Secrets of Antigravity Propulsion (37 page)

9.5 • ART’S PARTS REVERSE ENGINEERED

The
Coast to Coast
radio talk show, and in particular Art Bell, who served as its host for many years, is well known to many.
The show’s favorite topics have been UFOs and alien encounters.
In April 1996, one of the show’s listeners, a man who asked to remain anonymous, mailed to Bell a number of metallic artifacts that he said had been retrieved from the exterior of an alien spacecraft that crashed in 1947 between White Sands and Socorro, New Mexico.
²⁹
He said that his grandfather had gathered the materials while he was a member of the military security team connected with the retrieval cleanup operation and had given them to him before he died in 1974.

The parts, which have come to be known as Art’s Parts, were extensively discussed on
Coast to Coast
and pictures of them for some time had been posted on Bell’s webpage.
One of the two shipments of the alleged alien artifacts that were sent consisted of two irregularly shaped pieces of metal measuring approximately 6 by 3 centimeters and 5 by 2 centimeters, respectively, both having a thickness of 3 to 4 millimeters.
These were alleged to have been taken from the exterior underside of the craft and were believed to have formed a shell-like shield of sorts.

In the following months, the fragments were analyzed using a scanning electron microscope outfitted for energy-dispersive spectroscopy.
³⁰
The results for the two hull fragments were quite interesting.
Analysis showed that they consisted of twenty-five well-defined layers alternating between a thick layer of magnesium-zinc (97 to 97.5 percent magnesium and 2 to 3 percent zinc) and a thin layer of pure bismuth.
The metals were of exceptional purity.
The magnesium-zinc layers ranged in thickness from 100 to 200 microns (0.1 to 0.2 mm), and the bismuth layers ranged in thickness from 1 to 4 microns.
When examined in cross-section, it was apparent that the layer interfaces were not even but rather contained microscopic undulations.

Some researchers found it unusual that the material would jump around when exposed to the high-voltage field of a Van de Graaff generator.
However, American research technologist Nicholas Reiter, who conducted a similar test, says there is nothing unusual about this since any metal fragment would similarly dance around in a 200-kilovolt AC field.
³¹
To check for any electrogravitic force effects, he exposed the artifacts to DC voltage potentials in the range of 15 to 50 kilovolts, but observed no weight change as measured with a laboratory digital milligram balance.
Thus, contrary to widely publicized claims, there is no evidence to date that the fragments might lose weight when subjected to high voltage potentials.

Linda Moulton Howe, an American investigative journalist and documentary producer who was investigating the nature of the fragments, interviewed a large number of metallurgic experts from various companies and scientific institutes, including aerospace and defense companies.
None had heard of such a material, and they didn’t understand its purpose.
Howe also wrote letters to various agencies like the National Science Foundation to get information about the material.
A foundation scientist working in the Division of Materials Research said that he was unaware of any research into such a material.
A computer search of the foundation’s database on materials consisting of bismuth, magnesium, and zinc turned up nothing.

However, insights into the nature of this bismuth-layered material may be gained by considering recent investigations into negative index of refraction materials.
In 2005, Professors Victor Podolskiy and Evgenii Narimanov and graduate student Leonid Alekseyev, working at Oregon State University and Princeton University, respectively, announced their discovery that a thin layer of monocrystalline bismuth exhibited a negative index of refraction at microwave frequencies, making it the only known, naturally occurring substance to exhibit such a property.
^{32,
 
33,
 
34}
They sandwiched a 4.5-micron-thick layer of monocrystalline bismuth between two metal plates, as shown in figure 9.3.
In this arrangement, the semimetallic bismuth acts as a dielectric and the flanking metal layers act as waveguide walls.
When a 5,000-gigahertz microwave beam (60-micron wavelength) was directed into the bismuth layer, the beam was found to refract negatively.
That is, they found that over a narrow band of wavelengths, ranging from about 53 to 63 microns, the bismuth exhibited a negative index of refraction.

Bismuth achieves negative refraction in a manner very different from that of the metamaterials described in chapter 7.
Recall that such materials exhibited negative refraction because they had magnetic and electric resonances near the same frequency, creating a frequency range over which their permittivity,
ε, and permeability, μ, would simultaneously attain negative values.
With ε and μ simultaneously negative, the refractive index would also be simultaneously negative.
However, bismuth is nonmagnetic and, hence, has no magnetic resonances.
However, theory shows that a dielectric can exhibit a negative refraction index if the material has a permittivity anisotropy, that is, different values of permittivity for different wave propagation directions relative to the dielectric crystal axis, and if permittivity in one of these directions becomes negative over a specific frequency range while the permittivity in the other directions remains positive.
Bismuth has such a property (see text box).

Figure 9.3.
Waveguide made of monocrystalline bismuth sandwiched between two metal layers and used to demonstrate negative refraction of a 5,000-gigahertz microwave beam.

Figure 9.4.
Electric permittivity (real part) plotted as a function of excitation
wavelength.
The solid line charts the component parallel to the bismuth layer
and the dashed line charts the component perpendicular to this layer.
Negative
index of refraction is exhibited in the range in which ε
_ll
< 0 and ε
_perp
> 0.

Interestingly, the “hull fragments” among Art’s Parts consisted of bismuth layers having a thickness range (1–4 microns) only slightly thinner than that tested by the Oregon State–Princeton team.
One might then guess that the magnesium-zinc layers in the Art’s Parts fragments had the function of acting as metal waveguide walls around the bismuth layers.
This would ensure that microwaves propagating within the bismuth layers would be confined to those layers.
Magnesium is a relatively good electric conductor, so it would serve as a good metal to use for a waveguide wall.
It also has the advantage that it is lighter and stronger than aluminum.
Negative refraction should characterize bismuth layers that are even as thin as 1 micron.
Although the layer thickness is a factor in determining the exact value of the permittivity, it does not affect the values of the electron plasma frequencies along the two bismuth crystal axes.
Thus, the bismuth-layered samples in the Art’s Parts collection would also be expected to exhibit negative refraction of a 5,000-gigahertz beam.

As mentioned in chapter 7, metamaterials having a negative index of refraction are also capable of developing a strong repulsive force when exposed to a microwave beam.
The same may be true of bismuth films, so it is possible that the layered material would develop a thrust when excited with 5,000-gigahertz microwave radiation.
This could be easily checked in a laboratory.
An Art’s Parts hull fragment could be mounted on a pendulum or on a torsion balance and exposed to a high-power terahertz beam.
A 100-watt free-electron laser that has been tuned to a 5,000-gigahertz frequency might serve as an adequate beam source.
If a thrust effect was found, it would be the first time that such an effect has been discovered, since to date no research group has considered looking for such a beam thrust effect in layered bismuth.
A positive result could help validate the claim that the Art’s Parts layered-metal fragments were part of a shield that once covered the underside of a spacecraft and may have been a lofting material that was part of the craft’s exotic electrogravitic field propulsion system.
^*26

One would expect a thrust response to occur in a direction perpendicular to the bismuth C
₃
trigonal axis.
In the case of the sample tested by the Oregon State–Princeton team, such a thrust would occur parallel to the layer plane.
If the intention was instead to produce a force perpendicular to the layer plane, that is, perpendicular to the spacecraft hull, the C
₃
trigonal axis would need to be oriented in the plane of the bismuth layer instead of perpendicular to its plane.
It would be interesting to discover how the trigonal crystal axis is oriented in the Art’s Parts hull artifacts.

9.6 • PROJECT REDLIGHT

In the years immediately following the first saucer recoveries, MJ-12 ran a super-secret investigation program that concentrated primarily on analysis of the saucers, with the hope of learning something about their power source, mode of propulsion, instrumentation, and weaponry.
In parallel with this effort, autopsies were performed on the saucer’s occupants to learn something about their physiology.
Information obtained from reliable eyewitnesses indicates that the recovered discs and occupants have been stored and analyzed at a number of secret facilities that include Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, in Dayton, Ohio; Kirtland Air Force Base and the Sandia Laboratory complex in Albuquerque, New Mexico; and a highly restricted area on the Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) Reservation, in southern Nevada.
Here again, we encounter the Wright-Patterson connection, although artifacts that were in storage there are believed to have been transferred to the Kirtland-Sandia complex when the Department of Special Studies at Wright Air Development Center was moved there in 1956.
³⁵
Substantial information about a program to analyze and even test-fly some captured saucers is found in the “above top secret” Report No.
13 of Project Blue Book, Blue Book being a U.S.
Air Force project established to document and analyze UFO sightings.
Steinman and Stevens, who summarize this report in
UFO Crash at Aztec
, received this information from a witness who inadvertently reviewed the document in 1977 while working as an information analyst at a highly secure Royal Air Force/U.S.
Air Force radio espionage facility in Chicsands, England.
³⁶
The front cover of this 624-page bound document was dated 1953 with a 1963 date in parentheses, indicating that it was later updated with penciled annotations.
A length of red tape indicating code-red security measures was stretched diagonally across its front from corner to corner, and the cover was stamped in red ink,
TOP SECRET—NEED TO KNOW ONLY—CRYPTO CLEARANCE 14 REQUIRED
.
The top-secret compartmentalized clearance the report demanded was higher than that of the Blue Book management office staff, who were cleared only up to the secret level.
This would explain why Project Blue Book itself has no record of Report No.
13, even though its inventory includes status reports numbered 12 and 14.

According to the Air Force analyst, Report No.
13 reviewed the U.S.
government’s official procedures concerning downed UFOs and UFO close encounters.
It also summarized what the Air Force knew about crashed discs, their power systems, and their weaponry, and it included photographs of alien craft, crash debris, and the bodies of some of the craft’s occupants.
Also of interest, the report described a project called Redlight, whose purpose was to test the propulsion and weapons systems of retrieved saucers and to examine various pieces of hardware recovered from the crafts.
This operation was carried out in the highly restricted one-hundred-square-mile UFO research facility located in Nevada in the north-central part of the three-thousand-square-mile AEC Reservation.
The facility was said to harbor at least three alien saucers.
One was dismantled, and the other two were in good enough shape that they could be made flyable, although one of the two was said to have later exploded in flight with two U.S.
pilots aboard.

Based on information given in Report No.
13 and from eyewitness accounts, the following is known about the highly secret Nevada facility.
³⁷
Variously known as Area 51 or Dreamland, it is situated in the Groom Lake area northwest of Las Vegas.
It is the most heavily secured area in the United States.
It lies inside the guarded perimeter of the existing AEC nuclear-testing reservation and Air Force weapons practice range.
This dry lake site is screened on all sides by a mountain range, and this is ringed with electronic detectors, including infrared, motion, and ammonia detectors, which are so-called people sniffers.
The area itself is surrounded by three additional defense perimeters.
Security teams in helicopters and planes are on twenty-four-hour alert to respond to any intrusion.

The site was originally a Navy air field installation that was being used as a nuclear weapons storage base.
In 1951, the base was put on alert, and all personnel were evacuated except for the medical personnel, who were restricted to the hospital facility.
The Navy then brought in a Seabee construction battalion and, over a six- to eight-month period, dismantled the base, built underground work facilities, and surmounted them with large aboveground hangars.
At the end of 1951, after the work was completed, the Seabees moved out and the Project Redlight personnel moved in.
Their ranks grew to eight hundred to one thousand personnel permanently on duty and all living on the site.
A large but undetermined number of top scientists having very high security clearances were reported to come and go from this maximum security area.
Some had been formerly associated with the Manhattan Project.

Nevada residents living in the vicinity of Area 51 have seen disc-shaped craft being tested there from the 1950s to the present.
In their book, Steinman and Stevens described several cases in which hovering, disc-shaped aircraft were seen to be test-flown in the Area 51 vicinity.
³⁸
One story concerns a Navaho Indian who was backpacking in a canyon that ran down into the AEC Reservation area (date unknown).
After having camped the previous night in the canyon, he had awoken and had just finished preparing his pack for the hike ahead when a helicopter approached.
It was broadcasting warnings from a loudspeaker cautioning anybody in the canyon area to make his presence known so that he could be moved to safety and explaining that a military test was scheduled to be conducted that would be very dangerous.
The helicopter returned fifteen minutes later broadcasting the same message.
Feeling safe among the rocks, the Indian remained hidden and waited to see what would happen.
About a half hour later, two helicopters came into view flying up the canyon about 500 feet apart.
They escorted between them a dark gray, metallic, disc-shaped craft that had a raised dome at its center.
Ten minutes after the three had passed, the two helicopters flew back the way they had come, but without the saucer.
The saucer appeared some time later as it flew very fast and silently down the middle of the canyon, retracing its original path of entry.

Another story concerns an Air Force fighter pilot who was part of the Tactical Air Command Combat Squadron and had been taking part in a “red flag” war game exercise that was being conducted in an area adjacent to the AEC Reservation.
The pilot accidentally flew his jet across a corner of the reservation and happened to pass just north of the Area 51 region.
At that time, he saw below him to the south a 60-footdiameter, circular, disc-shaped craft in flight.
At that moment, he was hailed on the open emergency channel of his radio, told to abandon his mission, and ordered to fly directly to Nellis Air Force Base, where he was told to land.
Once on the ground, he was taken into custody and escorted to a security office for interrogation.
He was released two days later, only after pretending to be convinced that the disc-shaped object he had seen was merely a water tower.

Yet another story concerns a man who during the early 1960s performed top-secret radio work for the Air Force at Area 51.
He reported seeing one unconventional aircraft that was being flight-tested there under Project Redlight.
The craft was 20 to 30 feet in diameter and pewter colored.
He didn’t see the craft in operation since at those times he was brought indoors for security reasons.
However, he did note that, unlike conventional craft, it made no engine sound when it took off or landed.

Aircraft of nonconventional design such as the stealth bomber, stealth fighter, and Navy A-12 fighter have all been air-tested at Area 51.
So, quite possibly, there is a close relation between Project Redlight and the development of such advanced aircraft.
This area also may have served as the test site for the discs developed in Project Skyvault.

Another sighting of a very large, 200-foot-diameter craft was reported by Frank Batts of Santa Barbara, California.
Writer George Balanus summarized Batts’s story as follows.
³⁹
On the evening of April 30, 1997, Batts and his friend Joe had set out on an expedition to Area 51 in the hope of viewing some of the unusual hypersonic vehicles often seen in that vicinity by UFO watchers.
About 10:20 p.m., they had set off to find the landmark known as “the black mailbox,” which is located along Highway 375 about twenty miles southwest of Rachel, Nevada.
The area where most viewing enthusiasts camped out was about eight miles from there, away from the main highway, but Batts and Joe lost their way and did not find the black mailbox.
Instead, they ended up at a spot on the north side of the Area 51 range, opposite from where UFO buffs normally congregated.
This northern spot was known as the “back door” of the installation.
It lay much closer, about seven miles from the edge of the Area 51 facility.
Flight testing had been conducted in that area in the past, but locals reported that tests had supposedly ceased there for some time.

Batts and Joe had parked on the shoulder of the road and were facing out into the desert.
After about an hour, they saw a blue ball appear above the mountainside, hover, and then dance about for about two minutes before disappearing below the ridge.
This sounds very much like a plasma ball test that was sighted in 1993 in the Superstition Mountains twenty-five miles east of Phoenix.
⁴⁰

After the blue ball had vanished, they noted red, yellow, white, and blue lights still glowing out in the desert 175 to 200 yards from their location.
Sometimes the red lights flashed and sometimes they stayed constant like the other lights.
The two men thought they were observing a building at the base, but after about an hour and a half, what they thought was a building suddenly lifted slowly off the ground and hovered.
At that point, they realized that what they were seeing was not a building.
White light reflecting off the desert floor illuminated the underside of the craft, revealing it to be a very large silver saucer.
They estimated that the disc was about 200 feet across.
It had curved upper and lower hulls with a bank of red and orange lights around its middle.
For about an hour and fifteen minutes, they watched it maneuver from side to side and up and down.
Eventually, it receded and finally disappeared over a distant mountain range.

During the sighting, Batts tried to operate his camera, but it wouldn’t work.
They also tried the car radio but got only a high-pitched whining sound, whereas before and after the sighting they were able to tune in a radio station.