Homo Mysterious: Evolutionary Puzzles of Human Nature (54 page)

brains, 272

social intelligence, 284, 286–387

prison, 93, 132

Profet, Margie, 16–17

progesterone, 20

prospect/refuge theory, imagination, 173

Prozac, 235

Psalm 23, 248, 249

Psychopathia Sexualis
, Krafft-Ebing, 93

punishment, religion, 245–246, 256–257

purloined letter hypothesis, intelligence, 296–297

Qu’aran, penalty, 255

rational choice hypothesis, religion, 236–239

reciprocity, homosexuality, 111–112

Red Queen Effect, 85

religion

art as precursor, 163

big brains, 221–225

Brookeian hypothesis, 235–236

by-products, 225–228

cause and effect, 216–218

costs and benefits, 198–202

distinguishing adaptive from good, 218–221

diversity, 193–195

don’t panic hypothesis, 251–252

evolutionary origin, 146, 163–164

evolution of consciousness, 252–253

extra effort hypothesis, 251–252

genes and biology, 203–206

God as alpha male, 248–250

God gene, 195–198

group benefits, 162

group coordination, 163, 239–244

group selection, 253–259

Jew and Muslim hostility, 244

labor-saving hypothesis, 233–235

last-gasp effort, 250–251

long arm of, 259–263

maladaptive activity, 263–265

mortality, 309

origin of word, 240

ostracism, 255–256

overshoot hypotheses, 209–212

proximate payoffs, 228–231

punishment, 245–246, 256–257

rational choice hypothesis, 236–239

route to morality, 246–248

self-sacrifice, 254

social benefits, 244–246

social morality hypothesis, 247–248

sugar as metaphor, 263–265

taking things “on faith,” 233–236

term, 264

theory of mind (ToM), 212–216, 302–303

viral meme hypothesis, 206–209

war, 239–244

reproduction

heterosexual, 91–92

intelligence, 281

menstruation and ovulation, 12–16

prudent mothers, 68–70

religion, 204

sex, 82–85

reproductive skew theory, 125–128

residual reproductive value, women, 40–41

resources, homosexuality, 110

reverse engineering

concept, 8–9

human breasts, 35

rhythm method, birth control, 22

Richards, I. A., 179

Rimbaud, 189

robber’s cave experiment, 161

robust phenomenon, 22

Roethke, Theodore, 7

Rogers, Kenny,
The Gambler
, 69–70

romance, mate selection, 237

Rumpelstiltskin effect, 115

Rumsfeld, Donald, 7

Russell, Bertrand, 199

Russia, enigma, 11

Ryan, Meg,
When Harry Met Sally
, 49

Sagan, Carl, 215, 299

same-sex competition

access to females, 110

natural selection, 80–81

same-sex preference.
See also
homosexuality

biological underpinning, 97

homosexuality, 89–92

pathology, 94–97

schizophrenia, 310

science

answering questions, 5

truth of nature, 170–171

Sedighi, Hojatoleslam Kazem, 246

self-awareness, women, 33–34

self-consciousness, 299

self-deception, headache hypothesis, 33–34

self-expression, art and intrasexual competition, 189

selfish beneficence, 74

self-sacrifice, religion, 254

sex

brain, 278–282

dating and the arts, 184–185

folk aesthetics, 185

mystery, 82–86

religion, 204–205

sex chromosomes

defining genetic differences, 115–116

homosexuality, 100–102

life span, 79–80

sex differences

homosexuality, 114–116

life span, 79–82

sex drive, homosexuality, 132

sexual behavior, adaptive, 220

sexual bonding, concealed ovulation, 25–27

sexual fluidity, 115

sexual gratification, sex drive, 127

sexual intercourse, woman’s body, 16

sexual liberation, estrus, 30–33

sexually antagonistic selection, homosexuality, 118–119

sexually complementary selection, homosexuality, 119

sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), 133–134

sexual motivation, homosexuality, 122–123

sexual preference, orgasms, 62

sexual reproduction

art and offspring, 172

mate choice, 177

sexual selection

artistic creations, 185–186

arts as by-product, 187–188

brains, 279

Darwin, 176

fitness indicators, 180–181

human language, 178–180

making preferences, 181–182

mate choice, 177

pleasure and satisfaction, 188

social hypothesis, 120–121

Sexual Selection and the Descent of Man
, Darwin, 184

sexual selection theory

intelligence, 280

sexy son hypothesis, 42–44

sexy son hypothesis

doughty daughter equivalent, 45

male choice of females, 75

sexual selection theory, 28, 42–44

Shadow of Childhood
, La Barre, 222–223

shaggy-dog story, joke, 270

Shakespeare, William, 143, 171, 285

Shepard, Roger N., 174

Shiite Iran, 244
n

Shklovsky, Viktor,
Knight’s Move
, 53

sickle cell anemia, 112–113, 117

Sisyphus, 19, 313

Skinner, B. F., 216–217

Skyhook, climbing equipment, 145
n

sky-hooks, metaphor for art, 145

slavery, African Americans escaping, 215

smart-mother hypothesis, intelligence, 281

social bonding, concealed ovulation, 25–27

social capital, religion, 237

social coordination hypothesis, arts, 164

social glue

genetic hypotheses, 119–125

notion of homosexuality as, 121

social hypothesis, 121

social intelligence

brain size, 282–288

hypothesis, 288

Machiavellian, 282–286

natural selection, 283, 285–286

social morality hypothesis, religion, 247–248

social payoffs

arts, 157–162

homosexuality, 117–118

religion, 244–246

Some Enchanted Evening
, song, 237

Soviet Union, religion, 205

spandrels, arts, 154–156

Sparta, 162–163

spider, web-spinning, 150

Staphylococcus
, vagina, 16

Stark, Rodney, 236, 238

Stewart, Potter, Supreme Court Justice, 146, 298

Stone Age, music, 165

storytelling

imagination, 173

literature, 168

playful learning, 171

Strassman, Beverly, 18

Streptococcus
, vagina, 16

sugar, religion metaphor, 263–265

suicide, inclusive fitness theory, 309–310

Sunday, skipping church, 256

supermodels, Western, 38

superstition, cause and effect, 216, 217, 218

Supreme Being, God as alpha male, 248–250

Sylvie and Bruno Concluded
, Carroll, 175–176

Symons, Donald, 54
Symposium
, Plato, 94

talent, artist’s skill, 185

Tanzania, Hadza, 71

Technicolor, female orgasm, 55

Technicolor ovulation, 22

technology, evolution of, 296–297

Ten Commandments, 259

Terence, Roman playwright, 191

terra incognita
, evolutionary map, 7

theodicy, ancient problem, 234

theory of mind

gossip and, 174–176

religion, 212–216, 302–303

Thornhill, Randy, 29

Through the Looking Glass
, Carroll, 85, 176
n
, 200

Tiger, Lionel, 230

Tillich, Paul, 226

Time Machine
, Wells, 310

Tinbergen, Niko, 122

Tolstoy, Leo, 164

Tomasello, Michael, 157, 159, 160

Tooby, John, 168, 288, 290, 291

tools, intelligence, 273–275

Trivers, Robert L., 111

truth, Enlightenment, 6–7

turkey baster babies, in vitro fertilization, 102

Twain, Mark, 107, 175, 308

twin studies

fraternals and identicals, 201–202

monozygotic and dizygotic, 101–102

Twitter, 206

Uganda, Lord’s Resistance Army, 199

Ulrichs, Karl Heinrich, 94

unknown unknowns, Rumsfeld, 7