Supreme Commander (121 page)

  
1.
Henry L. Stimson and McGeorge Bundy,
On Active Service in Peace and War
(New York, 1947), p. 551; Feis,
Churchill-Roosevelt-Stalin
, p. 321.

  
2.
De Gaulle,
Unity
, p. 258; U. S. Dept. of State,
Foreign Relations, 1944
, Vol. III, p. 705.

  
3.
Smith to John Hilldring, July 4, 1944, SHAEF Civil Affairs CCS Dirs., Modern Military Records, National Archives.

  
4.
Pogue,
Supreme Command
, p. 234.

  
5.
Feis,
Churchill-Roosevelt-Stalin
, pp. 321–22; De Gaulle,
Unity
, pp. 270–71; U. S. Dept. of State,
Foreign Relations, 1944
, Vol. III, p. 723; Pogue,
Supreme Command
, pp. 234–35.

  
6.
Pogue,
Supreme Command
, p. 238.

  
7.
Wilson to SHAEF, August 14, 1944, and Eisenhower to AGWAR, August 15, 1944, EP, No. 1896.

  
8.
Smith to NADIST, August 18, 1944, EP, No. 1896, n. 2.

  
9.
Eisenhower to CCS, August 15, 1944, EP, No. 1896.

10.
CCS to Eisenhower, August 16, 1944, EP, No. 1896, n. 2.

11.
This account is based heavily on Blumenson’s chapter, “The Liberation of Paris,”
Breakout and Pursuit
, pp. 590–628.

12.
Ibid., pp. 595–98; Pogue,
Supreme Command
, p. 240.

13.
De Gaulle to Eisenhower, August 21, 1944, EP, No. 1908, n. 1; Blumenson,
Breakout and Pursuit
, pp. 598–99.

14.
EP, No. 1908.

15.
Eisenhower to Marshall, August 24, 1944, EP, No. 1910.

16.
Blumenson,
Breakout and Pursuit
, pp. 604–05.

17.
Ibid., p. 607.

18.
Ibid., pp. 618–20.

19.
Bradley,
A Soldier’s Story
, p. 394.

20.
Bradley,
A Soldier’s Story
, p. 395.

21.
Blumenson,
Breakout and Pursuit
, p. 622; Pogue,
Supreme Command
, p. 242; Eisenhower,
Crusade in Europe
, pp. 297–98; Bradley,
A Soldier’s Story
, pp. 394–95.

22.
Blumenson,
Breakout and Pursuit
, p. 625.

23.
Eisenhower to Marshall, August 31, 1944, EP, No. 1925.

24.
Pogue,
Supreme Command
, p. 321.

25.
Ibid., pp. 322–23.

26.
Bradley,
A Soldier’s Story
, pp. 405–6.

27.
Pogue,
Supreme Command
, pp. 322–23.

28.
Eisenhower to Lee, September 16, 1944, EP, No. 1963.

29.
Pogue,
Supreme Command
, pp. 319–20.

30.
Caffery to Hull, reporting conversation with Eisenhower, October 20, 1944, in U. S. Dept. of State,
Foreign Relations, 1944
, Vol. III, pp. 742–43.

31.
U. S. Dept. of State,
Foreign Relations, 1944
, Vol. III, pp. 735–37.

32.
Pogue,
Supreme Command
, p. 325.

33.
Churchill,
Triumph and Tragedy
, pp. 246–49.

34.
Eisenhower to JCS, October 20, 1944, EP, No. 2049.

  
1.
Eisenhower to Marshall, August 7, 1944, EP, No. 1886.

  
2.
Same to same, August 17, 1944, EP, No. 1898.

  
3.
Eisenhower to Montgomery, August 19, 1944, EP, No. 1901.

  
4.
Ruppenthal,
Logistical Support of the Armies
, Vol. II, p. 124.

  
5.
Ibid., p. 5.

  
6.
Ibid., p. 6.

  
7.
Ibid.

  
8.
Eisenhower to Tedder, August 16, and to Brereton, August 22, 1944, EP, Nos. 1897 and 1906.

  
9.
Eisenhower to Marshall, August 24, 1944, EP, No. 1910.

10.
Ruppenthal,
Logistical Support of the Armies
, Vol. II, p. 8.

11.
Ibid.

12.
All these reports are quoted in Pogue,
Supreme Command
, pp. 244–45.

13.
Ibid., p. 245.

14.
Eisenhower to Marshall, August 31, 1944, EP, No. 1925.

15.
Pogue,
Supreme Command
, pp. 263–64.

16.
Marshall to Eisenhower, August 17, 1944, EP, No. 1900, n. 1.

17.
Eisenhower to Marshall, August 19, 1944, EP, No. 1900.

18.
Same to same, July 12, 1944, EP, No. 1822.

19.
Pogue,
Supreme Command
, p. 269.

20.
Brereton to Eisenhower, August 20, and Eisenhower to Brereton, August 22, 1944, EP, No. 1906.

21.
Eisenhower to Marshall, September 2, 1944, EP, No. 1930.

22.
Eisenhower to Arnold, September 3, 1944, EP, No. 1931.

23.
Eisenhower,
Crusade in Europe
, p. 308; Pogue,
Supreme Command
, pp. 272–74; Eisenhower to Marshall, September 25, 1944, EP, No. 1994.

24.
Pogue,
Supreme Command
, p. 277.

25.
This account of command structure in Europe is heavily based on Pogue’s Chapter XV, “Command Reorganization, June-October 1944,”
Supreme Command
, pp. 261–78.

  
1.
Montgomery,
Memoirs
, p. 240.

  
2.
Pogue,
Supreme Command
, pp. 249–50.

  
3.
Montgomery,
Memoirs
, p. 240; Bradley,
A Soldier’s Story
, p. 398.

  
4.
Montgomery,
Memoirs
, pp. 241–42; Eisenhower to Montgomery, August 24, 1944, EP, No. 1909.

  
5.
Ellis,
Victory in the West
, p. 461.

  
6.
Bryant,
Triumph in the West
, pp. 195–96.

  
7.
Eisenhower to Marshall, August 24, 1944, EP, No. 1910.

  
8.
Eisenhower to commanders, August 29, 1944, EP, No. 1920.

  
9.
Italics mine. Eisenhower sent Bradley a copy of his August 24 letter to Montgomery.

10.
Ellis,
Victory in the West
, p. 464.

11.
George S. Patton, Jr.,
War as I Knew It
(Boston, 1947), p. 120; Wilmot,
Struggle for Europe
, p. 469.

12.
Eisenhower Office Diary, September 2, 1944.

13.
Pogue,
Supreme Command
, p. 253.

14.
Eisenhower to Marshall, September 4, 1944, EP, No. 1934.

15.
Directive of September 4, 1944, EP, No. 1933.

16.
Blumenson,
Breakout and Pursuit
, pp. 688–701.

17.
Marshall to Eisenhower, W-29970, September 13, 1944, Lutes Papers.

18.
Eisenhower to Montgomery, September 5, 1944, EP, No. 1935.

19.
Ellis,
Victory in the West
, p. 463.

20.
Interview with Sir Ian Jacob, May 8, 1968.

21.
Memorandum, December 6, 1943, EP, No. 1408.

22.
Blumenson,
Breakout and Pursuit
, pp. 696–701.

23.
Montgomery,
Memoirs
, pp. 243–46.

24.
Eisenhower,
Crusade in Europe
, pp. 305–6.

25.
Wilmot,
Struggle for Europe
, pp. 488–89.

26.
Tedder,
With Prejudice
, pp. 590–91.

27.
Summersby,
Eisenhower Was My Boss
, p. 170.

28.
Montgomery,
Memoirs
, pp. 246–47; Eisenhower,
Crusade in Europe
, pp. 306–7.

29.
Bradley,
A Soldier’s Story
, p. 416.

30.
Pogue,
Supreme Command
, pp. 281–82.

31.
Tedder,
With Prejudice
, pp. 590–91.

32.
Montgomery,
Memoirs
, pp. 247–48.

33.
Bradley,
A Soldier’s Story
, pp. 416–18.

34.
Montgomery,
Memoirs
, p. 259.

35.
Tedder,
With Prejudice
, p. 591.

36.
Pogue,
Supreme Command
, pp. 283–84. The logistical movement is discussed in detail in Charles B. MacDonald,
The Siegfried Line Campaign
, in Conn (ed.),
U. S. Army in World War II
(Washington, 1963), pp. 199–239.

37.
Eisenhower to Bradley and others, September 13, 1944, EP, No. 1946.

38.
Tedder,
With Prejudice
, p. 596.

39.
Eisenhower to Marshall, September 14, 1944, EP, No. 1953.

40.
Eisenhower to Montgomery, September 16, 1944, EP, No. 1962.

41.
Eisenhower to Lee, September 17, 1944, EP, No. 1963.

42.
Eisenhower to Montgomery, September 15, 1944, EP, No. 1957.

43.
Montgomery,
Memoirs
, pp. 250–51.

44.
Eisenhower to Marshall, September 18, 1944, EP, No. 1968.

45.
Eisenhower to Montgomery, September 20, 1944, EP, No. 1975.

46.
Wilmot,
Struggle for Europe
, p. 536.

47.
Montgomery,
Memoirs
, pp. 250–51.

48.
Eisenhower to Marshall, September 21, 1944, EP, No. 1978.

49.
Wilmot,
Struggle for Europe
, pp. 533–34.

50.
Eisenhower to Montgomery, September 22, 1944, EP, No. 1979.

51.
Bradley,
A Soldier’s Story
, pp. 422–23; Pogue,
Supreme Command
, pp. 293–94; Wilmot,
Struggle for Europe
, pp. 533–34; Patton,
War as I Knew It
, p. 120.

52.
The best account is MacDonald,
Siegfried Line Campaign
, pp. 119–206.

53.
Eisenhower to Bradley and Montgomery, October 8, 1944, EP, No. 2028.

54.
Eisenhower to Montgomery, October 9, 1944, EP, No. 2031.

55.
Pogue,
Supreme Command
, p. 296.

56.
Eisenhower to Montgomery, October 10, 1944, EP, No. 2032.

57.
Interview with Sir Frederick Morgan, July 17, 1965.

58.
MacDonald.,
Siegfried Line Campaign
, p. 220.

59.
Pogue,
Supreme Command
, pp. 299–301.

60.
Bryant,
Triumph in the West
, p. 219.

61.
Wilmot,
Struggle for Europe
, p. 670.

62.
Pogue,
Supreme Command
, p. 289.

  
1.
Montgomery,
Memoirs
, p. 257.

  
2.
Bryant,
Triumph in the West
, p. 213.

  
3.
De Guingand,
Operation Victory
, pp. 329–30.

  
4.
Pogue,
Supreme Command
, p. 259.

  
5.
Ibid., p. 260.

  
6.
Eisenhower to CCS, September 5, 1944, EP, No. 1937.

  
7.
Pogue,
Supreme Command
, p. 260.

  
8.
Ehrman,
Grand Strategy
, p. 380.

  
9.
Pogue,
Supreme Command
, pp. 289–90.

10.
Eisenhower to Montgomery, October 13, 1944, EP, No. 2038.

11.
Pogue,
Supreme Command
, p. 298.

  
1.
Eisenhower to Marshall, November 11, 1944, EP, No. 2114.

  
2.
Eisenhower to Bradley, Lee, and others, November 6, 1944, EP, No. 2106.

  
3.
Eisenhower to CCS, December 3, 1944, EP, No. 2148.

  
4.
Eisenhower to Handy, December 3, 1944, EP, No. 2150.

  
5.
Eisenhower to Marshall, November 27, 1944, EP, No. 2143.

  
6.
Eisenhower to Surles, October 6, 1944, EP, No. 2027, and EP for October and November generally.

  
7.
Eisenhower to Marshall, December 3, 1944, EP, No. 2149.

  
8.
Eisenhower to Aksel Nielsen, October 20, 1944, EP, No. 2051.

  
9.
Pogue,
Supreme Command
, pp. 305–6.

10.
Ibid., p. 306.

11.
Eisenhower to Marshall, October 20, 1944, EP, No. 2049.

12.
Same to same, November 27, 1944, EP, No. 2142.

13.
Robert R. Palmer, Bell I. Wiley, and William R. Keast,
The Procurement and Training of Ground Combat Troops
, in Greenfield (ed.),
U. S. Army in World War II
, (Washington, 1948), pp. 165–240.

14.
Eisenhower,
Crusade in Europe
, p. 323.

15.
Eisenhower to Early, December 26, 1944, EP, No. 2203.

16.
Tedder,
With Prejudice
, pp. 605–15; Eisenhower to Marshall, October 23, 1944, EP, No. 2063; Pogue,
Supreme Command
, pp. 307–9.

17.
Marshall to Eisenhower, November 16, 1944, EP, No. 2136, n. 1.

18.
Eisenhower to Marshall, November 22, 1944, EP, No. 2136.

19.
Eisenhower to CCS, November 20, 1944, EP, No. 2131.

20.
Same to same, November 20, 1944, and Eisenhower to Churchill, November 26, 1944, EP, Nos. 2131 and 2140.

21.
Eisenhower to Marshall, November 27, 1944, EP, No. 2142.

22.
Eisenhower’s directive of October 28, 1944, EP, No. 2074.

23.
Eisenhower to Marshall, November 11, 1944, EP, No. 2114.

24.
Bryant,
Triumph in the West
, p. 252.

25.
Ibid., p. 255.

26.
Ibid., p. 259.

27.
Ibid., p. 254.

28.
Ibid., p. 256.

29.
Ibid., pp. 258–60.

30.
Eisenhower to Montgomery, December 1, 1944, EP, No. 2145.

31.
Same to same, December 2, 1944, EP, No. 2146.

32.
Eisenhower to Marshall, December 5, 1944, EP, No. 2154.

33.
Tedder,
With Prejudice
, pp. 620–23; Montgomery,
Memoirs
, pp. 270–74; Pogue,
Supreme Command
, pp. 316–17; Bryant,
Triumph in the West
, pp. 264–65.

34.
Bryant,
Triumph in the West
, p. 266.

35.
Eisenhower to Marshall, December 13, 1944, EP, No. 2163.

36.
Pogue,
Supreme Command
, pp. 317–18.

37.
Wilmot,
Struggle for Europe
, pp. 573–74.

38.
Eisenhower to Montgomery, December 16, 1944, EP, No. 2173.