Mr. Hornaday's War (37 page)
Read Mr. Hornaday's War Online
Authors: Stefan Bechtel
3
. Ibid., chapter 9, p. 13.
4
. Ibid., chapter 9, pp. 12â15.
5
. Hornaday letter dated February 24, 1899, Hornaday papers, Library of Congress, box 1, folder 1877â1900.
6
. Hornaday,
Eighty Fascinating Years,
chapter 9, p. 15.
7
. Hornaday letter to Henry Fairfield Osborn, quoted in Bridges,
Gathering of Animals,
p. 24.
8
. David O. Whitten, “The Depression of 1893,” EH.net Encyclopedia, posted February 1, 2010,
http://eh.net/encyclopedia/
.
9
. Dolph, “Bringing Wildlife to the Millions,” p. 649.
10
. Dehler, “American Crusader,” p. 111.
CHAPTER 15: SCANDAL AT THE ZOO
1
. “A Zoological Rivalry: The Many American Cities with Animal Collections,”
New York Times,
August 30, 1896.
2
. Dehler, “American Crusader,” p. 117.
3
. Larson,
Devil in the White City.
4
. Bridges,
Gathering of Animals,
p. 129.
5
. Spiro,
Defending the Master Race,
p. 33.
6
. Ibid., p. 33.
7
. Rudyard Kipling, quoted in
New York Times,
May 8, 1892, cited in ibid., p. 32.
8
. Dehler, “American Crusader,” p. 113.
9
. Larson,
Tyrannosaurus Rex,
p. 400.
10
. Hornaday,
Wild-Animal Round-Up,
p. 349.
11
. Dehler, “American Crusader,” p. 123; Bridges,
Gathering of Animals,
p. 89.
12
. Spiro,
Defending the Master Race,
p. 7.
13
. Ibid., pp. 36, 37.
14
. Ibid., p. 361.
15
. Ibid., p. 39.
16
. Hornaday,
Eighty Fascinating Years.
17
. Hornaday,
Wild-Animal Round-Up,
pp. 356â61.
18
. Dehler, “American Crusader,” p. 117.
19
. Letter from Hornaday, October 2, 1896, Hornaday papers, Library of Congress, box 1, folder 1877â1900.
20
. Letter from Hornaday about Burroughs, May 7, 1903, Hornaday papers, Library of Congress, box 1, folder 1877â1900.
21
. Hornaday,
Wild-Animal Round-Up,
pp. 358â68.
22
. Details of opening day from Bridges,
Gathering of Animals,
pp. 89â98.
23
. Bridges,
Gathering of Animals,
p. 92.
24
. Spiro,
Defending the Master Race,
p. 40.
25
. Hornaday,
Wild-Animal Round-Up,
p. 354.
26
. Bradford,
Ota,
pp. 4, 5.
27
. Ibid., p. 12.
28
. Spiro,
Defending the Master Race,
p. 49.
29
. Bradford,
Ota,
104â10.
30
. Ibid., p. 120.
31
. Ibid., pp. 127â35.
32
. Ibid., p. 184.
33
. Ibid., p. 177.
34
. Ibid., pp. 172, 178.
35
. Ibid., p. 177.
36
. Hornaday letter to Josephine Hornaday, dated May 27, 1902, Hornaday
papers, Library of Congress, box 2.
37
. Ibid., pp. 177, 178; “An African Pigmy,” p. 302.
38
. “Bushman Shares a Cage with Bronx Park Apes,”
New York Times,
September 9, 1906.
39
. Bradford,
Ota,
p. 179.
40
. “Man and the Monkey Show Disapproved by Clergy,”
New York Times,
September 9, 1906.
41
.
New York Times,
September 10, 1906.
42
. Ibid.
43
. Bradford,
Ota,
p. 183.
44
.
New York Globe,
September 10, 1906.
45
. Spiro,
Defending the Master Race,
pp. 46, 47.
46
. Brinkley,
Wilderness Warrior,
p. 660.
47
. Hornaday letter to Verner, in Bridges,
Gathering of Animals,
p. 227.
48
. Comment by Mark Haller from
Eugenics: Hereditarian Attitudes in American Thought
(Piscataway, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1963), quoted in Spiro,
Defending the Master Race,
p. iv.
49
. Ibid., pp. 127, 130.
50
. Ibid., p. 158.
51
. Ibid., p. 97.
52
. Hornaday,
Our Vanishing Wild Life,
p. 101.
53
. Hornaday,
Wild-Animal Round-Up,
p. 27.
54
. “Topic of the Times: Send Him Back to the Woods,”
New York Times,
September 11, 1906.
55
.
New York Evening Post,
September 10, 1906.
56
.
Bridgeport (CT) Herald,
July 18, 1926; Hornaday,
Minds and Manners of Wild Animals,
p. 2.
57
.
New York Times,
September 11, 1906.
58
.
Bridgeport Herald,
July 18, 1926.
59
. Bradford,
Ota,
p. 188.
60
. Ibid., pp. 206â8.
61
. Matthiesson,
African Silences.
CHAPTER 16: THE DARK SHADOW
1
. Kate Carew, “Kate Meets the âSultan of the Zoo,' ”
New York World,
March 6, 1910.
2
. Hornaday letter to Josephine Hornaday, Hornaday papers, Library of Congress, box 1, 1877â1900.
3
. Jean Piper, “Zoo Man Convinced of Evolution Theory,”
Brooklyn Daily Eagle,
April 5, 1925.
4
. “W.T. Hornaday, 78 Today, Frets About the Rhino,”
New York World-Telegram,
December 7, 1932.
5
. Hornaday,
Eighty Fascinating Years,
chapter 20, p. 6.
6
. Wilson,
Wilson's American Ornithology,
p. 358.
7
. Hornaday,
Eighty Fascinating Years,
chapter 20, p. 6.
8
. Duncan,
National Parks,
pp. 43â47.
9
. Hornaday,
Eighty Fascinating Years,
chapter 20, p. 8.
10
. Ibid.
11
. Ibid., chapter 20, p. 5.
12
. Letter from Hornaday to Charles Bessey, December 16, 1897, cited in Dehler, “American Crusader.”
13
. Hornaday,
Eighty Fascinating Years,
chapter 20, p. 5.
14
. Ibid., chapter 20, p. 8.
15
. Hornaday,
Destruction of Our Birds and Mammals,
p. 78.
16
. Ibid., p. 77.
17
. Hornaday,
Eighty Fascinating Years,
chapter 20, p. 9.
18
. Hornaday,
Destruction of Our Birds and Mammals,
p. 81.
19
. Ibid., pp. 87, 89.
20
. Ibid., p. 94.
21
. Ibid., pp. 87, 89.
22
. Hornaday,
Our Vanishing Wild Life,
p. 226.
23
. Bridges,
Gathering of Animals,
p. 272.
24
. Ibid., pp. 272, 273.
25
. Hornaday, “On the Destruction of Our Birds and Animals,” p. 281.
26
. Dehler, “American Crusader,” p. 206.
27
. Hornaday,
Eighty Fascinating Years,
chapter 20, p. 7.
28
. Ibid, chapter 20, p. 8.
CHAPTER 17: EMPIRE OF THE BUFFALO
1
. McHugh,
Time of the Buffalo,
pp. 3, 4; also Brinkley,
Wilderness Warrior,
pp. 626, 627.
2
. Gwynne,
Empire of the Summer Moon,
p. 174.
3
. Ibid., p. 177.
4
. Ibid., p. 180.
5
. Ibid., p. 264.
6
. George Parker Winship,
The Coronado Expedition,
1540â1542 (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1896) p. 581.
7
. Bridges,
Gathering of Animals,
p. 332.
8
. Ibid.
9
. Dehler, “American Crusader,” p. 197.
10
. Bridges,
Gathering of Animals,
pp. 258, 259.
11
. Ibid., p. 263.
12
. Dehler, “American Crusader,” p. 200.
13
. Brinkley,
Wilderness Warrior,
p. 603.
14
. The
Wichita Buffalo Range,
Tenth Annual Report of the New York Zoological Society, 1905, p. 200.
15
. Erdoes,
American Indian Myths and Legends,
pp. 490, 491.
16
. Brinkley,
Wilderness Warrior,
pp. 600â603.
17
. Ibid., p. 581.
18
. Ibid., pp. 595, 609, 611; Gwynne,
Empire of the Summer Moon,
311.
19
. Brinkley,
Wilderness Warrior,
pp. 624, 626.
20
. “Wichita Mountains National Wildlife Refuge,”
Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture,
http://digital.library.okstate.edu
.
21
. American Bison Society,
http://www.americanbisonsocietyonline.org/
.
22
. “15 Buffalo to Go Back to the Ranges: Cowboy Rush Here to Take Part of the Zoo Back to Oklahoma,”
New York Times,
October 6, 1907.
23
. Dehler, “American Crusader,” p. 190.
24
. “Bison Preserves,”
New York Times,
November 3, 1907.
25
. Bridges,
Gathering of Animals,
p. 269.
26
. Ibid., p. 257.
27
. Duncan,
National Parks,
pp. 45â47.
28
. Brinkley,
Wilderness Warrior,
p. 627.
CHAPTER 18: OUR VANISHING WILDLIFE
1
. Hornaday,
Our Vanishing Wild Life,
p. 3.
2
. Duncan,
National Parks,
p. 83.
3
. Hornaday,
Thirty Years War for Wild Life,
p. 161.
4
. Hornaday,
Our Vanishing Wild Life,
p. 114.
5
.
Thirty Years War for Wild Life,
pp. 155â60; “Restricts Sale of Game: Gov. Dix Signs the Bayne Bill Protecting Native Wild Animals,”
New York Times,
June 27, 1911.
6
. Letter to Josephine Hornaday, dated simply “Thursday, 7:15 a.m. 1911,” Hornaday papers, Library of Congress, box 1, folder 3.
7
. Hornaday,
Thirty Years War for Wild Life,
p. 160.
8
.
Henry Wood Elliot: Defender of the Fur Seal,
film by NOAA Ocean Media Center, 2005.
9
. Hornaday,
Thirty Years War for Wild Life,
pp. 172â81.
10
. Hornaday,
Our Vanishing Wild Life,
p. 5.
11
. Doughty,
Feather Fashions and Bird Preservation,
p. 30.
12
. Hornaday,
Our Vanishing Wild Life,
pp. 116, 117.
13
. Ibid., p. 121.
14
. Doughty,
Feather Fashions and Bird Preservation,
p. 128.
15
. Ibid., p. 129.
16
. Hornaday,
Thirty Years War for Wild Life,
p. 199.
17
. Quoted in Doughty,
Feather Fashions and Bird Preservation,
p. 129.
18
. Hornaday,
Steam Roller.
19
. Doughty,
Feather Fashions and Bird Preservation,
pp. 130â31.
20
. Hornaday,
Thirty Years War for Wild Life,
p. 202.
21
. Ibid., p. 266.
CHAPTER 19: TWO HUNDRED YEARS OF WAR
1
. “Animal Man,”
Time,
May 31, 1926; “Hornaday Retires as Director of Zoo,”
New York Times,
May 21, 1926.
2
. Bridges,
Gathering of Animals,
p. 116.
3
. Ibid., pp. 116, 117.
4
. Ibid., p. 410.
5
. Hornaday papers, dated September 11, 1919, Library of Congress, box 1, September 1929.
6
. Hornaday,
Thirty Years War for Wild Life,
p. 45.
7
. Bridges,
Gathering of Animals,
p. 279.
8
. Hornaday,
Eighty Fascinating Years,
chapter 20, p. 16.
9
. Hornaday,
Thirty Years War for Wild Life,
p. 184.
10
.
New York Times Magazine,
October 13, 1935, Hornaday papers, Library of Congress, box 101.
11
. Bridges,
Gathering of Animals,
p. 287.
12
. From
Columbus Dispatch,
quoted in “Alaska Big Game Endangered by Pot-Hunters and Wolves,”
Literary Digest
65 (May 8, 1920): 92.
13
. Hornaday,
Thirty Years War for Wild Life,
pp. 187â91.
14
. Ibid., p. 191.
15
. Hornaday,
Eighty Fascinating Years,
chapter 20, p. 13.
16
. Hornaday,
Thirty Years War for Wild Life,
p. xi.
17
. Ibid., p. 1.
18
. Ibid., p. 8.
19
. Ibid., p. 8.
EPILOGUE: HIS INDOMITABLE PERSISTENCE
1
. Letter to FDR, Hornaday papers, Library of Congress, Box H, correspondence 1930â1937.
2
. Quotes from
Life
, January 4, 1937.
3
. From a letter to Hornaday's nephew Willis, dated September 2, 1936, Hornaday papers, Library of Congress.