| 22. Ettinger, "Jews and Non-Jews in Eastern and Central Europe," p. 3; Pollack, "Cultural Innovation," p. 60; Goldfarb interview; Birnbaum, Den Ostjuden ihr Recht !, p. 16; Hilsenrad, Brown Was the Danube , p. 86.
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| 23. Rozenblit, Jews of Vienna , p. 43; Wistrich, Socialism and the Jews , p. 205; Holter, "Kriegsflüchtlinge in Wien," p. 9; Wertheimer, Unwelcome Strangers , p. 161; Wistrich, Jews of Vienna , p. 51; Coudenhove-Kalergi, AntiSemitism throughout the Ages , pp. 226, 270.
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| 24. Holter, "Kriegsflüchtlinge in Wien," p. 14. Tartakower holds a minority view that there were only 77,000 Jewish refugees in Vienna during the war out of a total of 137,000 refugees. See his chapter, "Jewish Migratory Movements," p. 290.
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| 25. Bloch, Erinnerungen , 3:253.
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| 26. Holter, "Kriegsfluchtlinge in Wien," pp. 1112; MU , NovemberDecember 1914, p. 3.
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| 27. Holter, "Kriegsflüchtlinge in Wien," p. 13; Bauer, History of the Holocaust , p. 53; Spira, Feindbild " Jud ," p. 72.
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| 28. Holter, "Kriegsflüchtlinge in Wien," pp. 4849.
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| 29. MU , NovemberDecember 1914, pp. 35.
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| 30. BÖW , 5 March 1915, p. 174. See also Holter, "Kriegsflüchtlinge in Wien," p. 22.
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| 31. Holter, "Kriegsflüchtlinge in Wien," pp. 2728.
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| 32. Sachar, Modern Jewish History , p. 425; Niewyk, "Jews in Revolution," p. 48.
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| 33. Kreppel, Juden von heute , p. 154; Häusler, "Toleranz, Emanzipation und Antisemitismus," pp. 13233.
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