Rome: An Empire's Story (52 page)

Further Reading

No single book deals with all the issues rounded up in this chapter but there are several inspiring texts that touch on one aspect or another. The recovery of the past, including that of classical antiquity, is the subject of Alain Schnapp’s
Discovery of the Past
(New York, 1997) and of David Lowenthal’s
The Past is a Foreign Country
(Cambridge, 1985). Edward Thomas’s
Monumentality and the Roman Empire
(Oxford, 2007) is a vivid and learned account of the most tangible of Roman remains. How the Romans saw ancient art is the subject of Jas Elsner’s
Roman Eyes
(Princeton, 2007). Key works on the later reception of Rome are listed under the Further Reading for
Chapter 2
.

A group of books have considered social memory: Alain Gowing’s
Empire and Memory
(Cambridge, 2005), Susan Alcock’s
Archaeologies of the Greek Past
(Cambridge, 2002), and Harriet Flower’s
Art of Forgetting
(Chapel Hill, NC, 1992) provide contrasting models, all of them interesting. James Fenton and Chris Wickham’s
Social Memory
(Oxford, 1992) also has a good deal to offer, even if it only concerns antiquity in passing. But the big book on Roman posterity lies in the future …

Notes

CHAPTER 1

1.
Velleius Paterculus,
Roman History
2.1.

CHAPTER 2

1.
Philip Hardie,
Virgil’s Aeneid: Cosmos and Imperium
(Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1985).

2.
Livy,
From the Foundation of the City
4.20.

3.
Denis Feeney,
Caesar’s Calendar: Ancient Time and the Beginnings of History
, Sather Classical Lectures (Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 2007).

4.
Paul Zanker,
The Power of Images in the Age of Augustus
, Jerome Lectures (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1988).

5.
Livy,
From the Foundation of the City
Preface.

6.
Emma Dench,
Romulus’ Asylum: Roman Identities from the Age of Alexander to the Age of Hadrian
(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005); T. Peter Wiseman,
Remus: A Roman Myth
(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995).

7.
Andrew Erskine,
Troy between Greece and Rome: Local Tradition and Imperial Power
(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001); Greg Woolf,
Tales of the Barbarians: Ethnography and Empire in the Roman West
(Malden, Mass.: Blackwell Publishers, 2011).

8.
Carol Dougherty,
The Poetics of Colonization: From City to Text in Archaic Greece
(New York: Oxford University Press, 1993).

9.
Erich Gruen,
Culture and National Identity in Republican Rome
(London: Duckworth, 1992); Thomas Habinek,
The World of Roman Song from Ritualised Speech to Social Order
(Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2005).

10.
William Vernon Harris,
War and Imperialism in Republican Rome, 327–70 B.C.
(Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1979).

11.
P. A. Brunt, ‘Laus Imperii’, in Peter Garnsey and C. R. Whittaker (eds.),
Imperialism in the Ancient World
(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1978; repr. in P. A. Brunt,
Roman Imperial Themes
(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1990), 288–323).

12.
Mary Beard,
The Roman Triumph
(Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2007).

13.
Jean-Louis Ferrary,
Philhellénisme et impérialisme: Aspects idéologiques de la conquête romaine du monde hellénistique, de la Seconde Guerre de Macédoine à la Guerre contre Mithridate
, Bibliothèque des Écoles Françaises d’Athènes et de Rome (Rome: École Française de Rome, 1988); John S. Richardson, The Language of Empire: Rome and the Idea of Empire from the Third Century
BC
to the Second Century
AD
(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008).

14.
Catharine Edwards (ed.),
Roman Presences: Receptions of Rome in European Culture, 1789
–
1945
(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999).

15.
Dimitri Gutas,
Greek Thought, Arab Culture: The Graeco-Arabic Translation Movement in Baghdad and Early Abbasid Society (2nd–4th/8th–10th Centuries)
(New York: Routledge, 1998).

16.
Alexander Scobie,
Hitler’s State Architecture: The Impact of Classical Antiquity
, Monographs on the Fine Arts (University Park, Pa.: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1990); Luisa Quartermaine, ‘ “Slouching towards Rome”: Mussolini’s Imperial Vision’, in Tim Cornell and Kathryn Lomas (eds.),
Urban Society in Roman Italy
(London: University College London Press, 1995).

17.
Matthew P. Canepa,
The Two Eyes of the Earth: Art and Ritual of Kingship between Rome and Sasanian Iran
, ed. Peter Brown, vol. xlv, The Transformation of the Classical Heritage (Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 2009).

18.
J. H. Kautsky,
The Politics of Aristocratic Empires
(Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 1982); Shmuel Eisenstadt,
The Political Systems of Empires
(London: Free Press of Glencoe, 1963); Susan E. Alcock et al. (eds.),
Empires: Perspectives from Archaeology and History
(New York: Cambridge University Press, 2001); Ian Morris and Walter Scheidel (eds.),
The Dynamics of Early Empires: State Power from Assyria to Byzantium
(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009); Phiroze Vasunia, ‘The Comparative Study of Empires’,
Journal of Roman Studies
, 101 (2011); Peter Fibiger Bang and Christopher A. Bayly (eds.),
Tributary Empires in Global History
, Cambridge Imperial and Post-Colonial Studies Series (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2011); C. A. Bayly and P. F. Bang (eds.),
Tributary Empires in History: Comparative Perspectives from Antiquity to the Late Medieval
, special issue of
Medieval History Journal
, 6 (2003).

19.
V. I. Lenin,
Imperialism, the Highest Stage of Capitalism: A Popular Outline
(Moscow: Co-operative Publishing Society of Foreign Workers in the USSR, 1934).

20.
Nicole Brisch (ed.)
Religion and Power: Divine Kingship in the Ancient World and beyond
, Oriental Institute Seminars (Chicago: Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago, 2008).

CHAPTER 3

1.
Amanda Claridge,
Rome: An Oxford Archaeological Guide
, 2nd edn. (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010); Filippo Coarelli,
Rome and Environs: An Archaeological Guide
(Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press,
2007); J. C. N. Coulston and Hazel Dodge (eds.),
Ancient Rome: The Archaeology of the Eternal City
, Oxford University School of Archaeology Monographs (Oxford: Oxford University School of Archaeology, 2000).

2.
Pliny,
Natural History
36.109.

3.
Christopher Smith, ‘The Beginnings of Urbanization in Rome’, in Robin Osborne and Barry Cunliffe (eds.),
Mediterranean Urbanization 800–600
BC
, Proceedings of the British Academy
(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005).

4.
Anna Maria Bietti Sestieri,
The Iron Age Community of Osteria dell’Osa: A Study of Socio-political Development in Central Tyrrenian Italy
, New Studies in Archaeology (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993).

5.
Maria Eugenia Aubet,
The Phoenicians and the West: Politics, Colonies and Trade
, 2nd edn. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001); Gocha R. Tsetskhladze,
Greek Colonisation: An Account of Greek Colonies and Other Settlements Overseas
, 2 vols., Mnemosyne supplements (Leiden: Brill, 2006); John Boardman,
Greeks Overseas: Their Early Colonies and Trade
, 4th edn. (London: Thames and Hudson, 1999).

6.
David Ridgway,
The First Western Greeks
(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992).

7.
Corinna Riva,
The Urbanization of Etruria
(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010).

8.
Filippo Coarelli and Helen Patterson (eds.),
Mercator Placidissimus: The Tiber Valley in Antiquity: New Research in the Upper and Middle River Valley, Rome, 27–28 February 2004
, Quaderni di Eutopia (Rome: Quasar, 2008).

9.
Colin Renfrew and John F. Cherry (eds.),
Peer Polity Interaction and Socio-political Change
, New Directions in Archaeology (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986).

10.
Mauro Cristofani (ed.),
La grande Roma dei Tarquini: Roma, Palazzo delle esposizioni, 12 giugno—30 settembre 1990: Catalogo della mostra
(Rome: ‘L’Erma’ di Bretschneider, 1990).

11.
Nicholas Purcell, ‘Becoming Historical: The Roman Case’, in David Braund and Christopher Gill (eds.),
Myth, History and Culture in Republican Rome: Studies in Honour of T. P. Wiseman
(Exeter: University of Exeter Press, 2003).

12.
Jonathon H. C. Williams,
Beyond the Rubicon: Romans and Gauls in Northern Italy
, Oxford Classical Monographs (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001).

13.
Emma Dench,
From Barbarians to New Men: Greek, Roman and Modern Perceptions of Peoples of the Central Apennines
(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995).

14.
Ennius,
Annales
Fragment 156.

15.
Polybius,
Histories
3.22–6.

16.
Kurt Raaflaub, ‘Born to be Wolves? Origins of Roman Imperialism’, in Robert W. Wallace and Edward M. Harris (eds.),
Transitions to Empire: Essays in Greco-Roman History 360–146 B.C. in Honor of E. Badian
(Norman, Okla.: University of Oklahoma Press, 1996).

17.
Emilio Gabba,
Republican Rome: The Army and the Allies
(Oxford: Blackwell Publishers, 1976).

18.
G. E. M. de Sainte Croix,
The Class Struggle in the Ancient Greek World: From the Archaic Age to the Arab Conquests
(London: Duckworth, 1981).

CHAPTER 4

1.
Harry Hine, ‘Seismology and Vulcanology in Antiquity?’, in C. J. Tuplin and T. E. Rihll (eds.),
Science and Mathematics in Ancient Greek Culture
(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002); Lukas Thommen,
Umweltsgeschichte der Antike
(Munich: Verlag C. H. Beck, 2009).

2.
Pliny,
Natural History
36.125.

3.
Robert Sallares,
The Ecology of the Ancient Greek World
(London: Duckworth, 1991), chapter 1.

4.
Peter Garnsey,
Famine and Food Supply in the Greco-Roman World: Responses to Risk and Crisis
(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988), 8–16.

5.
André Tchernia,
Le Vin d’Italie romaine: Essai d’histoire économique d’après les amphores
, Bibliothèque des Écoles Françaises d’Athènes et de Rome (Rome: École Française de Rome, 1986); José María Blázquez Martinez and José Remesal Rodriguez (eds.),
Producción y commercio del aceite en la antiguëdad: Congreso I
(Madrid: Universidad Complutense, 1980); José María Blázquez Martinez and José Remesal Rodriguez (eds.),
Producción y commercio del aceite en la antiguëdad: Congreso II
(Madrid: Universidad Complutense, 1982).

6.
Paul Erdkamp,
The Grain Market in the Roman Empire: A Social, Political and Economic Study
(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005).

7.
David Mattingly, ‘First Fruit? The Olive in the Roman World’, in Graham Shipley and John Salmon (eds.),
Human Landscapes in Classical Antiquity: Environment and Culture
(London: Routledge, 1996).

8.
Anthony C. King, ‘Diet in the Roman World: A Regional Inter-site Comparison of the Mammal Bones’,
Journal of Roman Archaeology
, 12/1 (1999).

9.
Robert Sallares, ‘Ecology’, in Walter Scheidel, Ian Morris, and Richard P. Saller (eds.),
The Cambridge Economic History of the Greco-Roman World
(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007).

10.
Marshall Sahlins,
Stone Age Economics
(London: Routledge, 1974); William H. McNeill,
Plagues and Peoples
(Garden City, NY: Anchor Press/Doubleday, 1976); Paul A. Colinvaux,
Why Big Fierce Animals are Rare: An Ecologist’s Perspective
(Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1978).

11.
Barry Cunliffe,
Europe Between the Oceans: Themes and Variations, 9000
BC–AD
1000
(New Haven: Yale University Press, 2008).