Empires of the Word: A Language History of the World (127 page)

Macedonia 98, 269, 293

Macedonian
85, 131, 290

MacKinnon, Revd D., British teacher 500

Macmillan, Harold, British prime minister 541

Madagascar 101, 105, 412, 418-419

Madison, James, US President 488

Magadhi
177, 178, 187-190, 192, 197, 218

Maghreb 100

Maghrebi
78
n

Magyars 306, 309, 425

Mahābhārata
176, 184, 195, 197, 204, 206-207

Mahābhā⋅ya
(Pataõjali) 180

Maharashtra 188-189

Majumdar, R.C., Indian scholar 206

Malay 97
n
, 208, 380, 400-403, 444, 446, 457, 476, 498, 532, 539

Malaya 204
n
, 205, 213, 505, 507, 536

Malayalam
198, 528

Malaysia, 147
n
, 149, 161, 199, 201, 385, 387, 390, 398, 400, 506
n
, 544

Malcolm III, Scottish king 463

Malin-tzin, Mexican interpreter 342, 355

Malory, Sir Thomas, English writer 332

Malta 71, 97

mamelucos 371

Mameluke dynasty of Egypt 121

Manchu 171, 308
n

people 170-171, 308
n

Manchuria 21, 121, 138, 143-146, 148, 380, 427

Manco Capac, Inca 357

Mandaean/Mandaic
90
n

Mandarin
see
Chinese

Manātho, Egyptian historian 165
n

Manichaeans 141

Mansilla, Fray Juan de, Spanish friar 364

Manu Law Code 186-187, 194

Māori
506

Mapuche 349, 363

Mapudungun
349, 361, 363

Marathi
188, 528, 530

Mari 37, 39, 41, 53, 60-61

Marquette Père, French explorer 412

Martial, Latin poet 523

Martinique 415

Marx, Karl, German sage 438
n

Massachusett
483, 484-485

Massaesylia 75

Massylia 75

Mauritania 98

Max Havelaar
(Multatuli) 395

Maya
1-4, 11
n
, 348, 352, 364
n
, 372

Mecca 94

Meckel, Major, strategic consultant 451

Medawar, Peter, British biologist 403
n

Medes 43, 47, 56, 79, 87

Median
131

Medina 94

Medjay
131
n

Megasthenes, Seleucid ambassador 191-192, 247

Mehmet, Ottoman Sultan 266
n

Melanesians 22

Memphis 127, 151

Memphite theology
113-114

Menander, Greek dramatist 234

Menander, Greek king 192, 219, 230, 246

Menander of Ephesus, Greek historian 71

Mencius, Chinese sage
(also
Meng-zi) 137
n
, 152

Mendes Pinto, Fernāo, Portuguese explorer 388-389

Menéndez Pidal, R.307

Menes, pharaoh 124, 151

Merchants
see
Trade, Free enterprise

Merikare, pharaoh 122, 154

Merneptah, pharaoh 126

Meroitic
128

Mesopotamia 21, 38, 41, 42-45, 47-50, 53, 55, 56, 60-61, 65, 79-80, 83, 86, 154, 164, 209, 247, 257-258, 536

Mesrop Mashtotz, Armenian Bishop 88

Messapian
242

Mestizo 17, 338, 342-345, 347, 367, 372-376

see also
Interracial families

Mexica 346
n
, 351, 367, 375, 377

Mexicana, lengua, see
Nahuatl

Mexico 308, 364, 366, 444, 488, 531

sixteenth-century languages 352

compulsory Spanish 374

indigenous languages 375-376

lenguas generates
367

Mexican cession 487, 494-495

population in 1559 568
n
14

printing presses 346

republic of Indians 368

Spanish occupation 1-4, 12, 14-17, 337, 340, 342, 346, 349, 392, 494-495

and US economy 379

Micronesia 448, 452-454, 510, 573
n
70

Middle East 21, 43, 45, 110-112, 377

linguistic innovations 29-35, 37

Middle English
66
n
, 125

Midrash
70
n

Mien
134

Milinda 192, 230, 246

Milinda-paõha
, Questions of King Milinda 192, 246

Mill, James, English philosopher 501, 513

Ming dynasty 121, 143, 144, 147, 148, 160

Mishnah
70
n

Missionaries
see
Christianity

Mitanni
41, 62, 128, 196

Mitchell, Margaret 490

Mithradata 1257

Mithras 255

Mixtec
346, 352, 355

Moabite
70, 71

Moesia 310

Moldova 443

Molière, Jean-Baptiste, French dramatist 410

Molina, Fray Alonso de, Spanish friar 346

Monemvasia, Chronicle of 262

Mongolia 21, 121, 143, 427

people 153, 170-171, 207, 425-426, 555 religion 179

Mongolian
106, 108, 138, 140, 143, 145, 146, 156-157, 217

Monophysites 89

Monroe, James, US President 488

Montcalm, Marquess of, French general 415

Montecassino monastery 319

Montezuma
see
Motecuhzoma

Morgan, Henry, British pirate 480

Moscow 426-427, 431-432

Mossé, Fernand 472
n

Motecuhzoma, Aztec tlatoani 1-4, 14-16, 353
n

Motolinía (Fray Toribio de Benavente), Spanish Friar 368, 371

Mozambique 104-105, 387, 390, 399

Mufwene, Salikoko, historical linguist 559
n

Mughal dynasty 106, 108, 212, 223, 497
n
, 514

Muhammad, Arab prophet 93-94, 96, 103, 260

Mühlenberg, F.A.C. 492

Muisca/Muysca
see
Chibcha

Multatuli (Eduard Douwes Dekker), Dutch novelist 395

Munda languages
177, 188, 197, 217

Mursilis, king 55

Muški 43

Muslims 88
n
, 92, 94-96, 141, 164, 212, 434

see also
Islam

Musophilus
(Daniel) 323

Musti, D. 249

Myiares, Andreas 265

Mysians 43

Nabada 37

Nahuatl
1-4, 14-17, 342, 344, 346, 350-355, 363, 368-369, 372, 374, 444, 521
n

style contrasted with
Spanish
14-15

Nālandā Mahāvihāra, Buddhist university 193, 194, 220-222

Nan-yue 146

Nanjing 151

Napata 127

Napoleon III, French emperor 301, 416
n

Naturalis Historia
(Pliny) 27, 336

Naucratis 130, 240
n

Navajo
census 489-490

Navarre 99

Nawat
350
n

Near East 76, 90, 92, 111

Nearchus, Greek admiral 191-192

Nebrija, Antonio de, Spanish linguist 331, 345, 348, 380, 396, 446, 472

Nebuchadrezzar II, Babylonian king 44, 47, 59, 79

Nennius, chronicler of Britain 311

Nepali
176

Nesian
41
n

Nestorians 88-90, 119, 120, 141, 158, 536

Netherlands 398, 400
n
, 409

New Granada 339, 367, 568
n
15

New Hebrides
see
Vanuatu

New World
see
Americas

New Zealand 506, 508, 510, 535

Newton, Sir Isaac 328

Nhengatu
see
Tupinambá

Nicephorus I, Byzantine emperor 262

Nieuw Nederland 492-493