Supreme Commander (119 page)

  
1.
Harrison,
Cross-Channel Attack
, p. 68.

  
2.
Butcher,
My Three Years
, p. 479.

  
3.
Memo, February 7, 1944, EP, No. 1536. What he meant, of course, was a simultaneous ANVIL. Throughout this chapter, when I use ANVIL, I mean one going concurrently with OVERLORD.

  
4.
Marshall to Eisenhower, February 7, 1944, EP, No. 1531, fn. 3.

  
5.
Eisenhower to Marshall, February 8, 1944, EP, No. 1538.

  
6.
Pogue,
Supreme Command
, pp. 113–15; Harrison,
Cross-Channel Attack
, pp. 168–70.

  
7.
EP, No. 1547, fn. 1.

  
8.
Eisenhower to Marshall, February 14, 1944, EP, No. 1547.

  
9.
Memorandum, February 18, 1944, EP, No. 1555.

10.
BCOS to JSM, COS (W), February 19, 1944, EP, No. 1556, fn. 1.

11.
Eisenhower to Marshall, February 19, 1944, EP, No. 1556.

12.
Montgomery to Eisenhower, February 19 and 21, 1944, EP, No. 1561, fn. 1.

13.
Eisenhower to Marshall, February 22, 1944, EP, No. 1562; Harrison,
Cross-Channel Attack
, pp. 171–72.

14.
Pogue,
Supreme Command
, pp. 114–15; Harrison,
Cross-Channel Attack
, p. 172.

15.
Pogue,
Supreme Command
, p. 115.

16.
Eisenhower to Marshall, March 3, 1944, EP, No. 1577.

17.
Same to same, March 9, 1944, EP, No. 1582.

18.
Quoted in Matloff,
Strategic Planning
, p. 422.

19.
Marshall to Eisenhower, March 17, 1944, EP, No. 1591, fn. 1.

20.
Eisenhower to Marshall, March 20, 1944, EP, No. 1593.

21.
Same to same, March 21, 1944, EP, No. 1595.

22.
Pogue,
Supreme Command
, p. 116.

23.
Eisenhower to Marshall, March 27, 1944, EP, No. 1608; Pogue,
Supreme Command
, pp. 116–17; Ehrman,
Grand Strategy
, Vol. V, pp. 249–54.

24.
Matloff,
Strategic Planning
, p. 425.

25.
Marshall to Eisenhower, March 31, 1944, EP, No. 1621, fn. 1.

26.
Eisenhower to Marshall, March 27, 1944, EP, No. 1608.

27.
The texts of these messages are given in full in Marshall to Eisenhower. April 13, 1944, EP, No. 1641, fn. 2.

28.
Eisenhower to Marshall, April 12, 1944, EP, No. 1641.

29.
Matloff,
Strategic Planning
, p. 426.

30.
See draft of an Eisenhower to Marshall cable, not sent, April 17, 1944, EP No. 1645.

31.
Pogue,
Supreme Command
, p. 117; Ehrman,
Grand Strategy
, Vol. V, pp. 252–58.

32.
Eisenhower Office Diary, April 18, 1944.

  
1.
Whiteley to John Kennedy, September 23, 1943, EP, No. 1539, fn. 2, covers the issue. Senior officers at U. S. Eighth Air Force had been heard to say that they only wanted twenty or thirty clear operation days and they would finish the war on their own.

  
2.
Eisenhower to Smith, January 5, 1944, EP, No. 1473.

  
3.
Arnold to Eisenhower, no date, EP, No. 1539, fn. 2.

  
4.
Tedder,
With Prejudice
, pp. 499–501.

  
5.
Ibid., p. 502.

  
6.
Eisenhower to Marshall, February 9, 1944, EP, No. 1539.

  
7.
Pogue,
Supreme Command
, p. 127.

  
8.
Harrison,
Cross-Channel Attack
, p. 217; Tedder,
With Prejudice
, pp. 503–4; Pogue,
Supreme Command
, pp. 127–29.

  
9.
Tedder,
With Prejudice
, p. 508.

10.
EP, No. 1539, fn. 2.

11.
Harrison,
Cross-Channel Attack
, p. 219.

12.
Ellis,
Victory in the West
, pp. 99–100. Lionel F. Ellis,
Victory in the West
, in
History of the Second World War
(London, 1962), pp. 99–100.

13.
Pogue,
Supreme Command
, p. 128.

14.
Eisenhower to Tedder, February 29, 1944, EP, No. 1575.

15.
Tedder,
With Prejudice
, pp. 510–12; Pogue,
Supreme Command
, p. 124; Harrison,
Cross-Channel Attack
, pp. 219–20.

16.
Pogue,
Supreme Command
, p. 125.

17.
Eisenhower to Marshall, March 3, 1944, EP, No. 1577.

18.
Same to same, March 21, 1944, EP, No. 1599.

19.
Memorandum, March 22, 1944, EP, No. 1600.

20.
Butcher,
My Three Years
, p. 507.

21.
Tedder,
With Prejudice
, p. 513; Ellis,
Victory in the West
, p. 98.

22.
Butcher,
My Three Years
, pp. 503–4.

23.
See Eisenhower memorandum for the record, March 22, 1944, EP, No. 1600.

24.
Pogue,
Supreme Command
, p. 129; Tedder,
With Prejudice
, pp. 520–22; Harrison,
Cross-Channel Attack
, pp. 221–22; Ellis,
Victory in the West
, p. 99.

25.
Wesley Frank Craven and James Lea Cate (eds.),
Argument to VE Day
, in
The Army Air Forces in World War II
, Vol. III (Chicago, 1951), p. 73.

26.
Tedder,
With Prejudice
, p. 520; Harrison,
Cross-Channel Attack
, pp. 221–22; Pogue,
Supreme Command
, p. 129.

27.
Eisenhower to Tedder, March 9, 1944, EP, No. 1584.

28.
Churchill to Eisenhower, April 3, 1944, EP, No. 1630, fn. 1; Tedder,
With Prejudice
, p. 521.

29.
Tedder,
With Prejudice
, p. 524.

30.
Ibid., p. 526.

31.
Eisenhower to Churchill, April 5, 1944, EP, No. 1630.

32.
Churchill to Eisenhower, April 29, 1944, and Eisenhower to Churchill, May 2, 1944, EP, No. 1662.

33.
Tedder,
With Prejudice
, pp. 528–30.

34.
Eisenhower to Marshall, April 29, 1944, EP, No. 1658.

35.
Tedder,
With Prejudice
, pp. 531–33.

36.
Churchill,
Closing the Ring
, pp. 529–30.

37.
Pogue,
Supreme Command
, p. 132; Harrison,
Cross-Channel Attack
, pp. 224–30; Ellis,
Victory in the West
, p. 96.

38.
Craven and Cate,
Argument to VE Day
, p. 73.

39.
Pogue,
Supreme Command
, p. 132.

40.
Harrison,
Cross-Channel Attack
, pp. 224, 230.

  
1.
Pogue,
Supreme Command
, p. 140.

  
2.
Feis,
Churchill-Roosevelt-Stalin
, p. 318.

  
3.
U. S. Dept. of State,
Foreign Relations, 1944
, Vol. III, pp. 641–42.

  
4.
Eisenhower to CCS, January 4, 1944, EP, No. 1489, fn. 1.

  
5.
Eisenhower to Marshall for CCS, January 19, 1944, EP, No. 1489.

  
6.
McCloy to Eisenhower, January 25, 1944, EP, No. 1489, fn. 2.

  
7.
Roosevelt to Eisenhower, March 15, 1944, in U. S. Dept. of State,
Foreign Relations, 1944
, Vol. III, pp. 675–76.

  
8.
De Gaulle,
Unity
, pp. 240–41.

  
9.
Pogue,
Supreme Command
, pp. 145–46.

10.
Memorandum for diary, March 22, 1944, EP, No. 1601.

11.
Pogue,
Supreme Command
, pp. 146–47.

12.
Eisenhower to Brooke, April 9, 1944, EP, No. 1636; Pogue,
Supreme Command
, p. 163.

13.
Pogue,
Supreme Command
, p. 147.

14.
Eisenhower to CCS, May 11, 1944, EP, No. 1681.

15.
Summarized in Marshall to Eisenhower, May 13, 1944, EP, No. 1691, fn. 1.

16.
Eisenhower to Marshall, May 16, 1944, EP, No. 1691.

17.
Roosevelt to Marshall, June 2, 1944, FDR Library, Hyde Park.

18.
Memorandum for diary, May 23, 1944, EP, No. 1708.

19.
Pogue,
Supreme Command
, p. 147.

20.
The Americans did not know the Prime Minister was going to act; see Hull to Chapin, June 2, 1944, U. S. Dept. of State,
Foreign Relations, 1944
, Vol. III, p. 698.

21.
Churchill,
Closing the Ring
, pp. 629–30; De Gaulle,
Unity
, p. 253.

22.
Eisenhower Office Diary, June 4, 1944.

23.
De Gaulle,
Unity
, pp. 255–56, Funk,
De Gaulle
, pp. 257–59.

24.
U. S. Dept. of State,
Foreign Relations, 1944
, Vol. III, p. 701.

25.
Eisenhower to CCS, June 4, 1944, EP, No. 1733; memorandum for diary, June 3, 1944, EP, No. 1732.

26.
Pogue,
Supreme Command
, p. 149.

27.
Interview with Eisenhower, October 21, 1967.

28.
De Gaulle,
Unity
, p. 256.

29.
This account is based on interviews with Eisenhower, on
At Ease
, pp. 267–68,
on
Crusade in Europe
, p. 431, and on an Eisenhower memorandum to Smith, May 20, 1944, EP, No. 1696.

30.
Eisenhower to Marshall, February 15, 1944, EP, No. 1550.

31.
Handy to Eisenhower, February 21, 1944, EP, No. 1550, fn. 3.

32.
Lutes personal diary, June 16, 1944, Lutes Coll. Personal File.

33.
Eisenhower to Marshall, June 27, 1944, EP, No. 1781.

34.
Feis.
Churchill-Roosevelt-Stalin
, p. 351–54.

35.
Butcher,
My Three Years
, p. 518.

36.
Stettinius to Marshall for Hull, April 13, 1944, EP, No. 1696, fn. 2.

37.
Eisenhower to Smith, May 20, 1944, EP, No. 1696.

38.
Eisenhower to Marshall, May 27, 1944, EP, No. 1719.

39.
Feis,
Churchill-Roosevelt-Stalin
, p. 355.

  
1.
Butcher,
My Three Years
, pp. 538–39.

  
2.
Eisenhower to Marshall, May 6, 1944, EP, No. 1672.

  
3.
Butcher,
My Three Years
, pp. 519–24.

  
4.
Ibid., pp. 544–45.

  
5.
Ibid., pp. 533–35; Harrison,
Cross-Channel Attack
, pp. 148–57, 258–69.

  
6.
Marshall to Eisenhower, February 10, 1944, EP, No. 1558, fn. 1.

  
7.
Eisenhower to Marshall, February 19, 1944, EP, No. 1558.

  
8.
Memorandum, May 22, 1944, EP, No. 1701; Harrison,
Cross-Channel Attack
, p. 289.

  
9.
Butcher,
My Three Years
, p. 545.

10.
Ibid., pp. 539–42.

11.
Bradley,
A Soldier’s Story
, p. 239.

12.
Sir Arthur Bryant,
Triumph in the West
(New York, 1959), p. 149; Sir Francis de Guingand,
Operation Victory
(New York, 1947), p. 317; Bradley,
A Soldier’s Story
, pp. 240–42.

13.
Butcher,
My Three Years
, pp. 539–42.

14.
Jacob diary, May 15, 1944.

15.
Eisenhower,
At Ease
, p. 273.

16.
Butcher,
My Three Years
, pp. 533–37.

17.
Eisenhower,
At Ease
, p. 275.

18.
See various entries in Eisenhower Office Diary for the spring of 1944.

19.
Butcher,
My Three Years
, pp. 545–48.

20.
Farago,
Patton
, p. 400.

21.
Eisenhower to Churchill, May 29, 1944, EP, No. 1718.

22.
Churchill to Eisenhower, May 30, 1944, EP, No. 1718, fn. 2.

23.
Eisenhower to Churchill, June 1, 1944, and to Hollis, June 28, 1944, EP, Nos. 1726 and 1784.

24.
Same to same, March 25, 1944, EP, No. 1604; New York
Times
, March 27, 1944.

25.
Pogue,
Supreme Command
, pp. 162–63; Eisenhower to BCOS, March 6, 1944, EP, No. 1580.

26.
Eisenhower to commanders, February 23, 1944, EP, No. 1561.

27.
Butcher,
My Three Years
, p. 505.

28.
Pogue,
Supreme Command
, pp. 163–64.

29.
Eisenhower to Marshall, May 21, 1944, EP, No. 1699.

30.
Eisenhower to Stark, May 21, 1944, and Stark to Eisenhower, May 23, 1944, EP, No. 1699, fn. 1.

31.
Leslie R. Groves,
Now It Can Be Told—The Story of the Manhattan Project
(New York, 1962), pp. 199–206; Eisenhower to Marshall, May 11, 1944, EP, No. 1683.

32.
Eisenhower to Marshall, May 26, 1944, EP, No. 1699; Roland G. Ruppenthal,
Logistical Support of the Armies
, in Greenfield (ed.),
U. S. Army in World War II
, 2 vols. (Washington, 1953), Vol. I, pp. 537–38. Still, there was a shortage of ammunition in ETO later in the war.

33.
Ruppenthal,
Logistical Support of the Armies
, Vol. I, pp. 231–40.

34.
Eisenhower to Churchill, May 20, 1944, EP, No. 1698.

35.
Eisenhower to Marshall, May 23, 1944, EP, No. 1707.

36.
JCS to Eisenhower, June 2, 1944, EP, No. 1707, fn. 2.

37.
Butcher,
My Three Years
, pp. 543–49.

38.
Harrison,
Cross-Channel Attack
, p. 272; Pogue,
Supreme Command
, p. 168.

39.
Eisenhower to Marshall, June 1, 1944, EP, No. 1728.

40.
Butcher,
My Three Years
, pp. 543–49.

41.
Ibid., pp. 549–51.

42.
Leigh-Mallory to Eisenhower, May 29, 1944, EP, No. 1720.

43.
Eisenhower to Leigh-Mallory, May 30, 1944, EP, No. 1720, fn. 1; Eisenhower,
Crusade in Europe
, pp. 246–47.

44.
Eisenhower,
Crusade in Europe
, p. 251.

45.
Eisenhower to Marshall, June 3, 1944, EP, No. 1731.

46.
Memorandum for diary, June 3, 1944, EP, No. 1732.