3, 494, 498, 499

quality 14

riots 4, 22, 52, 127, 129, 171

surpluses 27, 66, 68, 75, 76, 136, 352, 426, 427, 477, 483, 484, 489

theft 225, 306, 331, 341

wartime increase in demand for 66, 77, 139

forced labour

rations 11, 156, 161, 164, 370–71

use of by Japan 7, 231, 244, 297

use of by Germany 11, 44, 45, 156, 160–61, 164, 186, 196, 210, 214, 218, 370–71, 470, 555n

Formosa 49, 52, 60, 228, 237, 243, 261, 278

Four Year Plan 32, 33, 38, 155

France 7, 22, 23, 27, 34, 42, 67, 76, 104, 111, 120, 152, 169, 175, 232, 248, 270, 368, 373, 396, 400, 439, 477, 480

export of food to Germany 171, 175, 178, 204

impact of war on food supply 163, 170, 171, 262

import dependence 35

rationing in 211, 485

Frank, Hans, 205, 209

free market 11, 68, 78, 148, 150, 345, 419, 483, 486

free trade 2, 20, 22, 27, 56, 484

frozen food 113, 407, 419

production 83–4, 493

see also
meat, frozen

fuel 3, 8, 67, 68, 184, 195, 199, 201, 253, 283, 335, 381, 402, 410, 487, 501

shortages 38, 63, 170, 186, 222, 229, 309, 326, 328, 468, 470

Gambia, the 67, 120, 122, 124, 129, 140

General Government 43–5, 193, 194, 205, 207, 218

rations in 206, 211, 212–13

General Plan for the East 17, 39–46, 60

German armed forces 274, 284, 303, 312, 324, 336

campaign in North Africa 126, 152, 404, 443

food policy 184–6, 180, 184, 188

food rations 156, 170, 173, 180, 184, 186–9, 202, 218, 322, 367–8, 380, 434, 437, 440, 441

length of service tail 271

see also
eastern front

German Labour Front (DAF) (Deutsche Arbeitsfront) 356, 367, 368, 369

Germany 7, 16, 18, 49, 59, 64, 86, 138, 219, 231, 232, 311, 330, 335, 337, 439, 472

agriculture 28–9, 70, 71, 73, 155–63, 164, 374–5, 467 487, 493, 495, 499

and Britain 34, 91, 106, 262

and First World War 5, 16, 22, 23–6, 33, 50, 464

and Japan 63

barter economy 378, 379, 383

casualties 317

decision to invade Soviet Union 26, 32, 34, 36, 37, 164, 180, 182–3

euthanasia programme 5, 206, 361

expansionism 2, 5, 16–17, 30–31, 32, 39–42, 64, 262

feeding urban population 2, 22, 30

feels disadvantaged by global economy 2, 16, 21, 22, 26–7, 34, 64, 266

food crisis 164, 199–204, 348–9

food policy 359, 261

food shortages 164, 180, 181, 183, 203, 379–82, 431

industrial workers in 9, 13, 21, 181–2, 203, 335, 356,-7, 367–70, 380–82, 422, 424

invasion of Soviet Union 39, 66, 104, 110, 190, 222, 226, 318, 328

motivation for fighting 270, 416, 463–4

plunder of occupied Europe 69, 165–6, 169–71, 173, 175, 178–9, 263, 348

plunder of occupied Soviet Union 69, 85, 189, 210, 213–18, 223, 259, 263, 284, 342, 348

preparation for war 28, 33, 69, 155, 156, 269, 347, 384