Supreme Commander (118 page)

  
1.
J. F. C. Fuller,
The Second World War, 1939–45, A Strategical and Tactical History
(New York, 1962), p. 268.

  
2.
Colonel Vincent J. Esposito (ed.),
The West Point Atlas of American Wars
, 2 vols. (New York, 1959), Vol. II, Map 98.

  
3.
Churchill to Eisenhower, September 26, 1943, EP, No. 1289 fn. 1; Matloff,
Strategic Planning
, p. 254; John Ehrman,
Grand Strategy
, in J. R. M. Butler (ed.),
History of the Second World War
(London, 1956), Vol. V, pp. 88–94.

  
4.
Eisenhower to Churchill, September 26, 1943, EP, No. 1289.

  
5.
Churchill to Eisenhower, October 3, 1943, EP, No. 1313, fn. 1.

  
6.
Eisenhower to CCS, October 3, 1943, EP, No. 1314.

  
7.
Tedder to Eisenhower, October 4, 1943, EP, No. 1318, fn. 1; Tedder,
With Prejudice
, p. 476.

  
8.
Eisenhower to Tedder, October 5, 1943, EP, No. 1318.

  
9.
Wilson to Eisenhower, October 5, 1943, EP, No. 1319, fn. 1.

10.
Eisenhower to Wilson and CCS, October 5, 1943, EP, No. 1319.

11.
Churchill to Eisenhower, October 7, 1943, EP, No. 1323, fn. 1.

12.
Eisenhower,
Crusade in Europe
, p. 194.

13.
Butcher,
My Three Years
, pp. 429–30.

14.
Eisenhower to Marshall, October 7, 1943, EP, No. 1323.

15.
Marshall to Eisenhower, October 7, 1943, EP, No. 1323, fn. 3.

16.
Matloff,
Strategic Planning
, pp. 258–59; Tedder,
With Prejudice
, p. 482.

17.
Eisenhower to CCS, October 8, 1943, EP, No. 1326.

18.
Eisenhower,
Crusade in Europe
, p. 191.

19.
Eisenhower to CCS, October 9, 1943, EP, No. 1328.

20.
Eisenhower to Churchill, October 9, 1943, EP, No. 1329.

21.
Churchill,
Closing the Ring
, pp. 219–20.

22.
Butcher,
My Three Years
, pp. 429–30, 433–36; Eisenhower,
Crusade in Europe
, pp. 202–3.

23.
Eisenhower to Smith, October 13, 1943, EP, No. 1337; Eisenhower to CCS, October 8, 1943, EP, No. 1327; Eisenhower to Alexander. October 14, 1943, EP, No. 1338.

24.
Smith to Eisenhower, October 13, 1943, EP, No. 1333, fn. 2.

25.
Eisenhower to CCS, October 25, 1943, EP, No. 1360.

26.
Eisenhower to CCS, October 31, 1943, EP, No. 1370.

27.
Ehrman,
Grand Strategy
, p. 74.

28.
Eisenhower to CCS, November 4, 1943, EP, No. 1373.

29.
Eisenhower to Alexander, November 9, 1943, EP, No. 1380.

30.
Eisenhower to Alexander, November 10, 1943, EP, No. 1381.

31.
Esposito (ed.),
The West Point Atlas
, Vol. II, Map 99.

32.
Butcher,
My Three Years
, pp. 426–29; Summersby,
Eisenhower Was My Boss
, p. 83.

33.
Butcher,
My Three Years
, pp. 443–44; Summersby,
Eisenhower Was My Boss
, p. 108.

34.
Eisenhower to Cunningham, October 16, 1943, EP, No. 1340.

35.
Cunningham to Eisenhower, October 10 and October 21, 1943, EP, No. 1340, fns. 1 and 2.

  
1.
Forrest C. Pogue,
The Supreme Command
, in Greenfield (ed.),
U. S. Army in World War II
(Washington, 1954), p. 25; Sherwood,
Roosevelt and Hopkins
, pp. 759–64.

  
2.
Butcher,
My Three Years
, pp. 419–21.

  
3.
Ibid., pp. 428, 430–31.

  
4.
Ibid., p. 428.

  
5.
Ibid., p. 428.

  
6.
Memorandum to Smith, October 2, 1943, EP, No. 1310.

  
7.
Eisenhower to Marshall, September 20, 1943, EP, No. 1271.

  
8.
Eisenhower memorandum of December 6, 1943, EP, No. 1408; Eisenhower Office Diary, October 19, 1943.

  
9.
Pogue,
Supreme Command
, p. 27.

10.
Eisenhower to Arthur Eisenhower, October 20, 1943, EP, No. 1352.

11.
Butcher,
My Three Years
, p. 434; Eisenhower’s comment of October 28, 1943, EP, No. 1366.

12.
Eisenhower to Van Horn Moseley, October 7, 1943, EP, No. 1324.

13.
Butcher,
My Three Years
, pp. 433–36.

14.
He told Butcher there was “not enough wallop in the initial attack.” Ibid., p. 434.

15.
If made Chief of Staff, Eisenhower would be on the CCS to represent the OVERLORD viewpoint, but OPD feared he would not be as effective in dealing with the British as Marshall.

16.
Pogue,
Supreme Command
, pp. 29–30; Ehrman,
Grand Strategy
, Vol. V, pp. 170–71.

17.
Mideast and AFHQ had, after the Cos disaster, been combined into one theater. Eisenhower’s authority in Mideast, however, was vague.

18.
Eisenhower memo of December 6, 1943, EP, No. 1408; Eisenhower,
Crusade in Europe
, p. 194.

19.
Eisenhower,
Crusade in Europe
, p. 197; Eisenhower memo of December 6, 1943, EP, No. 1408.

20.
Butcher,
My Three Years
, pp. 451–52; Eisenhower,
Crusade in Europe
, p. 196.

21.
Matloff,
Strategic Planning
, pp. 334–58; Ehrman,
Grand Strategy
, Vol. V, Chapters 4 and 5; U. S. Department of State,
Foreign Relations of the United States, Diplomatic Papers, The Conferences at Cairo and Tehran 1943
(Washington, 1961), pp. 203–9, 248, 424, 481.

22.
U. S. Dept. of State,
Foreign Relations, Cairo
, pp. 360–61; Eisenhower memo of December 6, EP, No. 1408. Here, on Tito, as elsewhere in the second half of 1943, Eisenhower was in agreement with the British and rejected the American view.

23.
Eisenhower,
Crusade in Europe
, p. 200.

24.
Ibid., Eisenhower,
At Ease
, p. 266.

25.
William D. Leahy,
I Was There
(New York, 1950), p. 208.

26.
Pogue,
Supreme Command
, pp. 30–31.

27.
Ibid., pp. 31–32.

28.
Butcher,
My Three Years
, pp. 452–53.

29.
Ibid., pp. 453–55.

30.
Sherwood,
Roosevelt and Hopkins
, pp. 802–3.

31.
Eisenhower,
Crusade in Europe
, p. 208. The original is framed and hangs in Eisenhower’s Gettysburg office.

32.
Sherwood,
Roosevelt and Hopkins
, p. 801.

33.
Ehrman,
Grand Strategy
, Vol. V, p. 201.

34.
Marshall to Eisenhower, December 10, 1943, EP, No. 1423.

35.
Eisenhower,
Crusade in Europe
, pp. 206–7.

  
1.
Butcher,
My Three Years
, 454–57.

  
2.
Eisenhower to Marshall, December 17, 1943, and December 23, 1943, EP, No. 1423 and No. 1426.

  
3.
Marshall to Eisenhower, November 23, 1943, EP, No. 1396, fn. 1.

  
4.
Eisenhower to Marshall, November 24, 1943, EP, No. 1396.

  
5.
Same to same, December 17, 1943, EP, No. 1423.

  
6.
See EP, No. 1414.

  
7.
Eisenhower to Patton, November 24, 1943, EP, No. 1397.

  
8.
Marshall to Eisenhower, December 21, 1943, and December 28, 1943, EP, No. 1440, fns. 1 and 3.

  
9.
Marshall to Eisenhower, December 24, 1943, EP, No. 1428, fn. 1.

10.
Eaker himself protested in a message to Eisenhower of December 18 (in Smith Coll. EOC). The same day he told Arnold it was “heartbreaking to leave just before the climax.” Craven and Cate,
Europe—Torch to Pointblank
, p. 749.

11.
Eisenhower to Marshall, December 25, 1943, EP, No. 1428.

12.
Butcher,
My Three Years
, pp. 454–57.

13.
Marshall to Eisenhower, December 28, 1943, EP, No. 1440, fn. 3.

14.
Butcher,
My Three Years
, pp. 463–64.

15.
Eisenhower to Marshall, December 29, 1943, EP, No. 1449.

16.
Smith to Eisenhower, December 30, 1943, EP, No. 1469, fn. 1.

17.
Eisenhower to Smith, December 31, 1943, EP, No. 1469.

18.
Eisenhower to Marshall, December 31, 1943, EP, No. 1470.

19.
Eisenhower to CCS, December 28, 1943, EP, No. 1446.

20.
Alexander to Eisenhower, December 27, 1943, EP, No. 1453, fn. 1.

21.
Eisenhower to Alexander, December 29, 1943, No. 1453.

22.
Same to same, December 31, 1943, EP, No. 1487. Eisenhower played no role in SHINGLE planning. He felt that as he was leaving the theater he should leave it up to Alexander.

23.
Eisenhower to Roosevelt, December 22, 1943, EP, No. 1425.

24.
Roosevelt to Eisenhower, December 23, 1943, EP, No. 1425, fn. 2; U. S. Dept. of State,
Foreign Relations, 1943
, Vol. II, p. 195.

25.
EP, No. 1425.

26.
Roosevelt to Eisenhower, December 26, 1943, EP, fn. 4.

27.
Eisenhower to Marshall, December 31, 1943, EP, No. 1466. De Gaulle,
Unity
, p. 241.

28.
Butcher,
My Three Years
, pp. 454–57.

29.
Ibid., pp. 460–61.

30.
Interview with Eisenhower, October 11, 1967.

31.
Marshall to Eisenhower, December 29, 1943, EP, No. 1450, fn. 8.

32.
Eisenhower to Mrs. Kincaid, December 28, 1943, Eisenhower’s possession.

  
1.
Eisenhower to Aksel Nielsen, September 6, 1943, EP, No. 1238.

  
2.
Summersby,
Eisenhower Was My Boss
, p. 114.

  
3.
Eisenhower to Spaatz, December 24, 1943, EP, No. 1427.

  
4.
Eisenhower to Colonel William Lee, October 29, 1943, EP, No. 1368.

  
5.
Eisenhower to Mrs. Milton Eisenhower, October 18, 1943, EP, No. 1347.

  
6.
Eisenhower to Hazlett, October 20, 1943, Ep, No. 1353.

  
7.
De Gaulle to Eisenhower, December 28, 1943, EP, No. 1457, fn. 1.

  
8.
Butcher,
My Three Years
, p. 464.

  
9.
Viorst,
Hostile Allies
, p. 189.

10.
Eisenhower to Wedemeyer, September 13, 1943, EP, No. 1248.

11.
Quoted in Pogue,
Supreme Command
, p. 34.

12.
Montgomery,
Memoirs
, p. 484.

13.
Eisenhower to Ismay, December 16, 1942, EP, No. 723.

  
1.
Eisenhower to Marshall, January 22, 1944, EP, No. 1496.

  
1.
The best over-all discussion of OVERLORD is Gordon A. Harrison,
Cross-Channel Attack
, in Greenfield (ed.),
U. S. Army in World War II
(Washington, 1951), pp. 46–82.

  
2.
Interview with Eisenhower, October 5, 1967, and memo, February 7, 1944, EP, No. 1536.

  
3.
Smith to Eisenhower, January 5, 1944, EP, No. 1473, fn. 2.

  
4.
Eisenhower to Smith, January 5, 1944, EP, No. 1473.

  
5.
Montgomery to Eisenhower, January 10, 1944, EP, No. 1475, fn. 1.

  
6.
Eisenhower to Montgomery, January 13, 1944, EP, No. 1475; see also Eisenhower to Smith, January 13, 1944, EP, No. 1476.

  
7.
Eisenhower to Marshall, January 17 and January 22, 1944, EP, Nos. 1483 and 1496.

  
8.
Eisenhower to CCS, January 23, 1944, EP, No. 1497.

  
9.
Eisenhower to Marshall, January 17, 1944, EP, No. 1483.

10.
Eisenhower to Haislip, January 24, 1944, EP, No. 1504.

11.
Butcher,
My Three Years
, pp. 472–74.

12.
Quoted in Pogue,
Supreme Command
, p. 56.

13.
Butcher,
My Three Years
, pp. 472–74.

14.
Quoted in Pogue,
Supreme Command
, p. 64.

15.
Butcher,
My Three Years
, pp. 472–74; Eisenhower to Marshall, April 30, 1944, EP, No. 1660.

16.
Butcher,
My Three Years
, p. 488.

17.
Eisenhower to Marshall, January 29, 1944, EP, No. 1520.

18.
Same to same, February 9, 1944, EP, No. 1539.

19.
Same to same, January 18, 1944, EP, No. 1486.

20.
Same to same, February 16, 1944, EP, No. 1553.

21.
Farago,
Patton
, pp. 417–18.

22.
Marshall to Eisenhower, April 26, 1944, EP, No. 1657, fn. 1.

23.
Eisenhower to Marshall, April 29, 1944, EP, No. 1657.

24.
Marshall to Eisenhower, April 29, 1944, EP, No. 1657, fn. 2.

25.
Eisenhower to Patton, April 29, 1944, EP, No. 1659.

26.
Eisenhower to Marshall, April 30, 1944, EP, No. 1660.

27.
Marshall to Eisenhower, May 2, 1944, EP, No. 1660, fn. 2.

28.
Farago,
Patton
, pp. 421–23; Eisenhower to Marshall, May 3, 1944, EP, No. 1666.

29.
Butcher,
My Three Years
, pp. 480–82.

30.
Eisenhower,
Crusade in Europe
, p. 225.

31.
Butcher,
My Three Years
, pp. 475–78.

32.
Summersby,
Eisenhower Was My Boss
, p. 129.

33.
Eisenhower to Marshall, January 28, 1944, EP, No. 1517.

34.
Eisenhower to Lee, February 19, 1944, EP, No. 1559.

35.
Same to same, March 22, 1944, EP, No. 1602.

36.
Butcher,
My Three Years
, pp. 499–500.

37.
Eisenhower,
Crusade in Europe
, p. 238.

38.
Montgomery,
Memoirs
, p. 201, quoting a letter from Smith.

39.
Eisenhower to Cunningham, February 23, 1944, EP, No. 1564.

40.
Eisenhower to John Eisenhower, March 31, 1944, EP, No. 1617.

41.
Eisenhower to Marshall, April 17, 1944, EP, No. 1645.

42
Butcher,
My Three Years
, pp. 527–33.

43.
Eisenhower to Somervell, April 4, 1944, EP, No. 1627.