Mr. Hornaday's War (41 page)

Palmer, Theodore, 179–80

Parker, Cynthia Ann (Nautdah), 181–82

Parker, Quanah.
See
Quanah Parker

passenger pigeon, extinction of, 173, 213

The Passing of the Great Race
(Grant), 163

Pearson, T. Gilbert, 200, 202

Peary, Robert, 157

People's Home Journal
magazine, 208

Pera Vera (tracker), 105, 106, 112, 114, 115, 123, 124

Permanent Wild Life Protection Fund: battles of, 207–8; formation of, 205–6

Peta Nocona, 181, 182

Philadelphia Centennial Exposition of 1876, 96

Phillips, Henry (rancher), 25

Piegan Indians, 40–41, 164

Plains Indians: “buffalo jumps,” 21; dependence on buffalo, 18–19, 20, 63, 68–69; diminished with loss of buffalo, 26; legends of buffalo caves, 66, 185–86; Wichita Mountains sacred to, 185–86.
See also specific tribes

The Plain Truth About Game Conservation
(Hornaday), 208

plume hunters, 178

politics, 139–40, 141, 145

“pot-hunters,” 178

Powell, John Wesley, 145, 146

prairie chicken, 207

Prevotel, Isadore, 83

Pribilof Islands: fur seal comeback in, 218–19; seal hunting in, 175, 195–96

Proceedings of the American Association for the Advancement of Science,
127

pronghorn antelope, 207

public apathy, xvii, 20–21; Hornaday's determination to combat, 177; moral outrage lacking in America, 197; near-extinction of buffalo and, 60, 63; regarding Hornaday's survey of bird decline, 179

public interest: in National Zoo, 135–36; in pygmy exhibit, 160–61, 162

public relations: campaign for National Zoo, 138–39; Cody's offer of buffalo herd, 140; facts as propaganda tools, 180; fawning publicity for Hornaday, 171–72; Hornaday's letters as publicity for Ward's, 122

quail, 207

Quanah, Acme, and Pacific Railroad, 187

Quanah Parker: escapes Texas Rangers, 181–82; as extraordinary person, 186–87; outrage at massacre of buffalo, 182; Roosevelt's
promise to, 186, 187, 190

“rag-and-stuff method” of taxidermy, 55

“Rajah” (orangutan specimen), 125

Reeves, Pressly, 191

Rochester Democrat Chronicle,
122

Rock Creek Park, 137, 139, 140, 144

Roosevelt, Alice Lee, 53

Roosevelt, Franklin D.: as conservationist, 214; names peak in Yellowstone for Hornaday, 216–17; new hunting regulation by, 209; response to Hornaday's request, 216; waterfowl hunting ban and, 212–15

Roosevelt, Nicholas, 54

Roosevelt, Theodore, 8, 14, 24, 104, 217; American Bison Society and, 57–58, 183–84; embraces “the strenuous life,” 54–55; first meeting with Hornaday, 49–50; literary career of, 51–52; marriage to Alice Hathaway Lee, 52–53; New York Zoological Society and, 151, 152; physical frailty in youth, 52; political career of, 58; as president, 184, 186; promise to Quanah Parker, 186, 187, 190; trip West to territories, 53–54

Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, 203

Rush, Frank, 188

Russell, Charles M., 14

Russell, L. S. (“Russ”) (cowboy), 36, 38, 39–40

“Sandy” (buffalo calf), 31–32, 34, 48, 136

Santa Fe New Mexican
(newspaper), 64

Saturday Evening Post,
151

Science
(journal), 128

“scientific racism,” 163

seal hunting, 175, 195–96

Second Battle of Adobe Walls, 182

“The Second Coming” (Yeats), xvii

Seminole Indians, 91, 92

Seton, Ernest Thompson, 67

Seventh-day Adventist Church, 80, 81, 215

Seymour, Edmund, 213

sharp-shinned hawk, 178

Shaw, George Bernard, 219

Sheridan, Philip (“Little Phil”), 22, 70; anti-conservation efforts, 19, 66; conversion to conservation cause, 189

Sherman, William Tecumseh, 19, 22, 69; conduct of Indian wars, 17–19, 70; as enemy of wildlife preservation, 15, 65, 66, 189

“side-hunt,” 178–79

Simon, Leo, 201

Sioux Indians, 20; Black Elk (medicine man), 136–37; buffalo donated to new zoo, 136–37; buffalo slaughter by, 63, 69; Little Bighorn massacre and, 14

Smith, Hoke, 203

Smith, May Riley, 202

Smithsonian expeditions of 1886: arrival in Miles City, 23–24; bleached skeletons of buffalo seen, 28–29; blizzards, 42, 45; buffalo found hiding in ravines, 38; bull calf (“Sandy”) found, 31–32; camp on Big Dry Creek, 37, 38; camp on Phillips Creek, 31; consultation at Fort Keogh, 24–25; decision to go to Sand Creek area, 25–26; decision to return in autumn, 32; decision to undertake, 6–7; first expedition, 23–29; first kills of second expedition, 38–39; first specimen taken, 32; journey to Montana Territory, 13–14; largest specimen taken, 42–44; at LU-Bar Ranch, 30; makeup of party, 26–27; return from, 131; second expedition, 35–46; specimen stolen by Piegan Indians, 40–41, 164; travel along Sunday Creek Trail, 26–29, 45

Smithsonian Institution, 133; exhibition of “Ole Boss,” 96; Langley's “reign of terror,” 143; National Zoo
(see
National Zoo); politics within, 145; U.S. National Museum as part of, xvi, 3–4

“sneak-hunting,” 61–62

snowy egrets, 8, 200, 203, 219

Societe d'Acclimatation, 203

soldiers, 37, 63, 173–74

Spencer, Anne, 165

Spiro, Jonathan Peter, 163–64

“sportsmen,” 178

Stanley, Henry, 109

still-hunts, 61–62

St. Louis World's Fair, 157

Stockdale, Thomas, 139

Stone Calf (Cheyenne chief), 66

Stuart, Katherine, 202

Sulzer Alaskan Game bill, 207

tarsier
(Tarsius spectrum),
121

taxidermy: bull bison used as model for ten-dollar bill, 44–45; “clay manikin process,” 55; early attempts at, 82; Hornaday considered master taxidermist, 3–4, 57; Hornaday's discovery of, 79; learning, as employee at Ward's, 84; work of skinning and skeletonizing specimens, 39.
See also
American bison habitat grouping

Taxidermy and Zoological Collecting (Hornaday),
55

Tecumseh (Shawnee chief), 18

Texas Rangers, 182

“The Steam Roller Of The Feather Importers In The United States Senate” (Hornaday), 202–3

Thirty Years War for Wild Life
(Hornaday): as battle plan to save wildlife, 210; estimates of game slaughtered, 71–72; Hornaday's complaint in, 194; praise for Sens. Chamberlain and Lane, 203; publication of, 209

Throckmorton, James, 70

tigers.
See
Bengal tigers

Time
magazine, 204

The Time of the Buffalo
(McHugh), 67–68

Travellers Insurance Company, 110

Tremont House (Chicago), 10

Trowbridge,
Lawrence,
193

True, Frederick, 145

Twain, Mark (Samuel Clemens), 127

Two Years in the Jungle
(Hornaday), 107, 112, 128, 217

Union Land Exchange, 148

Union Pacific Railroad, 22

University of Pittsburgh, 172

upper classes, 151

U.S. Biological Survey, 178, 179

U.S. Bird Treaty Act of 1918, 207

U.S. Commission of Fish and Fisheries, 133

U.S. Congress: complex hierarchy of, 133; failure of National Zoo enabling act, 139; game laws written by hunters, 71; ineffectualness of, 65; law against pelagic sealing, 196; passage of Wilson Tariff Act, 199–203; passes Lacey Act of 1905, 185

U.S. National Museum, xvi, 21; classification of fish specimens, 217; “Department of Living Animals,” 134, 135–37; Hornaday as chief taxidermist, 3–4, 141; planned “extermination exhibit,” 135.
See also
American bison habitat grouping

Van Der Lubbe, Marinus, 212

Varner, Allen (uncle), 9, 79, 87–88

Verner, Samuel Phillips (“Fwela”), 162; abandons Ota Benga, 166; brings Ota Benga to U.S., 157–58; takes Ota Benga to New York Zoological Park, 158–59

Wallace, Alfred Russel, xiv; Darwin-Wallace paper, 118–19; on Dyak tribes, 124; scientific genius of, 119, 120; on size of orangs, 126

Wallace Line, 120

“war against wildlife,” 15

Ward, Henry Augustus, 75–77, 91; appearance and demeanor, 75; funds Indian expedition, 106, 111; help financing expedition to Everglades, 88; hires Hornaday as “assistant workman,” 76–77; instructions to “plunder Ceylon,” 120; massive collections of, 83–84; offer to help finance African expedition, 86–87; publishes Hornaday's letters, 122; receives application from Hornaday, 82–83; sends Hornaday to Chicago Exposition of 1875, 98; sends Hornaday to South America, 99–100; squabbles with
Hornaday, 111

Ward's Natural Science Establishment, 9, 75–77, 90; Hornaday's impressions of, 83–84; Hornaday's letters as publicity for, 122; need for more specimens, 118; various buildings in, 83–84

“war for wildlife,” xiv–xvi, 171–80; Andrew Carnegie's support of, 128; Col. Dodge as ally in, 69–70; eagerness to return to, 148; Hornaday as populist rabble-rouser, 201, 202; Hornaday's book on, 71–72, 194, 203, 209, 210; as Hornaday's “thankless task,” 213; Hornaday's view of, xv; moral outrage in, 71, 197; in retirement years, 205–11; survey of wildlife decline, 177–80

Washington Critic,
147

Washington Post,
139, 203

Washington Zoological Park.
See
National Zoo

Weeks-McLean Law of 1913, 194, 207

Welch, A. S., 82

Wheeler, Joe (“Fighting Joe”), 139–40

White Dog (Cheyenne guide), 26, 27

Wichita Mountains (OK), 185–86

Wichita National Forest and Game Reserve, 185, 186, 187–88

wild game dinner, menu for, 10–11

wildlife: lack of respect for, 70; sanctuaries for (
see
wildlife reserves); slaughtered: estimates of, 71–72; in Montana Territory, 28; stages of man's contact with, 132

Wildlife Conservation Society, 206, 218

wildlife protection: Hornaday's battle for (
see
“war for wildlife”); ineffective legal system for, 15; international treaties, 196; lack of, by federal government, 173–74; medals given for, 203; Permanent Wild Life Protection Fund, 205–8; sanctuaries (
see
wildlife reserves).
See also
game protection laws

Wildlife Protection Medal (Boy Scouts), 217

wildlife reserves: for bison, 183; creation of, xvi; creation of bird sanctuaries, 208; Hornaday's fight for, 176; no-kill game sanctuaries, 207

William T. Hornaday Award (Boy Scouts), 217

Wilson, Woodrow, 203

Wilson Tariff Act: actions of feather-trade lobbyists against, 201–3; Hornaday drafts clause for bill, 200–201; passage of, 203; testimony about feather trade, 199–200

The Winning of the West
(Theodore Roosevelt), 52

Winter of the Blue Snow, 45

World's Columbian Exposition of 1893, 98, 150

World War I, 207

Yale University, 172

Yeats, William Butler, xvii

Yellowstone Journal,
24

Yellowstone National Park: under military occupation, 173–74; Mount Hornaday, 216–17; Sen. Lacey as defender of, 191; Sheridan's crusade to save, 189

Yerkes, Robert, 127

Youth's Companion
(magazine), 103

Zahl, “Doc” (buffalo hunter), 33–34

zoo-building craze, 150

Zoological Park Commission, 140, 144

zoological parks: Berlin Zoo, 151, 154; Bronx Zoo (
see
New York Zoological Park); Central Park zoo, 150; circus-like atmosphere, 159; collection of specimens for, 134–35; first zoo in Philadelphia, 4; National Zoo (
see
National Zoo); needed in Washington D.C., 131; use of moats and barless enclosures, 154

Zoological Society Bulletin,
160