Return to Winter: Russia, China, and the New Cold War Against America (49 page)

24
. O’Rourke, “China Naval Modernization.”

25
. “Annual Report to Congress: Military and Security Developments Involving the People’s Republic of China 2011” (report, U.S. Department of Defense, Office of the Secretary of Defense, May 2011), 46,
http://www.defense.gov/pubs/pdfs/2011_cmpr_final.pdf.

26
. Robert Kaplan, “Election 2012: The Pacific Century” (lecture, Center for a New American Security, April 18, 2012),
http://www.cnas.org/media-and-events/audio-and-video/video-election-2012-the-pacific-century
.

27
. “The People’s Liberation Army Navy: A Modern Navy With Chinese Characteristics” (report, Office of Naval Intelligence, August 2009),
https://www.fas.org/irp/agency/oni/pla-navy.pdf
.

28
. Beech, “How China Sees the World.”

29
. Gopal Ratnam and Neil Western, “Hagel to Meet Xi as China Vows No Compromising on Sea Disputes,”
Bloomberg Businessweek
, April 9, 2014,
http://www.businessweek.com/news/2014-04-08/china-says-it-can-t-be-contained-as-hagel-seeks-more-cooperation
.

30
. Figures from O’Rourke, “China Naval Modernization,” 18, 29, 31; chart original.

31
. Daniel Michaels, “Russian Air Power Makes a Splash at Paris Air Show,”
Wall Street Journal
, June 20, 2013,
http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424127887323300004578557371399157236.html
.

32
. Ibid.

33
. Vladimir Radyuhin, “Fifth Generation Fighter Crosses Milestone,”
The Hindu
, April 10, 2013,
http://www.thehindu.com/news/international/fifth-generation-fighter-crosses-milestone/article4602836.ece
.

34
. Michaels, “Russian Air Power Makes a Splash.”

35
. Charles Clover, “Russia: A Return to Arms,”
Financial Times
, October 1, 2013,
http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/82d3917e-2a80-11e3-8fb8-00144feab7de.html#axzz2gttUkQRU
.

36
. Ira Iosebashvili, “Putin, Citing NATO Shield, Vows More Defense Spending,”
Wall Street Journal
, February 21, 2012,
http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB30001424052970203358704577234960796991408
.

37
. Gleb Bryanski, “Russia’s Putin Calls for Stalin-Style ‘Leap Forward,’” Reuters, August 31, 2012,
http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/08/31/us-russia-putin-stalin-idUSBRE87U16420120831
.

38
. Richard Norton-Taylor, “Russia Overtakes UK and France in Global Arms Spending League Table,”
The Guardian
, April 16, 2012,
http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2012/apr/17/russia-overtakes-uk-france-arms
.

39
. Data from SIPRI Military Expenditure Project,
http://portal.sipri.org/publications/pages/expenditures/splash-expenditures
; chart original.

40
. Figures from the SIPRI Military Expenditure Database, Stockholm International Peace Research Institute,
http://milexdata.sipri.org/result.php4
.

41
. Military expenditures as a percentage of GDP, Google Public Data,
http://goo.gl/89oKdG
.

42
. Military expenditures as a percentage of central-government expenditure, Google Public Data,
http://goo.gl/9jiEal
.

43
. Jim Nichol, “Russian Military Reform and Defense Policy” (report for Congress, Congressional Research Service, August 24, 2011),
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/row/R42006.pdf
.

44
. Dale R. Herspring, “Russian Nuclear and Conventional Weapons: The Broken Relationship,” in
Russian Nuclear Weapons: Past, Present, and Future
, ed. Stephen J. Blank (Carlisle, PA: Strategic Studies Institute, U.S. Army War College, 2011), 2–6.

45
. Ibid., 6–8.

46
. Ibid., 9–10.

47
. Ibid., 22–23.

48
. Roger N. McDermott, “Russia’s Conventional Armed Forces: Reform and Nuclear Posture to 2020,” in
Russian Nuclear Weapons
, ed. Blank, 35.

49
. Pavel K. Baev, “Russian Military Perestroika” (paper, Center on the United States and Europe at Brookings, April 29, 2010),
http://goo.gl/J4qLFZ
.

50
. McDermott, 36.

51
. Ibid.

52
. Corey Flintoff, “Remaking Russia’s Military: Big Plans, Few Results,” NPR, March 7, 2012,
http://www.npr.org/2012/03/07/147595521/remaking-russias-military-big-plans-few-results
.

53
. Nichol, “Russian Military Reform and Defense Policy.”

54
. Ibid.

55
. Michael R. Gordon, “Russia Displays a New Military Prowess in Ukraine’s East,”
New York Times
, April 21, 2014,
http://www.nytimes.com/2014/04/22/world/europe/new-prowess-for-russians.html
.

56
. Mark Mazzetti, Eric Schmitt, and David. D. Kirkpatrick, “Benghazi Attack Called Avoidable in Senate Report,” January 15, 2014,
http://www.nytimes.com/2014/01/16/world/middleeast/senate-report-finds-benghazi-attack-was-preventable.html
.

57
. Mark Helprin, “Benghazi’s Portent and the Decline of U.S. Military Strength,”
Wall Street Journal
, April 9, 2013,
http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424127887324100904578401083677703420.html
.

58
. Caruba, “A Military in Decline.”

59
. Philip Ewing, “Chuck Hagel Warns: Troops Are Close to the ‘Breaking Point,’”
Politico
, July 23, 2013,
http://www.politico.com/story/2013/07/chuck-hagel-troops-close-breaking-point-94584.html#ixzz2bVSmYin8
.

60
. “Panetta Warns of ‘Disaster’ From Defense Cuts,” Fox News, June 13, 2012,
http://www.foxnews.com/us/2012/06/13/panetta-warns-disaster-from-defense-cuts/
.

61
. O’Rourke, “China Naval Modernization.”

62
. Christine A. Cleary, “Culture, Strategy, and Security,” in
China’s Nuclear Future
, ed. Paul Bolt and Albert Willner (London: Lynne Rienner, 2006), 14.

63
. “Annual Report to Congress, Military and Security Developments Involving the People’s Republic of China 2012.”

64
. Patrick M. Cronin, “Cooperation From Strength: The United States, China, and the South China Sea” (report, Center for a New American Security, January 2012),
http://www.cnas.org/files/documents/publications/CNAS_CooperationFromStrength_Cronin_1.pdf
.

65
. Spencer Swartz and Shai Oster, “China Tops U.S. in Energy Use,”
Wall Street Journal
, July 18, 2010,
http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748703720504575376712353150310.html
.

66
. Ibid.

67
. “US-China Spat Over South China Sea Military Exercises,” BBC News, July 11, 2011,
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-pacific-14097503
. See also Mark Landler, “Obama Expresses Support for Philippines in China Rift,”
New York Times
, June 8, 2012,
http://www.nytimes.com/2012/06/09/world/asia/obama-shows-support-for-philippines-in-china-standoff.html
.

68
. “Annual Report to Congress, Military and Security Developments Involving the People’s Republic of China 2012.”

69
. Zhao Shengnan and Cai Hong, “Japan’s New Helicopter Ship Called ‘Military Buildup,’”
China Daily USA
, July 7, 2013,
http://usa.chinadaily.com.cn/epaper/2013-08/07/content_16877272.htm
.

70
. Private communication with Professor Hugh White, October 28, 2013.

71
. Robert Kaplan, “Election 2012: The Pacific Century” (lecture).

72
. Ibid.

73
. “Russia’s First Mistral-Class Ship Stern Launched,” RT, June 26, 2013,
http://rt.com/news/mistral-ship-stern-russia-261/
.

74
. David Pugliese, “France Backtracks on Threat to Cancel Mistral-Class Ship Deal With Russia,”
Defence Watch
(blog),
Ottawa Citizen
, March 20, 2014,
http://blogs.ottawacitizen.com/2014/03/20/france-backtracks-on-threat-to-cancel-mistral-class-ship-deal-with-russia/
.

75
. “Arctic Map Shows Dispute Hotspots,” BBC News, August 5, 2008,
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/staging_site/in_depth/the_green_room/7543837.stm
.

76
. Andrew E. Kramer, “Warming Revives Dream of Sea Route in Russian Arctic,”
New York Times
, October 7, 2011,
http://www.nytimes.com/2011/10/18/business/global/warming-revives-old-dream-of-sea-route-in-russian-arctic.html
.

77
. Katia Moskvitch, “Glonass: Has Russia’s Sat-Nav System Come of Age?” BBC News, April 2, 2010,
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8595704.stm
.

78
. Richard Halloran, “AirSea Battle,”
AirForce Magazine
, August 2010,
http://www.airforcemag.com/MagazineArchive/Pages/2010/August2010/0810battle.aspx
.

79
. Kate Brannen and Dave Majumdar, “Pentagon Outlines 2013 Budget Cuts,”
Defense News
, January 26, 2012,
http://www.defensenews.com/article/20120126/DEFREG02/301260008/Pentagon-Outlines-2013-Budget-Cuts
.

80
. David Alexander, “U.S. Rebalance to Asia-Pacific Gaining Steam, Pentagon Chief Says,” Reuters, June 1, 2013,
http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/06/01/us-security-asia-usa-idUSBRE95002820130601
.

81
. Sydney J. Freedberg Jr., “‘Is China Enemy No. 1?’ Debate Erupts at Marine War Game,”
Breaking Defense
, March 5, 2012,
http://breakingdefense.com/2012/03/05/marines-debate-is-china-enemy-no-1/
.

82
. Ira Iosebashvili, “Putin, Citing NATO Shield, Vows More Defense Spending.”

83
. John Roberts, “Exclusive: Drones Vulnerable to Terrorist Hijacking, Researchers Say,” Fox News, June 25, 2012,
http://www.foxnews.com/tech/2012/06/25/drones-vulnerable-to-terrorist-hijacking-researchers-say/
.

84
. Carlo Kopp, “The Impact of Russian High Technology Weapons: Transforming the Strategic Balance in Asia,”
Air Power Australia
, December 12, 2008,
http://www.ausairpower.net/APA-2008-09.html
.

85
. Amnon Barzilai, “Defense Establishment Favors Rafael Tank Protection System,”
Globes
, August 30, 2006,
http://www.globes.co.il/serveen/globes/docview.asp?did=1000127813
.

86
. Isabel Kershner, “Israel Says It Seized Iranian Shipment of Rockets Headed for Gaza,”
New York Times
, March 5, 2014,
http://www.nytimes.com/2014/03/06/world/middleeast/israel-says-it-seized-iranian-shipment-of-rockets-headed-for-gaza.html
.

87
. Dominic Perry, “Syria Confirms Shooting Down of Turkish F-4 Phantom,”
Flightglobal
, June 23, 2012,
http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/syria-confirms-shooting-down-of-turkish-f-4-phantom-373342/
.

88
. Chris Buckley, “As Rover Lands, China Joins Moon Club,”
New York Times
, December 14, 2013,
http://www.nytimes.com/2013/12/15/world/asia/china-lands-probe-on-the-moon-report-says.html

89
. Ibid.

90
. “Satellite Test Sparks Overblow Worries,”
Global Times
, January 6, 2013,
http://www.globaltimes.cn/content/753925.shtml
.

91
. Yousaf Butt, “Satellite Laser Ranging in China” (technical working paper, Union of Concerned Scientists, January 8, 2007),
http://www.ucsusa.org/nuclear_weapons_and_global_security/space_weapons/technical_issues/chinese-lasers-and-us.html
.

92
. Marc Kaufman and Dafra Linzer, “China Criticized for Anti-Satellite Missile Test,”
Washington Post
, January 19, 2007,
http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/01/18/AR2007011801029.html
.

93
. Ibid.

94
. Bill Gertz, “China Launches Three ASAT Satellites,”
Washington Free Beacon
, August 26, 2013,
http://freebeacon.com/china-launches-three-asat-satellites/
.

95
. Kaufman and Linzer, “China Criticized for Anti-Satellite Missile Test.”

96
. Ewan MacAskill, “Western Protests Flood In Over Chinese Satellite Killer,”
The Guardian
, January 19, 2007,
http://www.guardian.co.uk/science/2007/jan/20/spaceexploration.china1
.

97
. Ian Easton, “The Great Game in Space” (paper, Project 2049 Institute, June 24, 2009),
http://project2049.net/documents/china_asat_weapons_the_great_game_in_space.pdf
.

98
. Gingrich, “Losing the War.”

99
. Ibid.

100
. Helprin, “Benghazi’s Portent and the Decline of U.S. Military Strength.”

CHAPTER 5: NUCLEAR SECURITY

1
. Bill Gertz, “Russia Conducts Test of New ICBM Designed to Defeat U.S. Defenses,”
Washington Free Beacon
, June 7, 2013,
http://freebeacon.com/russia-conducts-test-of-new-icbm-designed-to-defeat-u-s-defenses/
.

2
. Helprin, “Benghazi’s Portent and the Decline of U.S. Military Strength.”

3
. David Keyes, “How Iran, Putin, and Assad Outwitted America,”
Daily Beast
, January 16, 2014,
http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2014/01/16/how-iran-putin-and-assad-outwitted-america.html
.

4
. Bill Gertz, “Armed Services Subcommittee Chair: Missile Defense Modernization Needed,”
Washington Free Beacon
, August 13, 2013,
http://freebeacon.com/armed-services-subcommittee-chair-missile-defense-modernization-needed/
.

5
. “North Korea Vows Nuclear Attack on US, Saying Washington Will Be ‘Engulfed in a Sea of Fire,’” Fox News, March 7, 2013,
http://www.foxnews.com/world/2013/03/07/north-korea-vows-nuclear-attack-on-us-ahead-un-sanctions-vote/#ixzz2dOCtiMCt
.

6
. Tom Miles, “North Korea Threatens ‘Final Destruction’ of South Korea in UN Debate,” NBC News, February 19, 2013,
http://worldnews.nbcnews.com/_news/2013/02/19/17016501-north-korea-threatens-final-destruction-of-south-korea-in-un-debate?lite
.

7
. Chris Lawrence, “U.S. to Beef Up Missile Defense Against North Korea, Iran,” CNN, March 16, 2013,
http://www.cnn.com/2013/03/15/us/north-korea-missile-defense
.

8
. “US Drops Key European Missile Defense Component,” RT, March 16, 2013,
http://rt.com/news/us-cancels-missile-interceptors-350/
.

9
. David E. Sanger and Peter Baker, “Obama Limits When U.S. Would Use Nuclear Arms,”
New York Times
, April 5, 2010,
http://www.nytimes.com/2010/04/06/world/06arms.html
.

10
. Bill Gertz, “Obama to Announce Major US Nuclear Force Cuts Soon,” Newsmax, December 12, 2013,
http://www.newsmax.com/Newsfront/obama-nuclear-arsenal-cuts/2013/05/15/id/504736

11
. Larry Bell, “Indefensible Policies: Our Commander-in-Chief Retreats as Putin’s Missile Programs Advance,”
Forbes
, July 14, 2013,
http://www.forbes.com/sites/larrybell/2013/07/14/indefensible-policies-our-commander-in-chief-retreats-as-putins-missile-programs-advance/
.

12
. Ibid.

13
. Mark W. Davis, “Why President Obama’s Nuclear Weapons Policy Is Dangerous,”
US News & World Report, April 27, 2012
,
http://www.usnews.com/opinion/blogs/mark-davis/2012/04/27/why-president-obamas-nuclear-weapons-policy-is-dangerous
.

14
. Sanger and Baker, “Obama Limits When U.S. Would Use Nuclear Arms.”

15
. Ibid.

16
. Trent Franks, “New START Treaty Fails America,” press release, December 2, 2011,
http://franks.house.gov/press-release/new-start-treaty-fails-america
.

17
. “Russia: Putin Praises Arms Treaty,” Reuters, December 29, 2010,
http://www.nytimes.com/2010/12/30/world/europe/30briefs-Russiabrf.html
.

18
. Andrew E. Kramer, “Russia Approves Arms Treaty,
New York Times
, January 26, 2011,
http://www.nytimes.com/2011/01/27/world/europe/27start.html
.

19
. Steven Pifer, “The Russian Arms Control Agenda After New START,” in
Russia and the Current State of Arms Control
, ed. Stephen J. Blank (Carlisle, PA: Strategic Studies Institute, U.S. Army War College, 2012), 66–80.

20
. Ed Fueulner, “Stop the New START,”
Washington Times
, June 9, 2010,
http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2010/jun/9/stop-the-new-start/
.

21
. Walter Pincus, “Russian Tactical Nuclear Weapons Still an Issue After START Treaty Ratification,”
Washington Post
, December 27, 2010,
http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/12/27/AR2010122702931.html
.

22
. Carla Garrison, “New START Treaty: Victory for Russia, Bad Strategy for U.S.,”
Truth Be Told
(blog),
Washington Times
, January 26, 2011,
http://communities.washingtontimes.com/neighborhood/truth-be-told/2011/jan/6/new-start-treaty-victory-russia-bad-strategy-us/
.

23
. Michael R. Gordon, “U.S. Says Russia Tested Missile, Despite Treaty,”
New York Times
, January 29, 2014,
http://www.nytimes.com/2014/01/30/world/europe/us-says-russia-tested-missile-despite-treaty.html
.

24
. Michaela Dodge, “Despite Arms Reduction Treaty, Russia Is Increasing Its Nuclear Capability,”
The Foundry
(blog), Heritage Foundation, October 10, 2012,
http://blog.heritage.org/2012/10/10/despite-arms-reduction-treaty-russia-is-increasing-its-nuclear-capability/
.

25
. Adam Entous and Julian E. Barnes, “U.S. to Propose New Phase in Nuclear-Arms Cuts,”
Wall Street Journal
, June 19, 2013,
http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424127887324520904578554010643116452
.

26
. “Transcript of Obama’s Speech in Berlin,”
Wall Street Journal
, June 19, 2103,
http://blogs.wsj.com/washwire/2013/06/19/transcript-of-obamas-speech-in-berlin/
.

27
. Raf Sanchez, “Barack Obama Weighs Major Cuts to US Nuclear Arsenal,”
The Telegraph
, February 14, 2012,
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/barackobama/9083148/Barack-Obama-weighs-major-cuts-to-US-nuclear-arsenal.html
.

28
. Daniel Wasserbly, “Hagel: US Nuclear Triad, Modernisation Would Continue amid Reductions,”
IHS Jane’s Defence Weekly
, June 19, 2013,
http://www.janes.com/article/23436/hagel-us-nuclear-triad-modernisation-would-continue-amid-reductions
.

29
. Gertz, “Obama to Announce Major US Nuclear Force Cuts Soon.”

30
. Jon Kyl, “America’s Nuclear Deterrent—and Defenses—Are Eroding Fast,”
Wall Street Journal
, March 21, 2013,
http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424127887323415304578370783312615740.html
.

31
. Entous and Barnes, “U.S. to Propose New Phase in Nuclear-Arms Cuts.”

32
. “Obama in Berlin, Calls for Huge Cuts in Nuclear Arsenal,” Associated Press, June 19, 2013,
http://www.newsmax.com/Newsfront/obama-nuclear-arsenalcuts/2013/06/19/id/510646
.

33
. Paul McLeary, “Obama Sparks New Fight in Seeking Huge Nuke Reductions, Defense News,”
Defense News
, June 19, 2013,
http://www.defensenews.com/article/20130619/DEFREG02/306190023/Obama-Sparks-New-Fight-Seeking-Huge-Nuke-Reductions
.

34
. John R. Bolton and Paula A. Desutter, “Russian Roulette,”
Foreign Policy
, August 6, 2013,
http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2013/06/21/russian_roulette_obama_nukes_john_bolton
.

35
. Ibid.

36
. Letter to President Obama from the Center for Security Policy, February 22, 2013,
http://www.centerforsecuritypolicy.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/Letter-to-Obama-on-Nuclear-Cuts-22213.pdf
.

37
. Matthew Kroenig, “The Case for Overkill,”
Foreign Policy
, June 20, 2013,
http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2013/06/19/the_case_for_overkill
. See also Matthew Kroenig, “Nuclear Superiority and the Balance of Resolve: Explaining
Nuclear Crisis Outcomes” (paper, International Organization, August 21, 2011),
http://www.matthewkroenig.com/resources/Publications/Nuclear-Superiority.pdf
.

38
. Charles Clover and Geoff Dyer, “Russia Turns Up the Nuclear Rhetoric,”
Financial Times
, May 24, 2012,
http://www.ft.com/cms/s/2/698334c8-a4d9-11e1-9908-00144feabdc0.html#axzz1vv2qAfyr
.

39
. Bell, “Indefensible Policies: Our Commander-in-Chief Retreats.”

40
. Bettina Renz and Rod Thornton, “Russian Military Modernization: Cause, Course, and Consequence,”
Problems of Post-Communism
, January/February 2012,
http://www.academia.edu/1473381/Russian_Military_Modernization_Cause_Course_and_Consequences
.

41
. “Russia to Upgrade Nuclear Systems,” BBC News, September 26, 2008,
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/7638356.stm
.

42
. “Russia Speeds Up Upgrading Strategic Nuclear Forces,” Xinhua, November 20, 2012,
http://www.globaltimes.cn/content/745459.shtml
.

43
. Bill Gertz, “Russia Launched Massive Nuclear Drill, Pentagon Alarmed,”
Washington Times
, March 5, 2013,
http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2013/mar/5/russians-launched-massive-nuclear-drill-sounded-al
.

44
. Bill Gertz, “Inside the Ring: Russia Builds Up, U.S. Down,”
Washington Times
, May 1, 2013,
http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2013/may/1/inside-the-ring-russia-builds-up-us-down/
.

45
. Ibid.

46
. Baker Spring and Michaela Bendikova, “The United States Must Not Concede the Russia Position on Tactical Nuclear Weapons” (WebMemo #3491, Heritage Foundation, February 8, 2012),
http://www.heritage.org/research/reports/2012/02/us-strategy-on-russias-tactical-nuclear-weapons#_ftn2
.

47
. Jacob Kipp, “Russian Doctrine on Tactical Nuclear Weapons: Contexts, Prisms, and Connections,” in
Tactical Nuclear Weapons and NATO
, ed. Tom Nichols, Douglas Stuart, and Jeffrey D. McCausland (Carlisle, PA: Strategic Studies Institute, U.S. Army War College, 2012), 121,
http://www.strategicstudiesinstitute.army.mil/pdffiles/PUB1103.pdf
.

48
. Leonid Polyakov, “Aspects of the Current Russian Perspective on Tactical Nuclear Weapons,” in Nichols, Stuart, and McCausland,
Tactical Nuclear Weapons and NATO
, 162.

49
. Joshua Keating, “So Much for the Budapest Memorandum,”
Slate
, March 19, 2014,
http://www.slate.com/blogs/the_world_/2014/03/19/the_budapest_memorandum_in_1994_russia_agreed_to_respect_ukraine_s_borders.html
.

50
. “Sichuan Earthquake,”
New York Tim
es, May 6, 2009,
http://topics.nytimes.com/top/news/science/topics/earthquakes/sichuan_province_china/index.html
.

51
. Wu Weilin, “Nuclear Explosion Occurred Near Epicenter of the Sichuan Earthquake, Expert Says,”
Epoch Times
, June 3, 2008,
http://www.theepochtimes.com/news/8-6-3/71353.html
.

52
. Phillip A. Karber, “Strategic Implications of China’s Underground Great Wall” (paper, Georgetown University, September 26, 2011),
http://www.fas.org/nuke/guide/china/Karber_UndergroundFacilities-Full_2011_reduced.pdf
.

53
. Viktor Yesin, “Third After the U.S. and Russia,” VPK News, May 2, 2012,
http://vpk-news.ru/articles/8838
.

54
. Ibid.

55
. Michael Richardson, “China’s Nuclear Program Still Shrouded in Secrecy,”
Japan Times
, May 23, 2013,
http://www.japantimes.co.jp/opinion/2013/05/23/commentary/chinas-nuclear-program-still-shrouded-in-secrecy/
.

56
. Ibid.

57
. “China Builds Underground ‘Great Wall’ Against Nuke Attack,”
Chosun Ilbo
, December 14, 2009,
http://english.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2009/12/14/2009121400292.html
.

58
. Richardson, “China’s Nuclear program Still Shrouded in Secrecy.”

59
. Ibid.

60
. Ibid.

61
. Bell, “Indefensible Policies: Our Commander-in-Chief Retreats.”

62
. Jessica Elgot, “Israel’s Benjamin Netanyahu Draws Cartoon Bomb at UN General Assembly to Illustrate Iran Nuclear Threat (PICTURES),”
Huffington Post UK
, August 28, 2012,
http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/2012/09/27/israel-benjamin-netanyahu-bomb-cartoon-un-iran_n_1920495.html
.

63
. Ibid.

64
. “Iran FM Says Construction Will Continue at Contested Arak Nuclear Reactor Site, Testing Limits of Deal,” CBS News, November 27, 2013,
http://www.cbsnews.com/news/iran-says-work-to-continue-at-arak-nuclear-reactor-site/
.

65
Tom Cohen, “Iranian Official on Nuke Deal: ‘We Did Not Agree to Dismantle Anything,’” CNN,
http://www.cnn.com/2014/01/22/politics/iran-us-nuclear/
.

66
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http://www.upi.com/Top_News/World-News/2013/11/17/Report-Israel-Saudis-working-on-Iran-strike-plans/UPI-63251384690743/
.

67
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USA Today
, June 17, 2013,
http://www.usatoday.com/story/opinion/2013/06/17/iran-election-matthew-kroenig-editorials-debates/2432961/
.

68
. Gertz, “Armed Services Subcommittee Chair: Missile Defense Modernization Needed.”

69
. “Rouhani Says Netanyahu Threats Over Nuclear Program Are Laughable,”
Jerusalem Post
, July 17, 2013,
http://www.jpost.com/Middle-East/Irans-Rouhani-bids-support-of-Syrian-Hezbollah-efforts-against-Israel-320100
.

70
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71
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http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/nuke/RL34248.pdf
.

72
. Bill Gertz, “China, Pakistan Reach Secret Nuclear Reactor Deal for Pakistan,”
Washington Free Beacon
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http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2013/mar/21/china-pakistan-reach-secret-reactor-deal-pakistan/#ixzz2d057SmEe
.

73
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http://www.foxnews.com/opinion/2010/03/17/gordon-g-chang-iran-pakistan-china-dr-khan/
.