Return to Winter: Russia, China, and the New Cold War Against America (45 page)

48
. Ibid.

49
. Hannah Beech, “How China Sees the World,”
Time
, June 17, 2013,
http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,2145062,00.html
.

50
. Kevin P. Gallagher, “Latin America Needs China to Help Close Infrastructure Gap,”
Beyond Brics
(blog),
Financial Times
, May 19, 2015,
http://blogs.ft.com/beyond-brics/2015/05/19/latin-america-needs-china-to-help-close-infrastructure-gap
.

51
. Andrew O’ Reilly, “Russia’s Growing Presence in Latin America Is Cause of Worry for U.S. And Its Allies,” Fox News Latino, March 25, 2015,
http://latino.foxnews.com/latino/news/2015/03/25/russia-growing-presence-in-latin-america-is-cause-worry-for-us-and-its-allies
.

52
. Ibid.

53
. Dmitri Trenin, “Putin’s Latin America Trip Aims to Show Russia Is More Than Just Regional Power,”
The Guardian
, July 15, 2014,
http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/jul/15/putin-latin-america-russia-power
.

54
. “China–Latin America Finance Database,” Inter-American Dialogue, accessed September 29, 2015.
http://thedialogue.org/map_list
.

55
. Jacob M. Schlesinger, Mitsuru Obe, and Mark Magnier, “TPP: Momentum on Trade Deal Bolsters U.S., Japan Efforts to Counter China,”
Wall Street Journal
, April 17, 2105,
http://www.wsj.com/articles/tpp-momentum-on-trade-deal-bolsters-u-s-japan-efforts-to-counter-china-1429249448
.

INTRODUCTION: WHILE AMERICA SLEPT

1
. David. M. Herszenhorn and Chris Buckley, “China’s New Leader, Visiting Russia, Promotes Nations’ Economic and Military Ties,”
New York Times
, March 22, 2013,
http://www.nytimes.com/2013/03/23/world/asia/xi-jinping-visits-russia-on-first-trip-abroad.html
.

2
. Ibid.

3
. “Russia Putin Meets With New Chinese Leader,” Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, November 19, 2013,
http://www.rferl.org/content/russi-china-xi-jinping-/24935553.html
.

4
. Herszenhorn and Buckley, “China’s New Leader.”

5
. Ibid.

6
. Ibid.

7
. Ibid.

8
. Joshua Kurlantzick, “A New Axis of Autonomy,”
Wall Street Journal
, March 29, 2013,
http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424127887324685104578388550346881268.html
.

9
. Bill Chappel, “Russia Vetoes U.N. Security Council Resolution on Crimea,” NPR, March 15, 2014,
http://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2014/03/15/290404691/russia-vetoes-u-n-security-council-resolution-on-crimea
.

10
. Richard Weiss, “Superpower Symbiosis: The Russia-China Axis,”
World Affairs
, November/December 2012,
http://www.worldaffairsjournal.org/article/superpower-symbiosis-russia-china-axis
.

11
. Luke Harding, “Syria Misses Chemical Weapons Deadline,”
The Guardian
, December 31, 2013,
http://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/dec/31/syria-misses-chemical-weapons-deadline
.

12
. Ibid.

13
. Carol Howard, “Forbes’ List of the World’s Most Powerful People, 2013 Edition,”
Daily Finance
, October 30, 2013,
http://www.dailyfinance.com/2013/10/30/worlds-most-powerful-people-2013-forbes/
.

14
. Josh Rogin, “U.S. Rations, Promised for Ukraine, Are Missing in Action,”
Daily Beast
, March 19, 2014,
http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2014/03/19/u-s-rations-promised-for-ukraine-missing-in-action.html
.

15
. Anne Applebaum, “Ukraine Shows the ‘Color Revolution’ Model Is Dead,”
Washington Post
, January 24, 2013,
http://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/anne-applebaum-ukraine-shows-the-color-revolution-model-is-dead/2014/01/24/c77d3ab0-8524-11e3-8099-9181471f7aaf_story.html
.

16
. Michael R. Gordon, “U.S. Says Russia Tested Missile, Despite Treaty,”
New York Tim
es, January 14, 2014,
http://www.nytimes.com/2014/01/30/world/europe/us-says-russia-tested-missile-despite-treaty.html
.

17
. Puppets Maidan, February 4, 2014,
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MSxaa-67yGM#t=89
.

18
. Alison Smale, “Leaked Recordings Lay Bare E.U. and U.S. Divisions in Goals for Ukraine,”
New York Times
, February 7, 2014,
http://www.nytimes.com/2014/02/08/world/europe/ukraine.html
.

19
. Ibid.

CHAPTER 1: THE NEW TERRAIN

1
. Jeremy Page, “For Xi, a ‘China Dream’ of Military Power,”
Wall Street Journal
, March 13, 2013,
http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424127887324128504578348774040546346.html
.

2
. Megan K. Stack, “Russia’s Putin Talks Tough on U.S. Missile Shield,”
Los Angeles Times
, December 30, 2009,
http://articles.latimes.com/2009/dec/30/world/la-fg-russia-nukes30-2009dec30
.

3
. “Romney Chides Obama for ‘Open Mic’ Slip With Russia’s Medvedev,” Fox News, October 23, 2012,
http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2012/10/23/flashback-romney-chides-obama-for-open-mic-slip-with-russia-medvedev/
.

4
. David K. Schneider, “The Shanghai Cooperation Organization,”
American Diplomacy
, September 2008,
http://www.unc.edu/depts/diplomat/item/2008/0709/comm/schneider_shanghai.html#_edn2
.

5
. Joshua Kucera, “Turkey Makes It Official With SCO,”
EurasiaNet
, April 28, 2013,
http://www.eurasianet.org/node/66896
.

6
. Andrew Scheineson, “The Shanghai Cooperation Organization,” Council on Foreign Relations, March 24, 2009,
http://www.cfr.org/international-peace-and-security/shanghai-cooperation-organization/p10883
.

7
. Ralph A. Cossa, “A Mild Chinese-Russian Affair,”
New York Times
, January 14, 1997,
http://www.nytimes.com/1997/01/14/opinion/14iht-edralph.t.html
.

8
. Gregory L. White and Paul Sonne, “As the Winter Olympics Open, Putin Showcases a Defiant Russia,”
Wall Street Journal
, February 7, 2014,
http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424052702304450904579364991108125598
.

9
. William C. Martel, “An Authoritarian Axis Rising?”
The Diplomat
, June 29, 2012,
http://thediplomat.com/2012/06/29/an-authoritarian-axis-rising/
.

10
. Sergei Lavrov, “Lavrov Outlines the Way Forward for Relations,”
China Daily
, April 4, 2014,
http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/world/2014-04/14/content_17433463.htm
.

11
. SIPRI Arms Transfers Database, “TIV of Arms Exports From the Top 10 Largest Exporters, 1991–2011” (generated June 14, 2012). The database can be accessed at
http://www.sipri.org/databases/armstransfers
. Dollar values are in constant 1990 USD.

12
. George L. Simpson Jr., “Iranian Reform and Stagnation: Russian and Chinese Support for Tehran,”
Middle East Quarterly
(Spring 2010): 65–66.

13
. John Bolton, “Abject Surrender by the United States,”
Weekly Standard
, November 24, 2013,
http://www.weeklystandard.com/print/blogs/abject-surrender-united-states_768140.html
.

14
. Jennifer Rubin, “Obama vs. America on Iran,”
Right Turn
(blog),
Washington Post
, January 28, 2014,
http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/right-turn/wp/2014/01/28/obama-vs-america-on-iran/
.

15
. Jay Solomon, Carol E. Lee, and Laurence Norman, “Iranian Nuclear Accord Advances,”
Wall Street Journal
, January 12, 2014,
http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424052702304549504579316643349109898
.

16
. Claudia Rosett, “The Iran–North Korea Axis of Proliferation,”
Forbes
, March 9, 2013,
http://www.forbes.com/sites/claudiarosett/2013/03/09/the-iran-north-korea-axis-of-proliferation/
.

17
. Liz Sodoti, “McCain Favors a ‘League of Democracies,’”
Washington Post
, April 30, 2007,
http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/04/30/AR2007043001402.html
.

18
. Vladimir A. Putin, “A Plea for Caution From Russia,”
New York Times
, September 11, 2013,
http://www.nytimes.com/2013/09/12/opinion/putin-plea-for-caution-from-russia-on-syria.html
.

19
. “West Using UN Probe in Syria Chemical Attack to Oust Assad: Russia,” Press TV, December 5, 2013,
http://www.presstv.ir/detail/2013/03/26/295228/west-using-syria-probe-to-topple-assad/
.

20
. Andre de Nesnera, “Russia Defends Arms Sales to Syria, Blasts US,” Voice of America, June 13, 2012,
http://www.voanews.com/content/russia_defends_arms_sale_to_syria_blasts_us/1210542.html
.

21
. Michael Martina, Sui-Lee Wee, and Ben Blanchard, “Syrian Opposition Group to Visit China Next Week,” Reuters, September 14, 2012,
http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/09/14/us-syria-crisis-china-idUSBRE88D09720120914
.

22
. James Clapper, “Unclassified Statement for the Record on the Worldwide Threat Assessment of the US Intelligence Community for the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence,” January 31, 2012,
http://www.intelligence.senate.gov/120131/clapper.pdf
.

23
. Julian E. Barnes and Siobhan Gorman, “U.S. Says Iran Hacked Navy Computers,”
Wall Street Journal
, September 27, 2013,
http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052702304526204579101602356751772.html
.

24
. Stack, “Russia’s Putin TalksTough on U.S. Missile Shield.”

25
. Jon Kyl, “America’s Nuclear Deterrent—and Defenses—Are Eroding Fast,”
Wall Street Journal
, March 21, 2013,
http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424127887323415304578370783312615740
.

26
. Stephen Harner, “The Xi-Putin Summit, China-Russian Strategic Partnership, and the Folly of Obama’s ‘Asian Pivot,’”
Forbes
, March 24, 2013,
http://www.forbes.com/sites/stephenharner/2013/03/24/the-xi-putin-summit-china-russian-strategic-partnership-and-the-failure-of-obamas-asian-pivot/
.

27
. All arms-transfer data is from the SIPRI Arms Transfers Database.

28
. David Lague, “Special Report: China’s Military Hawks Take the Offensive,” Reuters, January 17, 2013,
http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/01/17/us-china-hawks-idUSBRE90G00C20130117
.

29
. Peter. W. Singer, “Inside China’s Secret Arsenal,”
Popular Science
, December 20, 2102,
http://www.popsci.com/technology/article/2012-12/inside-chinas-secret-arsenal
.

30
. “China Warns Australia Against Military Pact With US,”
Economic Times
, November 17, 2011,
http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2011-11-17/news/30410218_1_defence-pact-china-and-india-canberra
.

31
. Robert D. Kaplan,
Asia’s Cauldron: The South China Sea and the End of a Stable Pacific
(New York: Random House, 2014), 35.

32
. Jane Perlez, “China and Russia, in a Display of Unity, Hold Naval Exercises,”
New York Times
, July 10, 2013,
http://www.nytimes.com/2013/07/11/world/asia/china-and-russia-in-a-display-of-unity-hold-naval-exercises.html
.

33
. Jeremy Page, “For Xi, a ‘China Dream’ of Military Power,”
Wall Street Journal
, March 13, 2013,
http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424127887324128504578348774040546346.html
.

34
. Ibid.

35
. Vladimir Putin, interview with Kevin Owen, “Putin: Using al-Qaeda in Syria Like Sending Gitmo Inmates to Fight,” RT, September 6, 2012,
http://rt.com/news/vladimir-putin-exclusive-interview-481/
.

36
. Eliot Cohen, “American Withdrawal and Global Disorder,”
Wall Street Journal
, March 19, 2013,
http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424127887324196204578300262454939952.html
.

37
. Jay Solomon, Carol E. Lee, and Laurence Norman, “Iranian Nuclear Accord Advances,”
Wall Street Journal
, January 13, 2014,
http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424052702304549504579316643349109898
.

38
. Lydia Polgreen, “Group of Emerging Nations Plans to Form Development Bank,”
New York Times
, March 26, 2013,
http://www.nytimes.com/2013/03/27/world/africa/brics-to-form-development-bank.html
.

39
. Vladimir Soldatkin, “In Moscow, New Chinese Leader Xi Warns Against Meddling,”
Chicago Tribune
, March 23, 2013,
http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2013-03-23/news/sns-rt-us-china-russia-moscowbre92m02f-20130323_1_russia-and-china-xi-russian-students
.

40
. Stephen Harner, “Xi-Putin Summit,”
Forbes
, March 24, 2013,
http://www.forbes.com/sites/stephenharner/2013/03/24/the-xi-putin-summit-china-russian-strategic-partnership-and-the-failure-of-obamas-asian-pivot/
.

41
. John McCain on
Face the Nation
, April 7, 2013,
http://www.cbsnews.com/news/face-the-nation-transcripts-april-7-2013-schumer-mccain-albright/
.

42
. “Bank of China Cuts Off N. Korea Bank Accused of Weapons Dealing,” Bloomberg News, May 7, 2013,
http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-05-07/bank-of-china-cuts-off-n-korea-bank-accused-of-weapons-dealing.html
.

43
. Elizabeth Dwoskin, “Hillary Clinton’s Business Legacy at the State Department,”
Bloomberg Businessweek
, January 10, 2013,
http://www.businessweek.com/articles/2013-01-10/hillary-clintons-business-legacy-at-the-state-department
.

44
. Aaron L Friedberg,
The Contest for Supremacy
(New York: W.W. Norton, 2011), 131.