Return of a King: The Battle For Afghanistan (87 page)
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Authors: William Dalrymple
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| 17 | BL, OIOC, ESL 75: no. 37 of no. 34 of 22 April 1841 (IOR/L/PS/5/156), Aktar Khan’s address to Naboo Khan Populzye, and forwarded by that Chief to Ata Mahomed Khan (Sirdar), who transmitted it to Candahar. Translated by H. Rawlinson, February 1841. |
| 18 | Stocqueler, The Memoirs and Correspondence of Sir William Nott , vol. I, pp. 272–3. |
| 19 | Rawlinson, A Memoir of Major-General Sir Henry Creswicke Rawlinson , p. 81. |
| 20 | BL, OIOC, ESL 81: no. 64a of no. 109 (IOR/L/PS/5/162), Extract from a letter from Macnaghten to Rawlinson dated about 2 August 1841. |
| 21 | Colonel (John) Haughton, Char-ee-Kar and Service There with the 4th Goorkha Regiment, Shah Shooja’s Force, in 1841 , London, 1878, pp. 5–6; George Pottinger, The Afghan Connection: The Extraordinary Adventures of Eldred Pottinger , Edinburgh, 1983, p. 117. |
| 22 | BL, OIOC, ESL 88: no. 47a of no. 32 of 17 August 1842 (IOR/L/PS/5/169), Pottinger to Maddock, 1 February 1842. |
| 23 | Kashmiri, Akbarnama , ch. 21. |
| 24 | BL, OIOC, Board’s Collections of Secret Letters to India, 13, Secret Committee to Governor General in Council, 694/31 December 1840. |
| 25 | Burnes to Wood, February 1841, in John Wood, A Personal Narrative of a Journey to the Source of the River Oxus by the Route of the Indus, Kabul and Badakshan, Performed under the Sanction of the Supreme Government of India, in the Years 1836, 1837 and 1838, London, 1841, pp. ix–x. |
| 26 | NAI, Foreign, Secret Consultations, 28 September 1842, nos 43, Burnes to Holland, 6 September 1840. |
| 27 | NAI, Foreign, Secret Consultations, 28 September 1842, no. 37–38, A. Burnes to J. Burnes. |
| 28 | Norris, First Afghan War , p. 317. For the cost of the Afghan War to the Company economy see also Yapp, Strategies , pp. 339–42; Shah Mahmood Hanifi, ‘Impoverishing a Colonial Frontier: Cash, Credit, and Debt in Nineteenth-Century Afghanistan’, Iranian Studies , vol. 37, no. 2 (June 2004); and Shah Mahmood Hanifi, Connecting Histories in Afghanistan: Market Relations and State Formation on a Colonial Frontier , Stanford, 2011. See also Hopkins, The Making of Modern Afghanistan , pp. 25–30. |
| 29 | Yapp, Strategies , p. 341. |
| 30 | BL, OIOC, IOR/HM/534–45, Papers Connected to Sale’s Brigade, vol. 39, Nicholls Papers and Nicholls’s Journal, 26 March 1841. |
| 31 | National Army Museum, NAM, 1999–02–116–9–1, Magrath Letters, Letter 8 and 9, Cantonment Caubul, 21 May and 22 June 1841. |
| 32 | Lady Florentia Sale, A Journal of the Disasters in Affghanistan 1841–2 , London 1843, p. 29. |
| 33 | Broadfoot, The Career of Major George Broadfoot , p. 14. |
| 34 | Ibid., pp. 15–17. |
| 35 | Ibid., p. 8. |
| 36 | Ibid., p. 121. |
| 37 | Mackenzie, Storms and Sunshine , vol. I, p. 99. |
| 38 | Broadfoot, The Career of Major George Broadfoot , p. 20. |
| 39 | Mackenzie, Storms and Sunshine , vol. I, p. 99. |
| 40 | NAI, Foreign, Secret Consultations, 25 January 1841, nos 80–82, Translation of a letter from His Majesty Shah Shooja ool Moolk to Her Majesty the Queen of England. |
| 41 | Lawrence, Reminiscences of Forty Three Years in India , p. 54. |
| 42 | Yapp, Strategies , p. 315. |
| 43 | Waqi’at-i-Shah Shuja , pp. 124–5, The Thirty-Fifth Event. |
| 44 | Fayz Mohammad, Siraj ul-Tawarikh , vol. I, pp. 244–5. |
| 45 | Mohan Lal, Life of Dost Mohammad , vol. II, p. 387. |
| 46 | Kaye, Lives of Indian Officers , vol. II, p. 286. |
| 47 | For the degree to which Afghan debts endangered the financial underpinnings of the East India Company, see Hanifi, Connecting Histories in Afghanistan , and Shah Mahmoud Hanifi, ‘Inter-regional Trade and Colonial State Formation in Nineteenth Century Afghanistan’, unpublished PhD dissertation, University of Michigan, 2001. |
| 48 | David, Victoria’s Wars , p. 45. |
| 49 | Quoted in Macrory, Signal Catastrophe , p. 138. |
| 50 | BL, OIOC, ESL 81 (IOR/L/PS/5/162), Extract from a letter from Macnaghten to Auckland, dated Cabool, 28 August 1841. |
| 51 | Mackenzie, Storms and Sunshine , vol. I, p. 96. |
| 52 | BL, OIOC, ESL 88: no. 24 of no. 32, dated 17 August 1842 (IOR/L/PS/5/169), Mohan Lal’s Memo. |
| 53 | Barfield, ‘Problems of Establishing Legitimacy in Afghanistan’, p. 273; also Barfield, Afghanistan: A Cultural and Political History , p. 120; Hanifi, ‘Inter-Regional Trade and Colonial State Formation in Nineteenth Century Afghanistan’, p. 58. |
| 54 | Mohan Lal, Life of Dost Mohammad , vol. II, p. 319. |
| 55 | Ibid., p. 381. |
| 56 | Waqi’at-i-Shah Shuja , pp. 131–2, The Thirty-Fifth Event. |
| 57 | Kashmiri, Akbarnama , ch. 21. |
| 58 | BL, OIOC, Mss Eur F89/54, Extract of a letter from Asst. Surgeon Campbell in Medical Charge of the 54th N.I., dated Cabool, 26 July 1841. |
| 59 | Pottinger, The Afghan Connection , p. 120. |
| 60 | BL, OIOC, Mss Eur F89/3/7, Broadfoot to W. Elphinstone. |
| 61 | Broadfoot, The Career of Major George Broadfoot , pp. 26–8. |
| 62 | BL, OIOC, Mss Eur F89/54, Captain Broadfoot’s Report. |
| 63 | Macrory, Signal Catastrophe , pp. 141–2. |
| 64 | Seaton, From Cadet to Colonel , p. 138. |
| 65 | Gleig, Sale’s Brigade in Afghanistan , p. 80. |
| 66 | BL, OIOC, ESL 81: no. 10 of no. 109 of 22 December 1841 (IOR/L/PS/5/162), Macnaghten to Maddock, 26 October 1841. |
| 67 | Sale, A Journal of the Disasters in Afghanistan , p.11. |
| 68 | Quoted in Macrory, Signal Catastrophe , p. 149. |
| 69 | Seaton, From Cadet to Colonel , p. 149. |
| 70 | Sale, A Journal of the Disasters in Afghanistan , p. 15. |
| 71 | Gleig, Sale’s Brigade in Afghanistan , p. 93. |
| 72 | Sale, A Journal of the Disasters in Afghanistan , p. 20. |
| 73 | Ibid., p. 24. |
| 74 | Durand, The First Afghan War and its Causes , p. 338. |
| 75 | National Army Museum, NAM 1999–02–116–10–4, Magrath Letters, Camp Tezeen 25 October 1841. |
| 76 | Sale, A Journal of the Disasters in Afghanistan , p. 25. |
| 77 | Seaton, From Cadet to Colonel , p. 157. |
| 78 | Ibid., pp. 156–7. |
| 79 | Gleig, Sale’s Brigade in Afghanistan , p. 118. |
| 80 | Seaton, From Cadet to Colonel , p. 165. |
| 81 | NAI, Foreign, Secret Consultations, 13 December 1841, nos 1–2, Sale to Nicholls, 13 November 1841. |
| 82 | Quoted in Hopkirk, The Great Game , p. 238. |
| 83 | Stocqueler, The Memoirs and Correspondence of Sir William Nott , vol. I, pp. 35–9. |
| 84 | Ibid., vol. I, pp. 350, 360. |
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