Progressive Muslims: On Justice, Gender and Pluralism (68 page)

nationalism 47, 101

Arab 53, 102 necessity, doctrine of 37

neo-conservatives, jurisprudence and 165–7, 172–5

Progressive critique 180

New Religious America, A
263

see also
Europe, Islamic influences on; United States of America; Western World

oil production 54, 64 (8)

Oman 48

oneness with God
(tawhid)
in democratically structured form 303

Opening the Gates
242 oppositional dialectics ethics and 324–5

globalization and environment 331–2 Islam without borders and 327

Palestinian/Israeli relations 328–30 negative tropes of Other and 321–3 pluralism and 325–7

gender justice 330–1

“us” and “them” impulse 36 oppression and exploitation 81

imperialist, in Egypt 289 orientalism 45, 68 (40), 138

“Orthodoxy”, the term 126 (2)

Osama bin Laden 61, 83

fundamentalist rhetoric 87–8 “Other”
see
oppositional dialectics Ottoman Empire 51, 52

political response to reform 289 ownership (
milk
) 165

Pakistan 4, 49, 225

Palestinian–Israeli relations 94 (19), 264–5 opposition dialectics and 328–30

pamphlet Islam 22–3, 143 (14)

Pamuk, Orhan 113

“Participation of Islamists in Non-Islamic Government, The” (quoted) 325

patriarchy 44, 125, 156

Qur’anic analysis and 246 (23)

sexual ethics 191–2, 226–7 peace

injustice and 81–2 rooted in justice 24–6

uncritiqued 25–6, 81–2, 84–5

personification and cocoon theories of civilization 102–6

Phillipines 328

pilgrimage, Wahhabism and 53 pluralism 11–15

definitions 251–2

difference
(ikhtilaf)
and 295 Islamic early history and

forgiveness exemplified 255–7

Qur’anic revelation 252–5 Islamic isolation and 325–7

Islam bi la Hudud
327–8 the modern world and 258–60

Wilfred Cantwell Smith 260–1 September 11, effect on interfaith dialogue

261–4

need for pluralism 264–7 tolerance and 23–4

see also
democracy in Islam

PMN
(
Progressive Muslim Network) 80 political interests

al-Afghani and 290

colonialism and 62

Divine arbitration, human judgement and 293–4

moral values and 43–4, 62

Salafism 57

oppositional dialectics and 323–5 radical 299–300, 304 (2), 320–2

propaganda 313–14

responses to Ottoman and Qajar reform 289

sexuality and 191

Wahhabism and 53, 289–9

polygamy 176–7

post-colonialism
see
colonialism and imperialism

post-modernity 27 (6), 117

feminism and 154

prayer, variations of practice 116 Progressive Islam

Declaration document 80–2

definition 78–80

uncritiqued “peace” discourse and 84–5

see also
Progressive Muslims “Progressive Islam – A Definition and

Declaration” 80–2

Progressive Muslim Network (PMN) 80 Progressive Muslims

on apologetics 20–3

beliefs and identity 2–7, 17–18

books on 337–8

and news sources 339 concerns and agenda 7–9

justice 9–11

peace 24–6

tolerance 23–4

on globalization and environment 331–2 world order 92

Islam Without Borders
(Islam bi la Hudud)

327–8

on pluralism 11–15, 325–7

on reformation and schism 15–17 revivalism, strategies for understanding

314–18

on September 11 and U.S. policy 85–7

see also
Progressive Islam “progressive”, the term 17–18, 78–80 prohibitions and controls

imposed upon women 75 (101)

Wahhabism and 53

Prophet and Rightly Guided Caliphate period 53–4, 55, 286–7

public interest 56

punishments for homosexuality fundamentalist movements and 225 juridical discourse and 215–19, 220, 222–4

puritanism
see
literalist-exclusivists; supremacist puritanism

al-Qadiri 258

al-Qaeda 48, 49, 89

Qajar Empire 289

Qaramitah 48

al-Qastalani, Shihab al-Din 51 Qubt, Sayyid 70 (60), 290 “queer”, the term 199–200 “
Qur’an
”, the term 124 Qur’an, analyses

relating to human agency 202 non-patriarchal 203

relating to patriarchy 246 (23) relating to race and ethnicity 274–5 relating to revelation 253–5

relating to sexuality

classical, transgression and homosexuality 204–5

comparisons through “water” example 208, 229 (3)

diversity addressed 193, 194–7, 200–3 semantic, transgression and alienation

from God 205–7

sexuality-sensitive 203, 206

thematic, sexuality and ethics 209–15 relating to
Shari‘ah
(law) 120–1

text fundamentalism and 123–6, 143 (18)

see also
Qur’anic references; texts Qur’an, books on 333–4

Qur’anic references God’s covenant 38

human life, value of 3, 10

interfaith conduct 12, 251, 258, 265, 267

conversion and 255, 256

the marginalized 81, 96 (40)

marriage 168

modernist thinking and 120 personal responsibility 77 (108) suicide and killing 134

witness to goodness and justice 39–40, 156 women, protection of 37

see also
Qur’an, analyses; texts Qureshi, Emran 82

al-Qurtubi, Muhammad ibn Ahmad 216–17, 218

racism 236–7, 278–9

radical political views 299–300, 304 (2) dissemination in West 320–2

Hizb-e Tahrir newsletter 313–14 oppositional dialectics and 323–5

Rashid, Ahmed 141 (1)

rationality and modernist thought 118

al-Rawandi, Qutb al-Din Sa‘id ibn Hibbat Allah 213–14

al-Razi, Fakr al-din 51

reality, language and truth 118 reformation, Islamic 15–17 reformers
see
Modernists reification of tradition 121
Religion and Liberty
(quoted) 323 “religion”, the term 99

religion, definitions 88–9, 98–100

religious institutions
see
traditional religious institutions

religious texts
see
texts revelation

and law 120–1

interfaith dialogue and 252–5 text fundamentalism and 123–6

revivalism
see
young Muslims in America Rida, Rasid Muhammad 56–7, 290

Rightly Guided 53–4, 55, 286–7 ritual, human variations 116 Robertson, Pat 264

“Rose Garden, The” 12 Rowson, Everett 197

Roy, Arundhati 87

Rumi, Mawlana Jalal al-Din Balkhi 13

Sa‘di 12

al-Saadawi, Nawal 243

al-Sadlaan, Saalih ibn Ghanim 173–4 Safi, Omid x, 1

Said, Edward 84

salaf
(
i
)
,
the terms 74 (98)

Salafabism

alienation and exclusivism 57–8 Divine law and 58–9

intellectual heritage and 59–61 militant groups and 61–2

see also
supremacist puritanism

Salafism 55–7

Salem, Paul 84

Salih’s story, thematic reading 223–4 Salvatore, Armando 138

Sanasarian, Eliz 242

al-Sanusiyya 290

Sardar, Ziauddin 83

al-Sa‘ud family 38, 52, 72 (81)

Saudi Arabia

al-Ghazali’s critique 76 (105)

al-Naqshabandi’s execution 38

school fire, Mecca 33–4, 37–8, 44

government action 63 (2)

Wahhabism 52, 54

see also
Arab world al-Sawi, Ahmad 53

Schachter, Rabbi Zalman 6 Schmit, Garbi 311, 312 Scholastic Muslims

September 11, 2001 and 128–30, 140–1 on stereotyping of Islam 131–2

effects of 135–8

media generated 133–4

United States’ foreign policy, critique 139–40 Western, modern view of sexuality 198

seclusion and prohibitions 75 (101)

self-positioning 19, 23

September 11, 2001, books on 338

September 11, 2001, effect upon

Bush and Bin Laden rhetoric 87–8 evangelical Christianity 261, 264

Jewish communities 262–3, 264–5

Liberal Muslims 82–4

Muslim communities at large 307 American racism and 279, 281–2, 283

Progressive Muslims 80–2 and religious discourse 21

and United States’ policy 85–7 scholastic Muslims 128–30, 140–1

students 135

extremist reaction 307–8 Western view of Islam 322

Servants of Allah: African Muslims Enslaved in the Americas
(quoted) 275

sexuality

Muslim life and 190, 192–4

patriarchal politics and 191–2, 226–7

see also
homosexuality; marriage and jurisprudence

Sexuality in Islam
(quoted) 192 sexuality-sensitive interpretation 203–4

Shafi‘i tradition 170, 172, 176, 178 punishments for homosexuality 217
see also
Sunni Muslims

Shaikh, Sa‘diyya x, 147

Shari‘ah
167

homophobia and reform of 227–8

political thought and 287, 297

Muslim Brotherhood 290

radicalism 299

Qur’anic authority and 120–1

see also
Islamic law Shari‘ati, Dr. Ali 79

(quoted) 78

al-Sahrq al-Awsat 76 (105)

al-Shawkani, Muhammad 55

Shi‘i Muslims 9

Wahhabism and 53

shirk
(associating partners with God) 50, 51, 74

(99)

shura see
consultation Siddiqi, Dr Muzammil 263

Siddique, Maulana Muhammad ‘Abdul ‘Aleem 258

Simmons, Gwendolyn Zoharah x–xi, 235–8, 248 (30)

supremacist puritanism

deconstruction of traditional institutions and 48–9

modern apologetics and 45–6 moral values and politics 43–4

see also
fundamentalism; literalist-exclusives,

Salafabism

al-Tabari 204–5

Tabligh-i Jama‘at movement 108

Tafsir al-Jami‘ fi Ahkam al-Qur’an
(quoted) 218

Tafsir al-Tabari min Jami‘al-Bayan ‘an Ta’wil Ayi al-Qur’an
(quoted) 204

Taleqani, Ayatollah Mahmud (quoted) 320

taqwa
(consciousness of Allah) 274–5 Taliban 48, 49, 89

George Bush Sr. and 95 (24)

Jeenah on 86

progressive inclusive view 92

imposed by Islam 169, 186 (29), 226 imposed on Islam 275–6

Smith, Jane I. 262

tawhid
(oneness with God) in democratically structured form 303

terrorism

292–3

democratic oriented reworking 302 socio-historic pressures 39, 84

Soroush, AbdolKarim 246 (16)

South Africa 84, 85, 160 (21)

Speaking in God’s Name
243 (15) spirituality, books on 335

stereotypical images of Islam, scholastic perspective, 131–4

students and 135

terrorism and 136–7

effects of 138–40

“Story of Lut and the Qur’an’s Perception of the Morality of Same-Sex Sexuality, The” (quoted) 206–7

students
see
education; young Muslims in America

submission to God 67 (38)

Sufi Muslims 14, 73 (92)

American 277

books on 335

mystic teachings 238

Salafabism and 76 (106)

spreading of Islam 256, 258

Sunnah
55, 91, 256

Sunni Muslims 9

African-American 276

Hazrat ‘Ali 14

Wahhabism and 49, 53

see also
Hanafi tradition; Hanbali tradition; Maliki tradition; Shafi‘i tradition

terrorists
see
militant groups

text fundamentalism 123–6, 143 (18) texts

democratic re-interpretation 296, 301

patriarchal readings 239–41

religious authority and historic precedence 292–4

Salafabism and 58–9

Salafism and 55

see also
Qur’an, analyses; Qur’anic references “theology of accommodation” 84–5

theology of power 43 Thompson, E. P. 113
Tikkun olam
29 (31) tolerance

injustice and 81–2, 95 (22)

pluralism and 23–4

Tosh, Peter 25

Toward an Islamic Reformation
(quoted) 28 (22), 227

traditional religious institutions modernity and 5–7, 46–9

engagement between 7–9, 111–13

human constructs 114–20

puritan challenge and apologetics 44–6 reification 121–3

text fundamentalism 123–6

Salafabism and 59

Salafism and 55

truth, reality and language 118

Tubman, Harriet, as example of leadership 241

Uganda 142 (5)

‘Umar, Caliph 256–7

umma
(community)
see
consultation; oppositional dialectics

United Church of Canada 265

United Nations Development Program 91 United States of America

foreign policy 4–5

effect on other countries’ policies 142 (5) founding principles and 139–40

Israel and Palestine 94 (19), 328

Ibrahim, Sa‘ad Eddin and 4–5, 144 (29)

September 11, 2001 83

fundamentalist rhetoric 87–8

immigrant detentions 144 (27)

media reportage 263–4